Asarum forbesii is a perennial herb born in a shaded and humid environment, which is warm in nature. With the efficacy of warming lung, resolving fluid retention, and relieving coughs, it can be used to treat the syndrome of cold fluid accumulating in lung. To investigate the effects of different shading conditions on the composition and efficacy of A. forbesii, this study planted A. forbesii under 20% natural light(NL20), 40% natural light(NL40), 60% natural light(NL60), and 80% natural light(NL80) and utilized ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) and micro broth 2-fold dilution method to detect the volatile chemical compounds and the minimum inhibitory concentration. At the same time, the study investigated the effects of A. forbesii grown under different shading conditions on the signs, pathological changes of lung tissues, serum cytokine levels, activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ-Ⅴ in lung tissues, and relative expression of related genes of mice with syndrome of cold fluid accumulating in lung. The results indicated that with the increase of shading, the content of kakuol, methyl eugenol, and asarinin in A. forbesii and the antibacterial effect showed a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing, and the NL40 group was significantly better than the other groups. Under the conditions of NL20 and NL40, A. forbesii significantly alleviated the pathological damage to lung tissues, restored the homeostasis of the lung, and enhanced the energy metabolism level of mice with syndrome of cold fluid accumulating in lung. In addition, A. forbesii planted under the two conditions reduced the content of interleukin-8(IL-8), interleukin-13(IL-13), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and mucin 5AC(MUC5AC), increased the levels of interleukin-10(IL-10) and aquaporin 1(AQP1), lowered the expression of MMP9, VEGF, TGF-β, and MAPK3. In conclusion, the therapeutic effect of A. forbesii on the syndrome of cold fluid accumulating in lung was positively correlated with the degree of shading, and the chemical composition and efficacy of warming lung and resolving fluid retention were optimal under the conditions of NL20-NL40. This study can provide reference for the pharmacological research and cultivation of A. forbesii.
Animals ; Mice ; Lung/pathology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Light ; Cytokines/genetics* ; Humans

Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of total intravenous anesthesia and inhalational anesthesia on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection.Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in international biomedical databases including Ovid Medline,Embase,CINAHL(EBSCO),Cochrane Library,and Web of Science,from inception to July 4,2023.Additionally,ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for ongoing and completed trials.The randomized controlled trials(RCT)comparing total intravenous anesthesia and inhalational anesthesia in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors were included.The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration tool.Relevant data were extracted and synthesized for analysis.Results A total of 327 records were identified,of which eight RCTs met the inclusion criteria.Four studies showed that the patients receiving desflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia experienced faster emergence from anesthesia than those receiving propofol.Two studies indicated that patients in the propofol group had lower levels of emergence agitation and a lower incidence of early postoperative nausea and vomiting.The results on postoperative cognitive function were inconsistent across studies.No differences were found between the groups in terms of postoperative complications or overall recovery quality during hospitalization.Conclusions Inhalational anesthesia appears to provide an advantage in promoting faster emergence following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery,whereas total intravenous anesthesia may contribute to smoother and more stable recovery.Further high-quality studies are needed to clarify the effects of different anesthetic techniques on both short- and long-term postoperative recovery.
Humans ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery* ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Pituitary Gland/surgery* ; Postoperative Period

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating complications of end-stage of liver disease (ESLD), seriously affecting the prognosis of patients. With the deepening understanding of the pathogenesis, the definition, staging, diagnosis and treatment of ESLD with AKI have been gradually optimized. This article reviews the evolution of definition, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of ESLD with AKI, to provide reference for early recognition, precise diagnosis and standardized treatment of this condition.

