To enhance the practical ability and job competency of full-time master of public health (MPH) postgraduates and explore a collaborative training mode that integrates medical education with a prevention-and-control approach, in line with standardized public health physician training, the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with the School of Public Health affiliated to Capital Medical University, had recruited full-time MPH postgraduates since 2015. These students were trained and assessed through a collaborative training mode based on the Beijing public health physician training mechanism. Through the introduction and analysis of the training objectives, training process, practical assessment methods, training quality, and results, this article suggests that the construction of a collaborative training mode integrating MPH postgraduate education of public health professionals and standardized public health physician training has explored a new pathway for cultivating "four-certification integration" public health professionals. This aligns with the Chinese national strategy for public health talent development and can alleviate the problems of "contradictions between work and study", including the current shortage of public health physicians at present and the difficulties in standardized training enrollment. In addition, this collaborative training mode provides valuable experience for other medical schools in training applied public health professionals who meet national public health standards and combine prevention with treatment.

China has long prioritized the prevention and control of cervical cancer. In 2023, the National Health Commission and nine other departments jointly formulated the "Action Plan for Accelerating the Elimination of Cervical Cancer (2023-2030)". This article reviews the current global and Chinese progress in eliminating cervical cancer and HPV vaccination efforts. It specifically analyzes the problems and challenges faced in improving the HPV vaccination coverage rate among adolescent females in China. The article articulates the public health value of this improvement in achieving the ultimate goal of eliminating cervical cancer. Furthermore, it proposes targeted technical recommendations, including promptly incorporating HPV vaccination among adolescent females into the National Immunization Plan, formulating and continuously improving vaccination strategies and implementation plans, strengthening science popularization and publicity, and enhancing public opinion monitoring and risk management. These recommendations aim to promote health equity and contribute to the goal of eliminating cervical cancer as soon as possible.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of hospitalization of the patients with herpes zoster in Beijing from 2017 to 2022.Methods:In this retrospective study, the information of hospitalization of herpes zoster patients were collected from all medical institutions at the first level and above in Xicheng, Changping, and Miyun districts of Beijing. The age and gender specific hospitalization rates and age-standardized hospitalization rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression model was used to explore the trend of the hospitalization rates, and the influencing factors of the hospital stay length and complications were analyzed.Results:The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the patients with herpes zoster was 10.82/100 000-18.43/100 000 in Beijing from 2017 to 2022 [annual percent change (APC) =5.86%, 95% CI: -2.80%-15.98%]. The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the cases with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed an upward trend (APC=11.35%, 95% CI: 7.21%-16.23%). The age-standardized hospitalization rate showed an upward trend in women (APC=14.34%, 95% CI: 7.95%-22.37%). The hospitalization rate showed a downward trend in age group 30-39 years (APC=-24.92%, 95% CI: -48.56% - -1.85%) and showed upward trends in age group 70-79 years and 80-109 years (APC=23.18%, 95% CI: 13.53%-35.58%; APC=4.90%, 95% CI: 1.18%-9.19%). Complications occurred in 66.28% (680/1 026) of the patients. The median hospital stay length was 9 (5,15) days, and the patients with high age (≥80 years) and two or more complications had longer hospital stay, which were 12 (6, 23) and 14 (7, 27) days respectively ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The hospitalization rate in women and the elderly aged ≥70 years with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed upward trends in Beijing in recent years. The elderly aged ≥80 years usually had longer hospital stay, showing a relatively disease burden level. More attention should be paid to development of intervention strategies, such as vaccine, for this population.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of hospitalization of the patients with herpes zoster in Beijing from 2017 to 2022.Methods:In this retrospective study, the information of hospitalization of herpes zoster patients were collected from all medical institutions at the first level and above in Xicheng, Changping, and Miyun districts of Beijing. The age and gender specific hospitalization rates and age-standardized hospitalization rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression model was used to explore the trend of the hospitalization rates, and the influencing factors of the hospital stay length and complications were analyzed.Results:The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the patients with herpes zoster was 10.82/100 000-18.43/100 000 in Beijing from 2017 to 2022 [annual percent change (APC) =5.86%, 95% CI: -2.80%-15.98%]. The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the cases with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed an upward trend (APC=11.35%, 95% CI: 7.21%-16.23%). The age-standardized hospitalization rate showed an upward trend in women (APC=14.34%, 95% CI: 7.95%-22.37%). The hospitalization rate showed a downward trend in age group 30-39 years (APC=-24.92%, 95% CI: -48.56% - -1.85%) and showed upward trends in age group 70-79 years and 80-109 years (APC=23.18%, 95% CI: 13.53%-35.58%; APC=4.90%, 95% CI: 1.18%-9.19%). Complications occurred in 66.28% (680/1 026) of the patients. The median hospital stay length was 9 (5,15) days, and the patients with high age (≥80 years) and two or more complications had longer hospital stay, which were 12 (6, 23) and 14 (7, 27) days respectively ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The hospitalization rate in women and the elderly aged ≥70 years with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed upward trends in Beijing in recent years. The elderly aged ≥80 years usually had longer hospital stay, showing a relatively disease burden level. More attention should be paid to development of intervention strategies, such as vaccine, for this population.

