The mixed samples of sperm and epithelial cells have long posed a technical challenge in forensic identification due to complex examination process,limited separation efficacy,and intricate result interpretation.To address this issue,it is beneficial to optimize the characterization of sperm cell-specific aptamer parameters using techniques such as molecular docking,high-throughput sequencing,and other molecular biology and chemical cross-fusion approaches.This will aid in enriching and separating single-source STR typing of sperm cells.This review examines,the development status,advantages and existing problems of aptamer technology,while exploring its potential application in forensic identification of spermatogenic mixed spot.The goal is to provide a new research idea for the detection and identification of mixed DNA samples,and also provide a basis for the evidentialization of the interpretation of mixed sample results,so as to promote the maximization of litigation benefits of scientific detection and identification results.

The mixed samples of sperm and epithelial cells have long posed a technical challenge in forensic identification due to complex examination process,limited separation efficacy,and intricate result interpretation.To address this issue,it is beneficial to optimize the characterization of sperm cell-specific aptamer parameters using techniques such as molecular docking,high-throughput sequencing,and other molecular biology and chemical cross-fusion approaches.This will aid in enriching and separating single-source STR typing of sperm cells.This review examines,the development status,advantages and existing problems of aptamer technology,while exploring its potential application in forensic identification of spermatogenic mixed spot.The goal is to provide a new research idea for the detection and identification of mixed DNA samples,and also provide a basis for the evidentialization of the interpretation of mixed sample results,so as to promote the maximization of litigation benefits of scientific detection and identification results.

Objective To investigate the relationship between gentamicin sulfate mediated gut microbi-ota in affecting glucolipid metabolism and inflammation with hypertension improvement.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats (8-weeks-old) were divided into the normal diet group (ND,n=11),high fat diet group (HFD,n=13) and HFD combined with gentamicin sulfate gavage group (GS,n=13).Blood pressure was monitored weekly during 5-13 weeks,and the levels of insulin,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,LPS,TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were assessed at 13 weeks.The met-agenomic analyses were performed on DNA samples from rat colonic feces.Results The blood pressure in 13 weeks had no statistical difference among the three groups (P>0.05).The blood pressure during 5-10 weeks in the GS group was higher than that in the ND group with statistical difference (P<0.05).The blood pressure during 5-13 weeks in the HFD group was higher than that in the ND group,and the blood pressure during 10-13 weeks in the GS group was lower than that in the HFD with statistical difference (P<0.05). Compared with the group ND,the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C and HOMA-IR in the HFD group were higher,the HDL-C level was lower,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared with the HFD group,the levels of TG,LDL-C and HOMA-IR in the GS group were lower,the HDL-C level was higher,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The levels of LPS,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in the HFD group were higher than those in the ND group,while the GS group was lower than the HFD group (P<0.05).The partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota in the HFD group and GS group was different in structure from that in the ND group.The family level results showed that the structure of the gut microbiota changed in three groups,including 24 microbiotas with significant changes.The hierarchical analysis showed that the proportion of f-desulphovibrio in the HFD group was higher than that in the ND group,while the GS group was lower the HFD group,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Oral antibiotic gentamicin sulfate could improve the glucose and lipid metabolism ab-normalities and inflammation caused by HFD and its mechanism may be to relieve hypertension by regulating intestinal flora structure,abundance and LPS level.

Objective:To explore the effect of biomyoelectric stimulation combined with resistance exercise in sarcopenia among elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) .Methods:From June 2021 to March 2022, 214 patients who underwent MHD at the Blood Purification Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University were selected by convenience sampling. According to the dialysis time, patients were divided into a control group and an observation group, each with 107 cases. The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group received biomyoelectric stimulation combined with resistance exercise on the basis of the control group for a period of 12 weeks. We compared the differences in total body muscle mass, limb skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, 6-minute walking test, and body function between two groups of patients before and after intervention.Results:After intervention, the total muscle mass, limb skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, 6-minute walking test, and Short Physical Performance Battery scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and higher than those before intervention, with statistical differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Biomyoelectric stimulation combined with resistance exercise can effectively improve muscle mass and function in elderly MHD patients, improve physical function, and play a certain role in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

Purpose: Bone destruction and pain caused by cancer is one of the most devastating complications of cancer patients with bone metastases, and it seriously affects the quality of patients’ life. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a cell adhesion molecule with increased expression in a variety of tumors. This study focused to clarify the specific function of EMMPRIN in bone metastasis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Adenovirus with shRNA-EMMPRIN was transfected into MRMT-1 rat breast carcinoma cells, and the MRMT-1 cells with different expression levels of EMMPRIN were implanted into the bone marrow cavity of rat tibia. Next, the effect of down-regulation of EMMPRIN was evaluated as follows: bone damage was detected by X-ray radiological and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining; the tumor burden was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the test of pain-related behaviors was assessed used the bilateral paw withdrawal mechanical threshold; and the levels of secretory factors in tumor conditioned medium were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: We found that down-regulation of EMMPRIN in tumor cells can simultaneously reduce tumor burden, relieve cancer-induced bone destruction and pain. Conclusion: Materials and Methods EMMPRIN is expected to be a therapeutic target for relieving bone metastasis of breast cancer and alleviating cancerinduced bone destruction and pain. The method of targeting EMMPRIN may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer in the future.