Objective: To investigate the effects of acupotomy on skeletal muscle fibrosis and collagen deposition in a rabbit knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model. Methods: Rabbits (n = 18) were randomly divided into control, KOA, and KOA + acupotomy (Apo) groups (n = 6). The rabbits in the KOA and Apo groups were modeled using the modified Videman's method for 6 weeks. After modeling, the Apo group was subjected to acupotomy once a week for 3 weeks on the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and anserine bursa tendons around the knee. The behavior of all animals was recorded, rectus femoris tissue was obtained, and histomorphological changes were observed using Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad 3, Smad 7, fibrillar collagen types I (Col-I) and III (Col-III) was detected using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Histological analysis revealed that acupotomy improved the microstructure and reduced the collagen volume fraction of rectus femoris, compared with the KOA group (P = .034). Acupotomy inhibited abnormal collagen deposition by modulating the expression of fibrosis-related proteins and mRNA, thus preventing skeletal muscle fibrosis. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that in the Apo group, Col-I, and Col-III protein levels were significantly lower than those in the KOA group (both P < .01), same as Col-I and Col-III mRNA levels (P = .0031; P = .0046). Compared with the KOA group, the protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad 3 were significantly reduced (both P < .01), as were the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and Smad 3 (P = .0007; P = .0011). Conversely, the levels of protein and mRNA of Smad 7 were significantly higher than that in the KOA group (P < .01; P = .0271). Conclusion Acupotomy could alleviate skeletal muscle fibrosis and delay KOA progress by inhibiting collagen deposition through the TGF-β/Smad pathway in the skeletal muscle of KOA rabbits.

The effect of porcine SIRT5 on replication of foot and mouth disease virus type O(FMDV-O)and the underlying regulatory mechanism were investigated.Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses were employed to monitor expression of endoge-nous SIRT5 in PK-15 cells infected with FMDV-O.Three pairs of SIRT5-specific siRNAs were synthesized.Changes to SIRT5 and FMDV-O protein and transcript levels,in addition to virus copy numbers,were measured by western blot and RT-qPCR analyses.PK-15 cells were transfected with a eukaryotic SIRT5 expression plasmid.Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses were used to explore the impact of SIRT5 overexpression on FMDV-O replication.Meanwhile,RT-qPCR analysis was used to detect the effect of SIRT5 overexpression on the mRNA expression levels of type I interferon-stimulated genes induced by SeV and FMDV-O.The results showed that expression of SIRT5 was up-regulated in PK-15 cells infected with FMDV-O and siRNA interfered with SIRT5 to inhibit FMDV-O replication.SIRT5 overexpression promoted FMDV-O replication.SIRT5 over-expression decreased mRNA expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes induced by SeV and FMDV-O.These results suggest that FMDV-O infection stimulated expression of SIRT5 in PK-15 cells,while SIRT5 promoted FMDV-O rep-lication by inhibiting production of type I interferon-stimula-ted genes.These findings provide a reference to further ex-plore the mechanism underlying the ability of porcine SIRT5 to promote FMDV-O replication.

AP2 transcription factors belong to the AP2/ERF superfamily and are involved in the regula-tion of various biological processes in plant growth and development,as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.However,studies on the AP2 transcription factor family of Perilla frutescens have not been reported.In this study,totally 18 AP2 family members were identified from the Perilla frutescens ge-nome and analyzed for gene structure,conserved motifs,and cis-acting elements using bioinformatics.WRINKLED1(WRI1)is a key regulator of lipid biosynthesis in many plant species and plays an impor-tant role in the regulation of lipid synthesis.Sequence comparison revealed that one member of WRI1 is highly homologous to AtWRI1 and contains two conserved AP2 domains,named PfWRI1.The expression levels of PfAP2 family genes were analyzed in different tissues of Perilla frutescens and at different stages of seed development in conjunction with the transcriptome data,and the results showed that PfWRI1 is highly expressed only in the seeds of Perilla frutescens,suggesting that PfWRI1 may be related to the de-velopmental process of the seeds.The overexpression vector of plant pCAMBIA1303-PfWRI1 was con-structed,and wild-type(Col)and mutant(wri1-1)Arabidopsis thaliana were transformed by Agrobacte-rium tumefaciens to obtain overexpression and complementation lines,respectively.The results showed that the expression of P fWRI1 led to an increase in oil content of Arabidopsis seeds by 8.90％-13.57％compared with Col,and promoted the accumulation of oleic acid(C18:1)and linoleic acid(18:2)and reduced the accumulation of palmitic acid(C16:0),arachidonic acid(C20:0),and cis-11-Eicosenoic acid(C20:1)in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds.In addition,PfWRI1 gene expression increased the ex-pression of glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes AtPKP-α,AtPKP-β1,AtBCCP2,AtSUS2,and AtLIP1.Taken together,PfWRI1 may promote lipid accumulation by increasing unsaturated fatty acid content through interaction with the above genes.