To enhance the practical ability and job competency of full-time master of public health (MPH) postgraduates and explore a collaborative training mode that integrates medical education with a prevention-and-control approach, in line with standardized public health physician training, the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with the School of Public Health affiliated to Capital Medical University, had recruited full-time MPH postgraduates since 2015. These students were trained and assessed through a collaborative training mode based on the Beijing public health physician training mechanism. Through the introduction and analysis of the training objectives, training process, practical assessment methods, training quality, and results, this article suggests that the construction of a collaborative training mode integrating MPH postgraduate education of public health professionals and standardized public health physician training has explored a new pathway for cultivating "four-certification integration" public health professionals. This aligns with the Chinese national strategy for public health talent development and can alleviate the problems of "contradictions between work and study", including the current shortage of public health physicians at present and the difficulties in standardized training enrollment. In addition, this collaborative training mode provides valuable experience for other medical schools in training applied public health professionals who meet national public health standards and combine prevention with treatment.

China has long prioritized the prevention and control of cervical cancer. In 2023, the National Health Commission and nine other departments jointly formulated the "Action Plan for Accelerating the Elimination of Cervical Cancer (2023-2030)". This article reviews the current global and Chinese progress in eliminating cervical cancer and HPV vaccination efforts. It specifically analyzes the problems and challenges faced in improving the HPV vaccination coverage rate among adolescent females in China. The article articulates the public health value of this improvement in achieving the ultimate goal of eliminating cervical cancer. Furthermore, it proposes targeted technical recommendations, including promptly incorporating HPV vaccination among adolescent females into the National Immunization Plan, formulating and continuously improving vaccination strategies and implementation plans, strengthening science popularization and publicity, and enhancing public opinion monitoring and risk management. These recommendations aim to promote health equity and contribute to the goal of eliminating cervical cancer as soon as possible.

Objective:To investigate the infection status of the hepatitis B virus among the population over 18 years old in the Chaoyang District of Beijing from August to December 2020.Methods:A multistage stratified cluster random sampling was carried out on residents over 18 years old who lived in Chaoyang for more than six months in 2020. The estimated sample size was 8 525. A blood sample was collected and tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc using the Abbott Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay method. A questionnaire survey was also conducted.Results:A total of 9 875 residents were included; the overall positive rate of HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs was 2.8% (95% CI:2.5%-3.1%), 33.9% (95% CI:33.0%-34.9%) and 45.6% (95% CI:44.6%-46.6%), respectively. The negative rate for all three serological markers was 45.9% (95% CI:44.9%-46.9%). The reported hepatitis B vaccination rate was 22.4%. The positive rate of HBsAg and anti-HBc were lower in group aged 18-28 years (1.9% and 6.8%, respectively) than the others, and that of the male was higher (3.6% and 35.4%, respectively) than the female (2.2% and 32.8%, respectively). The negative rate for all three serological markers increased with age. However, the positive rate of anti-HBs decreased with age. Conclusions:In Chaoyang District of Bejing, HBV prevalence among the population over 18 years old has decreased. The publicity and education about hepatitis B prevention and control should be strengthened to reduce the immunization gap of the population further.

Objective: To investigate the source and the transmission chain of a cold-chain product associated COVID-19 epidemic caused by 2019-nCoV Delta variant in Beijing. Methods: Epidemiological investigation were used to verify the exposure points of the cases. Close contacts were traced from the exposure points, and human and environmental samples were collected for nucleic acid tests. Positive samples were analyzed by gene sequencing. Results: A total of 112 cases of COVID-19 were reported in the epidemic from January 18 to February 6, 2022 in Beijing. Except for 1 case was uncertain, there were epidemiological links among 111 cases. The source of infection was the packages of imported cold-chain products from Southeast Asia, which were harvested and stored in a local cold-storage in January 2021, and packaged and sent to the cold-storage A in A district in June 2021, and then sold in batches in cold-storage B in B district from January 2022. The first case was infected in the handling of positive frozen products, and then 77 cases occurred due to working, eating and living together with the index case in the cold-storage B, cold-storage C and restaurant D. Besides the cold-storage B, C and the restaurant D, there were 16 sub-transmission chains, resulting in additional 35 cases. Conclusion: The epidemic indicated that the risk of 2019-nCoV infection from imported cold-chain products contaminated by package and highlighted the importance to strengthen the management of cold-chain industry in future.
Beijing/epidemiology* ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Epidemics ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology* ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective:To analyze the relationship between the cycle threshold ( Ct) values of N gene of COVID-19 cases and the secondary attack risk in close contacts, and identify the relationship between respiratory viral load and infectivity in COVID-19 cases. Methods:The COVID-19 cases with records of Ct values of N gene within 0-7 days of onset were selected, and their close contacts were recruited as the subjects of study. We collected the information of close contacts, including name, gender, age, isolation mode, exposure mode and outcome (whether they were infected with SARS-CoV-2 or not) and other variables. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the relationship between Ct values of N gene of COVID-19 cases and secondary attack risk in close contacts. Results:A total of 1 618 close contacts were recruited, in whom 77 were confirmed as symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 patients with overall secondary attack rate of 4.8%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that eating together ( OR=2.741, P=0.054), living together ( OR=9.721, P<0.001), non-centralized isolation ( OR=18.437, P<0.001) and COVID-19 case's values of N gene within 0-7 days of onset being <20 ( OR=8.998, P=0.004) or 20-25 ( OR=3.547, P=0.032) were significantly associated with higher likelihood of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 in close contacts. Conclusion:The results indicated that positive relationship exists between respiratory viral load and infectivity in COVID-19 cases, suggesting that Ct values of N gene can be used as an early warning indicator for the management of close contacts of COVID-19 cases.