Purpose: Bone destruction and pain caused by cancer is one of the most devastating complications of cancer patients with bone metastases, and it seriously affects the quality of patients’ life. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a cell adhesion molecule with increased expression in a variety of tumors. This study focused to clarify the specific function of EMMPRIN in bone metastasis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Adenovirus with shRNA-EMMPRIN was transfected into MRMT-1 rat breast carcinoma cells, and the MRMT-1 cells with different expression levels of EMMPRIN were implanted into the bone marrow cavity of rat tibia. Next, the effect of down-regulation of EMMPRIN was evaluated as follows: bone damage was detected by X-ray radiological and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining; the tumor burden was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the test of pain-related behaviors was assessed used the bilateral paw withdrawal mechanical threshold; and the levels of secretory factors in tumor conditioned medium were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: We found that down-regulation of EMMPRIN in tumor cells can simultaneously reduce tumor burden, relieve cancer-induced bone destruction and pain. Conclusion: Materials and Methods EMMPRIN is expected to be a therapeutic target for relieving bone metastasis of breast cancer and alleviating cancerinduced bone destruction and pain. The method of targeting EMMPRIN may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer in the future.

OBJECTIVE： To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by singer marker （QAMS） for determining the contents of diosgenin， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， vanillic acid， rutin， quercetin， kaempferol in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece. METHODS： HPLC external standard method was used to determine the contents of 6 components in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece simultaneously [the separation was carried out on Diamonsil-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （gradient elution）； the detection wavelengths of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， vanillic acid， rutin， quercetin and kaempferol were set at 254 nm（0-60 min）； the detection wavelength of diosgenin was set at 202 nm （60-75 min） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃]. Using vanillic acid as internal standard， relative correction factors （RCFs） of aother 5 components were calculated and to investigate durability. Relative retention method was used to accurately locate the chromatographic peaks of the components to be determined， and then the contents of the aother 5 components in Polygonati Rhizoma were calculated according to RCFs， and the results were compared with those determined by external standard method. The method was validated by Polygonati Rhizoma decoction piece. The contents of 6 components were determined by QAMS method and external standard method respectively， and then the differences of content determination were compared between 2 methods. RESULTS： The methodology investigation results of HPLC method were in line with related requirements. Within the linear range， the RCFs of diosgenin， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， rutin， quercetin， kaempferol were 0.195， 0.025， 0.263， 0.345 and 0.075， respectively. Under different experiment conditions， RCFs showed good reproducibility； there was no statistical significance of 6 components in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece determined by external standard method and QAMS method （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Established QAMS method is suitable for simultaneous determination of 6 components in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece.

Objective To develop and validate a model based on deep learning for automatic diagnosis of early gastric cancer ( EGC) to improve detection and diagnosis of EGC. Methods A total of 5159 images ( including 1000 images of EGC and 4159 images of other benign lesions or normal patients) obtained from May 2014 to December 2016 were collected from endoscopic database in changhai Hospital. Then 4449 images were selected randomly for a deep convolutional neural network ( CNN ) training, of which 768 were diagnosed as EGC and 3681 diagnosed as other benign lesions or normal. The remaining 710 images were used to test the model by comparing with diagnostic results of four endoscopists. Results The deep learning model showed accuracy of 89. 4％ ( 635/710 ) , sensitivity of 88. 8％ ( 206/232 ) and specificity of 89. 7％ ( 429/478) for EGC. The mean time required for diagnosis was 0. 30 ± 0. 02 s. The performance of the model was superior to that of four endoscopists. Conclusion The model based on deep learning has high accuracy,sensitivity and specificity for detecting EGC,which could assist endoscopists in real-time diagnosis.

Objective To prepare the standard molecular weight fragment mixtures. Methods Primers were designed to prepare clones which contained different sizes of standard molecular weight fragments. The template used for amplification of insert fragments was the pMD18-T vector. Bacteria culture and plasmid extraction were used to obtain abundant target fragment. Unlabeled DNA fragments were prepared by double digestion of the recombinant plasmids, and the fluorescent adaptor was prepared by annealing with two partial reverse complimentary DNA fragments. The unlabeled fragments and fluorescent adaptor were connected by DNA ligation reaction assisted with T4 DNA ligase. In this way, different sizes of standard molecular weight fragments were prepared. Standard molecular weight fragment mixture was finally prepared by mixing all the fragments together before purification. Results Ten standard molecular weight fragments of different sizes were prepared. The sizes of each fragment are 80bp, 124bp, 194bp, 224bp, 254bp, 304bp, 349bp, 399bp, 424bp and 454bp. The internal standard could accurately determine the size of PCR products amplified with the DNATyper15 kit. Conclusion Using this method, the standard molecular weight fragment mixture which meet the requirements of research and laboratory use was prepared, perfectly providing a new method for preparation of the DNA molecular weight standards. The peaks and the size of the prepared DNA internal lane standard are correct, which can be used to calculate the DNA fragments size in capillary electrophoresis.