Microplastics(MPs)have attracted growing attention worldwide as an increasingly prevalent environmental pollutant.In addition,chicken meat is currently the most widely consumed kind of poultry in the global market.Consumer demand for chicken is on the rise both at home and abroad.As a result,the safety of chicken raising has also received significant attention.The lungs play an essential role in the physiological activities of chickens,and they are also the most vulnerable organs.Lung injury is difficult to repair after the accumulation of contaminants,and the mortality rate is high,which brings huge economic losses to farmers.The research on the toxicity of MPs has mainly focused on the marine ecosystem,while the mechanisms of toxicity and lung damage in chickens have been poorly studied.Thus,this study explored the effects of exposure to polystyrene microplastics(PS-MPs)at various concentrations for 42 d on chicken lungs.PS-MPs could cause lung pathologies and ultrastructural abnormalities,such as endoplasmic reticulum(ER)swelling,inflammatory cell infiltration,chromatin agglutination,and plasma membrane rupture.Simultaneously,PS-MPs increased the expression of genes related to the heat shock protein family(Hsp60,Hsp70,and Hsp90),ER stress signaling(activating transcription factor 6(ATF6),ATF4,protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase(PERK),and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α(eIF2α)),pyroptosis-related genes(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain(ASC),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase 1(Caspase1),and gasdermin-D(GSDMD)),and the inflammatory signaling pathway(nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)).The above results showed that PS-MP exposure could result in lung stress,ER stress,pyroptosis,and inflammation in broilers.Our findings provide new scientific clues for further research on the mechanisms of physical health and toxicology regarding MPs.

Aim To investigate the impact and mechanism of Weichang'an Pill(WCA),its ethanol extract(EE),water extract(WE),and active ingredients on the contraction of isolated rat ileum smooth muscles induced by acetylcholine(ACh). Methods In vitro tissue bath experiment,WCA,EE,WE,or their active ingredients were added under the action of ACh,and then the contraction tension of isolated ileum smooth muscle from rats was recorded. The binding affinity ofthe active ingredients to the muscarinic acetylcholine M3 receptor was explored by molecular docking. Results WCA,EE,and WE were able to considerably inhibit the excitatory contraction of the ileal smooth muscles induced by ACh. Costunolide,dehydrocostus lactone,santalol,muscone,emodin,chrysophanol,physcion,crotonoside,magnolol,and honokiol were also significantly effective against ACh-induced ileal smooth muscle contraction. Conclusions WCA,EE,WE,and their active ingredients may help to promote intestinal smooth muscle relaxation by blocking the binding of the M3 receptor on the membrane of ileal smooth muscle with ACh.

