ObjectiveTo compare the differences in color， odor， coumarin content and microbial community composition of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix（ADR） during different drying processes， and to explore the correlation between changes in microbial community composition and changes in quality indexes of ADR. MethodsThe fresh ADR was processed at three drying temperatures（50， 70， 100 ℃） by drying and steaming cutting， semi-fresh cutting and drying， fresh cutting and drying， and sulfur fumigation methods. The color values of samples were extracted by Adobe Photoshop 2022 software and subjected to principal component analysis（PCA）， electronic nose was used to identify the odor information of medicinal powders and subjected to loadings analysis， PCA， and linear discriminant analysis（LDA）， and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to determine the contents of five coumarins（bergapten， oxypeucedanin， imperatorin， phellopterin， isoimperatorin）. The samples for microbial detection were taken from fresh dried samples， 50 ℃（dried and steamed cut， sulfur fumigated） samples， and 100 ℃（dried and steamed cut） samples when the water content was 50% and 14%， respectively. And the changes of microbial community composition during processing were determined by high-throughput sequencing method. The relationship between the changes of microbial community composition and the changes of odor， color and active component content of ADR during drying process was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. ResultsThe color quantification results showed that an increase in drying temperature led to the decrease of brightness value（L）， and the increases of red-green value（a） and yellow-blue value（b）， and the change of processing method had no obvious effect on the color of medicinal materials. The results of odor quantification showed that W1S， W2S， W5S， W2W and W1W sensor were sensitive to the odor changes of ADR and could be used to distinguish ADR decoction pieces from different processing methods. The results of HPLC showed that the coumarin content of ADR decreased with the increase of drying temperature and the delay of processing time， the optimal processing method was drying and steaming cutting method， and the optimal temperature was 50 ℃. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the dominant bacteria in ADR during processing were Achromobacter， Agrobacterium， Nocardioides， Mycobacterium and Enterobacter， the dominant fungi were Coprinopsis， Meyerozyma and Apiotrichum. The results of correlation analysis showed that the quality indexes of ADR were positively correlated with Agrobacterium， Mycobacterium in bacteria， Candida in fungi， and negatively correlated with Bacillus in bacteria. ConclusionThere are significant differences in the color， odor， coumarin content and microbial community composition of ADR in different drying processes， and the best drying method is drying and steaming cutting at 50 ℃. The relative abundance changes of 9 bacterial genera and 4 fungal genera are closely related to the quality formation of ADR during the drying process.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a globally life-threatening disease. Presently, few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS, and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. In fact, many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy, while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application. To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need, we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement. AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats, pMCAO rats, and IS rhesus monkeys, as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs. AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.

As one of the major diseases threatening human health,the early accurate diagnosis and localization of tumors are crucial for formulating effective treatment plans.In recent years,molecular probes(MPs)have made significant progress in the field of biological imaging.With advantages such as high sensitivity,high specificity,and non-invasiveness,they have become a research hotspot in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment.This paper systematically reviews the applications of MPs in tumor diagnosis and treatment,covering their classifications(such as fluorescent,photoacoustic,chemiluminescent,bioluminescent,and multimodal probes),design strategies(including active/pas-sive targeting mechanisms and the synergistic construction of identification units,imaging units,signal conversion units and treatment units),as well as detection principles.It also focuses on elabo-rating the research progress of MPs based on enzymes,receptors,reactive substances,and tumor microenvironment.Meanwhile,this paper emphasizes the advantages of multifunctional integration and multimodal imaging,and analyzes the challenges faced by MPs in clinical translation(such as biocompatibility and optimization of supporting equipment).It aims to provide ideas for the develop-ment of high-performance MPs and promote the advancement of precise and personalized tumor di-agnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is indicated as a broad-spectrum medicine for a variety of diseases, including cancer and cardiac disease. While the role of ATO in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) has not been reported. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the effects of ATO on HIRI. METHODS: In the present study, we established a 70% hepatic warm I/R injury and partial hepatectomy (30% resection) animal models in vivo and hepatocytes anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) models in vitro with ATO pretreatment and further assessed liver function by histopathologic changes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cell counting kit-8, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was transfected to evaluate the role of ERK1/2 pathway during HIRI, followed by ATO pretreatment. The dynamic process of autophagic flux and numbers of autophagosomes were detected by green fluorescent protein-monomeric red fluorescent protein-LC3 (GFP-mRFP-LC3) staining and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: A low dose of ATO (0.75 μmol/L in vitro and 1 mg/kg in vivo ) significantly reduced tissue necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, and hepatocyte apoptosis during the process of hepatic I/R. Meanwhile, ATO obviously promoted the ability of cell proliferation and liver regeneration. Mechanistically, in vitro  studies have shown that nontoxic concentrations of ATO can activate both ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-serine/threonine kinase (PI3K-AKT) pathways and further induce autophagy. The hepatoprotective mechanism of ATO, at least in part, relies on the effects of ATO on the activation of autophagy, which is ERK-dependent. CONCLUSION Low, non-toxic doses of ATO can activate ERK/PI3K-AKT pathways and induce ERK-dependent autophagy in hepatocytes, protecting liver against I/R injury and accelerating hepatocyte regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
Animals ; Arsenic Trioxide ; Autophagy/physiology* ; Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control* ; Mice ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/physiology* ; Arsenicals/therapeutic use* ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology in preoperative planning for anterolateral thigh flap transplantation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 11 patients with skin and soft tissue defects treated with free anterolateral thigh flap transplantation between January 2022 and January 2024, who met the selection criteria. There were 8 males and 3 females, aged 34-70 years (mean, 50.8 years). Causes of injury included traffic accidents (4 cases), machine trauma (3 cases), heavy object crush injury (3 cases), and tumor (1 case). The time from injury to flap repair ranged from 7 to 35 days (mean, 23 days). Preoperatively, the patients' CT angiography images were imported into Mimics21.0 software. Through the software's segmentation, editing, and reconstruction functions, 3D visualization and measurement of the vascular pedicle, perforators, wound size, and morphology were performed to plan the flap harvest area, contour, vascular pedicle length, and anastomosis site, guiding the implementation of flap transplantation. RESULTS: The length of the vascular pedicle needed by the recipient site was (9.1±0.9) cm, and the maximum length of vascular pedicle in the donor area was (10.6±0.6) cm, with a significant difference ( t=4.230, P<0.001). The operation time ranged from 220 to 600 minutes (mean, 361.9 minutes). One patient had poor wound healing at the recipient site, which healed after dressing changes. All 11 flaps survived well without necrosis. All patients were followed up 6-19 months (mean, 11 months). Four flaps showed bulkiness and underwent secondary debulking; the remaining flaps had good contour and soft texture. The donor sites healed well, with no sensory disturbance around the incision or complications such as walking impairment. CONCLUSION Preoperative planning using CT angiography data and 3D reconstruction software can effectively determine the flap area, contour, required vascular pedicle length, anastomosis site, and whether vascular grafting is needed, thereby guiding the successful execution of anterolateral thigh flap transplantation.
Humans ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Thigh/diagnostic imaging* ; Aged ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery* ; Surgical Flaps ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; Free Tissue Flaps/blood supply* ; Preoperative Care

As one of the major diseases threatening human health,the early accurate diagnosis and localization of tumors are crucial for formulating effective treatment plans.In recent years,molecular probes(MPs)have made significant progress in the field of biological imaging.With advantages such as high sensitivity,high specificity,and non-invasiveness,they have become a research hotspot in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment.This paper systematically reviews the applications of MPs in tumor diagnosis and treatment,covering their classifications(such as fluorescent,photoacoustic,chemiluminescent,bioluminescent,and multimodal probes),design strategies(including active/pas-sive targeting mechanisms and the synergistic construction of identification units,imaging units,signal conversion units and treatment units),as well as detection principles.It also focuses on elabo-rating the research progress of MPs based on enzymes,receptors,reactive substances,and tumor microenvironment.Meanwhile,this paper emphasizes the advantages of multifunctional integration and multimodal imaging,and analyzes the challenges faced by MPs in clinical translation(such as biocompatibility and optimization of supporting equipment).It aims to provide ideas for the develop-ment of high-performance MPs and promote the advancement of precise and personalized tumor di-agnosis and treatment.

Background::Lung cancer is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality of lung cancer worldwide in 2022 and to project the number of new cases and deaths due to lung cancer in China and the United States in 2050.Methods::In this study, data from the GLOBCAN 2022 database were used to analyze lung cancer incidence and mortality. The current status of lung cancer incidence and deaths was described by country/region, sex, age, and the human development index (HDI), and future lung cancer incidence and deaths in China and the United States were projected for 2050.Results::Globally, an estimated 2,480,675 new lung cancer cases and 1,817,469 lung cancer-related deaths occurred in 2022, with age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of 23.6/100,000 and 16.8/100,000, respectively. In China, the ASIR and ASMR for male lung cancer patients were approximately 1.7 times and 2.7 times greater than those for female lung cancer patients, respectively. The ASIR and ASMR in high-HDI countries were approximately 8.5 times and 6.5 times those in low-HDI countries, respectively. It is estimated that in 2050, there will be approximately 1120 thousand new cases and 960 thousand deaths among Chinese men, 680 thousand new cases and 450 thousand deaths among Chinese women, approximately 170 thousand new cases and 110 thousand deaths among American men, and 160 thousand new cases and 90 thousand deaths among American women.Conclusions::There are significant differences in the incidence and mortality of lung cancer among different regions and sexes. Therefore, sex factors need to be considered in the prevention, screening, and treatment strategies of lung cancer, and the implementation of tertiary prevention measures for lung cancer, especially primary and secondary prevention, needs to be actively promoted.

Objective:This paper provides a brief overview of the epidemiology of colorectal cancer in China and around the world, and discusses how to prevent colorectal cancer to reduce its disease burden.Method:Using the official database of GLOBOCAN 2020, the China Cancer Registry Annual Report compiled by the National Cancer Center, and data from CONCORD-3.Data management was performed by Microsoft Excel 2016 and R 4.2.1 Relevant graphs were generated using the ggplot2 package for result visualization.Result:An estimated 1 931 590 people were diagnosed with colorectal cancer worldwide in 2020 with an age-standardized incidence rate of 19.5 per 100 000. There were about 935 173 deaths caused by colorectal cancer internationally, with an age-standardized mortality rate of 9.0 per 100 000. Overall, colorectal cancer was the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in 2020. In China, the age-standardized incidence rate and mortality rate of colorectal cancer was 17.3 per 100 000 and 7.8 per 100 000, respectively. Gender differences in trends were observed, with a decreasing trend in incidence and mortality among females and an increasing trend in incidence and mortality among males. The primary risk factors for colorectal cancer include age, genetic factors, gastrointestinal disorders, dietary habits, and lifestyle et al.Conclusions:Colorectal cancer poses a significant burden globally and in China. The occurrence of colorectal cancer is closely related to physiology, genetics, behavioral habits, lifestyle, and disease factors. To better control the colorectal cancer burden with the lowest cost, specific measures should be taken to reduce exposure to established risk factors. By combining the disease prevention and control strategies of tertiary prevention in China with the characteristic factors of colorectal cancer, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer may be effectively controlled.

Background and purpose:Limbs soft tissue sarcoma(STS)is a common malignant tumor,and surgical resection is the main treatment method for it.The concept of barrier made us realize the blocking effect of natural barrier on STS,and we aimed to search for tissues that can act as barrier,and to perform complete resection of surgical margins around the tissue barrier.This study aimed to investigate the feasibility,safety and prognosis of barrier resection in the treatment of limbs STS.Methods:From December 2013 to September 2016,data of 72 patients who underwent barrier resection of STS of extremities in department of oncosurgery,Minhang Branch,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were retrospectively analyzed,and the resection margin was sampled.All 72 patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or computed tomography(CT)design,and the physiological barrier or at least 3 cm distance was found outward from the anatomical location of the tumor.And en bloc excision was performed outside this barrier or at a distance of 3 cm.The influence of postoperative pathological margin,musculoskeletal tumor society(MSTS)score and postoperative complications on the patients were analyzed.The 1-and 3-year locoregional recurrence-free survival(LRFS)rates and sarcoma-specific survival(SSS)rates were evaluated,and the influencing factors were analyzed.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center(number:1212117-12&1212117-12-1301).Results:All patients had negative margins.The 1-and 3-year LRFS rates were 98.2%and 93.3%,respectively.The 1-and 3-year SSS rates were 98.4%and 94.2%,respectively.The mean MSTS scores were 28.3 preoperatively and 25.5 postoperatively.Surgical complications were grade 1 to 2 in 20 cases and grade 3 in 1 case,and there were no grade 4 to 5 complications.Conclusion:Based on the combination of clinical,imaging and pathology data,barrier resection,including tumor resection and functional reconstruction,can be applied to the surgical treatment of STS,with good feasibility and safety,reliable margin and satisfactory local control.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,small molecule generation models have emerged as a significant research direction in the field of drug discovery.These models,including Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs),Variational Autoencoders(VAEs),and diffusion models,have proven to possess remarkable capabilities in optimizing drug properties and generating complex molecular structures.This article comprehensively analyzes the application of the aforementioned advanced technologies in the drug discovery process,demonstrating how they supplement and enhance traditional drug design methods.At the same time,it addresses the challenges facing current methods in terms of data quality,model complexity,computational cost,and generalization ability,with a prospect of future research directions.