The knowledge graph has the characteristic of visualizing structural knowledge and has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of TCM diagnosis and treatment.This article reviewed the development trend and construction techniques of knowledge graph,summarized its application status in the field of TCM diagnosis and treatment,and provided a comprehensive review from the aspects of basic knowledge of TCM,inheritance of experience of renowned doctors,TCM question answering systems,and exploration of auxiliary decision-making.It also summarized the problems of knowledge graph technology in solving the informationization and intelligence process of TCM,and discussed and prospect the research and application directions of knowledge graph in the field of informationization and intelligence of TCM based on the characteristics of TCM knowledge.

The knowledge graph has the characteristic of visualizing structural knowledge and has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of TCM diagnosis and treatment.This article reviewed the development trend and construction techniques of knowledge graph,summarized its application status in the field of TCM diagnosis and treatment,and provided a comprehensive review from the aspects of basic knowledge of TCM,inheritance of experience of renowned doctors,TCM question answering systems,and exploration of auxiliary decision-making.It also summarized the problems of knowledge graph technology in solving the informationization and intelligence process of TCM,and discussed and prospect the research and application directions of knowledge graph in the field of informationization and intelligence of TCM based on the characteristics of TCM knowledge.

Solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), defined as a single lesion without distant metastasis, is a subtype of primary liver cancer with high surgical resectability. Hepatectomy is considered the most effective curative treatment; however, the optimal surgical approach and resection margin width remain controversial. This review systematically examines the impact of anatomical resection (AR) versus non-anatomical resection (NAR) on prognosis in various clinical contexts. It highlights the advantages of AR in patients at high risk of recurrence, while also acknowledging the value of NAR in preserving liver function. Furthermore, the article discusses the role of wide versus narrow resection margins in postoperative recurrence control, indicating that wide margins may help eliminate potential micrometastases, though postoperative risks must be balanced in patients with limited hepatic reserve. The review proposes that a combined strategy involving both surgical approach and margin width may exert a synergistic effect in improving outcomes. Looking ahead, the integration of imaging techniques, preoperative predictive models, and individual biological characteristics will facilitate personalized and precise surgical planning, thereby optimizing the prognosis of patients with solitary HCC.

Objective To detect the expression of cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 6(COA6)in breast cancer,study its clinical significance,and analyze the effect of COA6 on immune infiltration in breast cancer.Methods Differential genes were screened by the whole transcriptome sequencing and the expression of COA6 was explored with TCGA(The Cancer Genome Atlas Program)database.The tissues of 125 breast cancer and adjacent tissues were stained by immunohistochemistry to detect COA6 protein expression and analyze the correlation with clinical features.The COA6 mRNA and protein expression in breast cancer cells and tissues were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.The TIMER(Tumor Immune Estimation Resource)database was used to analyze the correlation between high COA6 gene expression and immune cell infiltration.Results The positive expression rate of COA6 in breast cancer tissues was 88％(110/125),which was higher than that of paracarinoma tissues(7.2％,9/125)(P＜0.05)and was positively correlated with tumor size and histological grade.In fresh breast cancer tissues,COA6 protein expression was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues.Both COA6 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in the breast cancer cell lines.COA6 was positively cor-related with the infiltration of helper T cells,NK cells,CD8+T cells,M1 type macrophages,regulatory T cells,dendritic cells,and memory CD4+T cells in the tumor microenvironment.Conclusions The expression level of COA6 is increased in breast cancer and is positively correlated with tumor immune infiltration,which provides a po-tential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury can lead to secondary brain damage through com-plex pathological processes such as ion imbalance,inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,and increased vascular permeability,serious-ly affecting the prognosis and quality of life of isch-emic stroke patients.How to effectively reduce and prevent neurological damage caused by CIRI has become a key and hot topic in CIS research.In re-cent years,many studies have confirmed that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine can alleviate oxidative stress,inhibit autophagy,regulate cell apoptosis,control neuroinflammation,reduce cell apoptosis index,alleviate neuronal his-topathological damage,promote neuronal survival,enhance synaptic plasticity,and play a therapeutic role in CIRI through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.In summary,this article provides a review of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and its role in CIRI,as well as the research on the regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling by active ingredients in traditional Chi-nese medicine for the treatment of CIRI.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical use of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate CIRI damage.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury can lead to secondary brain damage through com-plex pathological processes such as ion imbalance,inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,and increased vascular permeability,serious-ly affecting the prognosis and quality of life of isch-emic stroke patients.How to effectively reduce and prevent neurological damage caused by CIRI has become a key and hot topic in CIS research.In re-cent years,many studies have confirmed that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine can alleviate oxidative stress,inhibit autophagy,regulate cell apoptosis,control neuroinflammation,reduce cell apoptosis index,alleviate neuronal his-topathological damage,promote neuronal survival,enhance synaptic plasticity,and play a therapeutic role in CIRI through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.In summary,this article provides a review of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and its role in CIRI,as well as the research on the regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling by active ingredients in traditional Chi-nese medicine for the treatment of CIRI.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical use of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate CIRI damage.

Hepatolenticular degeneration is kind of an autosomal recessive genetic disease with diverse, complex and non-specific clinical manifestations, high misdiagnosis rate, rapid disease progression, poor drug treatment effect, and high mortality. It is one of the rare several genetic metabolic diseases in clinic that could be cured by liver transplantation method. Liver transplantation provides healthy P-type ATP enzyme through the donor liver, which can correct its genetic defects, improve copper metabolism disorders, relieve clinical symptoms, improve the quality of life, and improve the survival rate of patients. Liver transplantation is playing an increasingly important role as an important means to treat hepatolenticular degeneration. With the rapid development of partial living donor liver transplantation, auxiliary liver transplantation, domino-assisted liver transplantation and cross-assisted domino liver transplantation, a new way has been provided for patients with hepatolenticular degeneration, alleviating the problem of donor liver shortage and shortening the waiting time of recipients, which has certain clinical value and development prospects. In this paper, a review of the research progress in the treatment of hepatolenticular degeneration with liver transplantation was made with reference to the relevant literature at home and abroad.

Aging is accompanied by significant inhibition of hematopoietic and immune system function and disruption of bone marrow structure. Aging-related alterations in the inflammatory response, immunity, and stem cell niches are at the root of hematopoietic aging. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hematopoietic and bone marrow aging can aid the clinical treatment of aging-related diseases. In particular, it is unknown how the niche reprograms hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in an age-dependent manner to maintain normal hematopoiesis in elderly individuals. Recently, specific inhibitors and blood exchange methods have been shown to reshape the hematopoietic niche and reverse hematopoietic aging. Here, we present the latest scientific discoveries related to hematopoietic aging and hematopoietic system rejuvenation, discuss the relationships between hematopoietic niche aging and HSC aging, and describe related studies on stem cell-mediated regulation of hematopoietic aging, aiming to provide new ideas for further study.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of a three-dimensional human anatomy model(3D-body)combined with a case-based learning method(CBL)in the clinical teaching of lower limb fractures.Methods Forty-eight undergraduate interns majoring in clinical medicine from September 2023 to April 2024 from Xingguo Hospital affiliated with Gannan Medical U-niversity were selected as research subjects from September 2023 to April 2024.They were divided into research group(n=24)and control group(n=24)using the random number table method.The control group received the traditional teaching method,and the research group received instruction with the 3D-body model combined with CBL.The two groups were compared in terms of examination performance,critical thinking ability(CTDI-CV score),and teaching evaluation.Results After the implementa-tion of teaching methods,both groups had increases in the scores of the theoretical examinations and clinical practice skill assess-ments and the research group even performed significantly better in the scores of both theoretical examinations and clinical practice skill assessments compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Additionally,the research group exhibited significantly higher scores of cognitive maturity,open-mindedness,truth seeking,conclusion of knowledge,confidence,curiosity,analytical ability,and critical thinking ability compared to the control group(all P＜0.05).Moreover,the research group performed significantly better in teaching attraction,surgical plan formulation ability,in-depths understanding of typical fractures,and satisfaction with teach-ing,but demonstrated significantly reductions of operation exercises required for external frame operation as compared to the con-trol group(P＜0.05).Conclusion 3D-body combined with CB is effective for enhancing clinical teaching of lower limb frac-ture.It can effectively improve the intern's examination performances and elevate teaching evaluation.It is conducive to cultiva-ting interns'critical thinking ability.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) alfa-2b combined with nucleotide analogues (NAs) on the recurrence of hepatitis B-related liver cancer after resection, and to explore the changes of HBsAg and HBV DNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B liver cancer during postoperative treatment.Methods:The prospective study was conducted. Clinical data of 43 patients with hepatitis B-related liver cancer who underwent radical resection treated in 900th Hospital of People′s Liberation Army were prospectively analyzed from January 2020 to December 2021. Among 43 patients, there were 39 males and 4 females, the age was 30-76 years. According to different treatment methods they were divided into two groups, the patients treated by Peg-IFN alfa-2b combined with NAs were devided into the IFN group( n=10), and those treated by NAs alone into the NAs group( n=33). Two-pair semi-quantitative were collected every 3 months after operation. The recurrence-free survival rate, recurrence time after 2 years in the two groups, the clearance rate and the negative rate of HBsAg and HBV DNA in the two groups. Peg-IFN alfa-2b was evaluated in improving the prognosis of hepatitis B-related liver cancer. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed by mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Chi-square test was used for comparison between the two groups of count data. Repeated analysis of measurement variance was used for analysis HBsAg and HBV DNA changes of the interferon group overall survival time and recurrence-free surrival time of patients was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and the difference between groups was assessed using Log-rank test. Results:HBsAg and HBV DNA: The HBsAg clearance rate at 24 weeks and that at 48 weeks in the IFN group were 24.6% and 59.0% respectively. The HBsAg negative rate at 48 weeks was 16.7%. The HBV DNA clearance rate at 24 weeks and that at 48 weeks were 33.9% and 53.8% respectively. The HBV DNA negative rate was 0 at 48 weeks. The levels of HBsAg and HBV DNA in the IFN group decreased gradually with time. There were statistically differences between the levels of HBsAg and HBV DNA at 0 weeks, 24 weeks and 48 weeks( P<0.05). The 2-year overall survival rates of IFN group and NAs group were 100% and 90.9% respectively. The 2-year recurrence-free survival rates were 90.0% and 63.6% respectively. There were no significant statistical differences in the overall survival rate and recurrence-free survival rate between the groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative recurrence time of the IFN group and the NAs group were (15.00±7.07) months and (5.78±3.39) months respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=3.160, P<0.01). Conclusion:Long-term antiviral therapy of Peg-IFN alfa-2b combined with NAs can prolong the recurrence time of liver cancer, reduce the levels of HBsAg and HBV DNA in serum, and potentially improve the survival rate of the patients compared with therapy of NAs alone.