Objective:To screen the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signature-related differentially expressed genes (DEG) in gastric cancer and to construct a prognostic risk model based on a bioinformatics.Methods:Transcriptome sequencing data (RNA-seq) of 375 gastric cancer and 32 paracancerous tissue samples downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the corresponding clinical information were obtained as training set samples; data of 387 gastric cancer patients (GSE84437) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded as validation set samples. All data were obtained on December 25, 2021. A total of 785 ERS signature-related genes (ERS-RG) were obtained from the GeneCards database. DEG between gastric cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues in the TCGA database was analyzed. The identified gastric cancer DEG were intersected with ERS-RG from the GeneCards database to obtain gastric cancer ERS signature-related DEG, which were analyzed for gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. Univariate Cox proportional risk model was used to screen ERS signature-related DEG with prognostic value in gastric cancer, and LASSO regression analysis was performed to construct a polygenic prognostic risk model, and to calculate the prognostic risk score. The patients in training set and validation set were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group according to the median of the prognostic risk score (2.369); Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the overall survival (OS) and to draw time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of patients in the two groups; nomogram was drawn based on the prognostic independent influencing factors of gastric cancer. The characteristic immune cell infiltration abundance between the two groups was analyzed by using the inverse convolution-based CIBERSORT algorithm. Cytolytic activity scores were calculated by using the geometric mean of granzyme A and perforin 1 expression. According to the median prognostic risk score (2.369) and median tumor mutation burden (TMB) (3.000), all patients with gastric cancer were divided into high risk score-high TMB group, high risk score-low TMB group, low risk score-high TMB group and low risk score-low TMB group to compare the OS of patients in each group.Results:A total of 444 ERS signature-related DEG in gastric cancer including 168 down-regulated genes and 276 up-regulated genes were obtained, which were mainly enriched in biological processes such as protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interactions and unfolded protein responses (all P < 0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that 12 prognostic-related ERS signature-related DEG in gastric cancer were screened out. LASSO regression analysis was performed to obtain a prognostic risk score = 0.052×NOS3+0.137×PON1+0.067×CXCR4+0.131×MATN3+0.116×ANXA5+0.090×SERPINE1. The results of Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the OS of the low-risk group in both the training and validation sets was better than that of the high-risk group (all P < 0.01). The results of the time-dependent ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC for the 3-year, 5-year, 8-year OS rates was 0.695, 0.786, 0.698, respectively in the training set, while the AUC for the 3-year 5-year, 8-year OS rates was 0.580, 0.625, 0.627, respectively in the validation set. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that prognostic risk score ( HR = 3.598, 95% CI 2.290-5.655, P < 0.001) and tumor stage ( HR = 1.344, 95% CI 1.057-1.709, P < 0.05) were independent factors influencing the prognosis of gastric cancer. Among 375 gastric cancer patients in the TCGA database, the expression levels of ATF6, HSPA5, XBP1 and ATF4 in the high-risk group were higher than those in the low-risk group (all P < 0.05); CIBERSORT results showed that the abundance of activated CD4 memory T cells in the high-risk group was lower than that in the low-risk group, and the abundance of both M0 and M2 macrophages in the high-risk group was higher than that in the low-risk group (all P < 0.05). The expression levels of common immune checkpoints (CD274, CTLA4, TNFRSF9, TIGIT, PDCD1, LAG3) in the high-risk group were all higher than those in the low-risk group (all P < 0.05). Cytolytic activity score in the high-risk group was higher than that in the low-risk group ( P < 0.05). The prognostic risk score was negatively correlated with TMB ( r = -0.20, P < 0.001). Patients in the low-risk score-high TMB group had the best OS and those in the high-risk score-low TMB group had the worst OS (both P < 0.001). Conclusions:The prognostic risk score model is established based on 6 ERS signature-related DEG in gastric cancer and its prognostic risk score may be effective as an independent prognostic factor to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Recent research has highlighted structural and functional abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of patients with premature ejaculation (PE). These anomalies could play a pivotal role in the physiological mechanisms underlying PE. This study leveraged functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a noninvasive technique, to explore these neural mechanisms. We conducted resting-state fMRI scans on 36 PE patients and 22 healthy controls (HC), and collected data on Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) scores and intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT). Employing a surface-based regional homogeneity (ReHo) approach, we analyzed local neural synchronous spontaneous activity, diverging from previous studies that utilized a volume-based ReHo method. Areas with significant ReHo differences between PE and HC groups underwent surface-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Significant discrepancies in ReHo and FC across the cortical surface were observed in the PE cohort. Notably, PE patients exhibited decreased ReHo in the left triangular inferior frontal gyrus and enhanced ReHo in the right middle frontal gyrus. The latter showed heightened connectivity with the left lingual gyrus and the right orbital superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, a correlation between ReHo and FC values with PEDT scores and IELT was found in the PE group. Our findings, derived from surface-based fMRI data, underscore specific brain regions linked to the neurobiological underpinnings of PE.
Male ; Humans ; Premature Ejaculation ; Brain Mapping/methods* ; Brain ; Cerebral Cortex ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods*