OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of asiaticoside against hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonatal rats based on the microRNA-155 (miR-155)/suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) axis. METHODS: Neonatal rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a low-dose asiaticoside group (10 mg/kg), a middle-dose asiaticoside group (25 mg/kg), a high-dose asiaticoside group (50 mg/kg), and a budesonide group (1.5 mg/kg), with 12 rats in each group. All rats except those in the control group were exposed to a high concentration of oxygen for 14 days to establish a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The low-, middle-, and high-dose asiaticoside groups were given asiaticoside at different doses by gavage, and those in the budesonide group were given budesonide aerosol treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe lung tissue development and measure radial alveolar count (RAC) and mean linear intercept (MLI). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) detection kits were used to measure the levels of SOD and MDA in lung tissue. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of miR-155 and SOCS1 in lung tissue. Western blotting was used to measure the protein expression of SOCS1 in lung tissue. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the model group had the symptoms of bronchopulmonary dysplasia such as a disordered structure of lung tissue, enlargement of alveolar fusion, uneven alveolar septa, enlargement of average alveolar space, and a reduction in alveolar number. The model group also had significant increases in MLI, MDA level in lung tissue, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, and miR-155 level in lung tissue (P<0.05) and significant reductions in RAC, SOD level, and mRNA and protein expression of SOCS1 in lung tissue (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the low-, middle-, and high-dose asiaticoside groups and the budesonide group had significant improvement in the above symptoms of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, significant reductions in MLI, MDA level in lung tissue, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, and miR-155 level in lung tissue (P<0.05), and significant increases in RAC, SOD level, and mRNA and protein expression of SOCS1 in lung tissue (P<0.05). Asiaticoside improved the above symptoms and indices in a dose-dependent manner. There were no significant differences in the above indices between the high-dose asiaticoside and budesonide groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Asiaticoside can alleviate inflammation injury induced by hyperoxia in neonatal rats and improve the symptoms of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a dose-dependent manner, possibly by down-regulating the expression of miR-155 and up-regulating the expression of SOCS1.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Hyperoxia ; Lung ; MicroRNAs ; Rats ; Triterpenes

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and mechanism of action of irisin on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats. METHODS: A total of 248 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a model group, and low- and high-dose irisin intervention groups (n=62 each). The rats in the model and irisin intervention groups were given hypoxic treatment after right common carotid artery ligation to establish a model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Those in the sham-operation group were given the separation of the right common carotid artery without ligation or hypoxic treatment. The rats in the high- and low-dose irisin intervention groups were given intracerebroventricular injection of recombinant irisin polypeptide at a dose of 0.30 µg and 0.15 µg respectively. Those in the model and sham-operation groups were given the injection of an equal volume of PBS. The water maze test was used to compare neurological behaviors between groups. TTC staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL staining were used to observe histopathological changes of the brain. Western blot was used to measure the expression of the apoptosis-related molecules cleaved-caspase-3 (CC3), BCL-2 and BAX. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operation group, the model group had a significant increase in latency time and a significant reduction in the number of platform crossings (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the high-dose irisin intervention group had a significant reduction in latency time and a significant increase in the number of platform crossings (P<0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, the model group had massive infarction in the right hemisphere, with significant increases in karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis. Compared with the model group, the high-dose irisin intervention group had a smaller infarct area of the right hemisphere, with reductions in karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis. The model group had a significantly higher apoptosis rate of cells in the right cerebral cortex and the hippocampus than the sham-operation group. The high-dose irisin intervention group had a significantly lower apoptosis rate than the model group (P<0.05). At 24 and 48 hours after modeling, the sham-operation group had a significantly lower level of CC3 than the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the high-dose irisin intervention group had a significantly lower level of CC3 and a significantly higher BCL-2/BAX ratio (P<0.05). The low-dose irisin intervention group had similar laboratory markers and histopathological changes of the brain to the model group. CONCLUSIONS Irisin can alleviate hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats in a dose-dependent manner, possibly by reducing cell apoptosis in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; Brain ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Buffaloes ; Cells, Cultured ; In Vitro Techniques ; Primary Cell Culture ; Stem Cells ; Tretinoin

The aim of this study is to o explore the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of idiopathic subglottic stenosis （ISS） The clinical data of 15 patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis treated in our department were analyzed retrospectively. The degree of stenosis was classified by the Cotton Airway grading system of Myer, with 8 cases of gradeⅡ, 4 cases of grade Ⅲ and 3 cases of grade Ⅳ. The time of follow-up of HTSS was 0.5-10 years. All 15 patients were successfully extubated without asphyxia, decannulation and wound nonunion. For patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis in the non-progressive stage, active surgical treatment strategy should be adopted and treated individually. The prognosis is satisfactory.

Objective: To observe the effect of medical instant hemostasis gauze combined with filament speed instant gauze on the drainage and flap healing after modified radical mastectomy. Methods: From August 2015 to August 2016, a total of 80 patients with modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer admitted to Huanxing Tumor Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing were selected.According to the random number table method, 80 patients who were ready for modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer were randomly divided into study group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases). Two kinds of hemostatic materials (medical hemolytic hemostatic gauze combined with fibril quick hemostatic gauze) were applied to the surgical wounds in the study group during the operation, while no medical hemostatic materials were used in the control group during the operation, and the other treatment was the same as that in the study group.Total drainage volume and drainage tube removal time were compared between the two groups 1 to 5 days after operation. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the age, body mass index, and effusion production between the two groups (all P>0.05). The total drainage volume of the study group was (289.23±5.36) ml, and the total drainage volume of the control group was (492.15±8.56) ml.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=8.543, P<0.05). The drainage time of the study group was (6.24±1.23) days, and the extraction time of the control group was (10.12±2.21) days.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=6.203, P<0.05). Conclusion In addition to hemostatic function, using absorbable hemostatic gauze combined with surgicel fibrillar during the surgical process can significantly reduce postoperative subcutaneous fluid accumulation.

Objective: To observe the effect of olfactory training on mice with olfactory dysfunction induced by 3-methylindole (3-MI). Methods: Thirty-one male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by random digits table: control group (group A, n=10), olfactory dysfunction group (group B, n=10) and olfactory dysfunction+olfactory training group (group C, n=11). Mice in group B and group C were intraperitoneally injected with 150 mg/kg 3-MI to induce olfactory dysfunction model, while mice in group A were intraperitoneally injected with corn oil of the same volume. From the first day after injection, mice in group C were treated with 4 kinds of odors by inhalation, while mice in group B were treated with distilled water by inhalation, with 2 times/d, 30 min/time/kind of odor, and continuous training for 28 d. Group A was not treated. Buried food pellet tests were conducted before injection and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after injection, respectively. The olfactory epithelium was harvested for observation of the number of olfactory marker protein (OMP) and the thickness of olfactory epithelium on the 28th day after injection. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Before injection, all mice in each group had no olfactory dysfunction. At the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after injection, the food finding time of mice in group C was shorter than that in group B, and the difference was statistically significant ((175.88±100.50) s vs (266.73±46.83) s, (132.00±84.62) s vs (264.10±48.50) s, (103.57±77.43) s vs (197.43±69.78) s, (67.79±32.54) s vs (176.63±61.06) s, all P<0.05), but food finding time of mice in group B and C was longer than that in group A (the food finding time of group A at the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after injection was (27.13±5.36) s, (25.83±7.28) s, (23.13±2.72) s, (26.63±7.60) s, respectively, all P<0.05). At the 28th day after olfactory training, the number of OMP positive cells in group B and C were fewer than that in group A, and the difference was statistically significant ((108.00±28.19)/HP vs (288.22±84.06)/HP, (199.33±58.55)/HP vs (288.22±84.06)/HP, all P<0.05). The number of OMP positive cells in group C were higher than that in group B (P<0.05). The number of OMP positive cells had negative correlation with food finding time (r=-0.886, P<0.01). As for the thickness of the olfactory epithelium, the thickness of group B was thinner than that in group A and C, and the difference was statistically significant ((59.57±31.27) μm vs (114.55±40.70)μm vs (90.54±37.72) μm, all P<0.05). Conclusion Olfactory training can accelerate the recovery of olfactory function in 3-MI-induced olfactory impaired mice.

AIM: To understand the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy(DR)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the southern medical treatment combination of Chaoyang District, Beijing, and to analyze the risk factors.

METHODS:A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select 840 residents aged 40 years and older who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus as the target population for the survey from the residents health records of five Community Health Service Centers in the southern medical treatment combination of Chaoyang District, Beijing from November 2016 to November 2017. General patient data, physical examination, blood test results were collected, and all patients underwent dilated fundus examination. The prevalence of DR was calculated and Logistic regression was used to analyze DR risk factors.

RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the southern medical treatment combination of Chaoyang District, Beijing was 35.7%, among which the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe nonproliferative and proliferative diseases was 68.3%, 12.3%, 5.0% and 14.3%, respectively. Age, duration, insulin use, HbA1c and diabetic foot were independent risk factors for DR.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes is higher in the area. When community doctors regularly follow up on diabetic patients, they should not only urge patients to strictly control blood sugar, regularly detect HbA1c, but also pay special attention to younger patients, patients with long course, patients with insulin use and patients with diabetic foot.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic double Endobutton plate internal fixation in the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation.Methods A retrospective case series study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 32 patients with Rockwood type Ⅲ or Ⅴ acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation admitted to Foshan Hospital of TCM from May 2015 to February 2018.There were 26 males and six females,aged 22-56 years [(37.7 ± 1.6)years].There were 22 patients with Rockwood type Ⅲ and 10 patients with type Ⅴ.The duration from injury to operation was 2-5 days.All patients were treated with arthroscopic double Endobutton plate internal fixation for coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction.The operation time,hospitalization time,and postoperative shoulder joint braking time were recorded.The shoulder joint function was evaluated by the Constant-Murley score (CMS),visual analogue scale (VAS),American shoulder and elbow surgeons (ASES) score,University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score and simple shoulder test (SST) before operation and at the last follow-up.Meanwhile,complications such as infection,loosening and joint dislocation were recorded.Results All patients were followed up for 8-48 months [(27.8 ± 11.6) months].The operation time was 48-93 minutes [(65.0 ± 24.6) minutes],the hospitalization time was 3.2-10 days [(6.5 ± 2.6)days],and the postoperative braking time was 21-35.3 days [(28.2 ± 7.1)days].All patients had a grade A healing of surgical incision.The VAS was decreased from preoperative (5.7 ±2.5)points to (1.2 ±0.8)points at the last follow-up (P ＜0.01);CMS wasvincreased from preoperative (29.3 ± 3.4) points to (93.2 ± 2.1) points at the last follow-up (P ＜0.05);ASES score was increased from preoperative (28.9 ± 10.1) points to (95.7 ± 5.6) points at the last follow-up (P ＜ 0.05);UCLA score was improved from preoperative (11.6 ± 2.8) points to (34.2 ±1.5)points at the last follow-up (P ＜0.05);SST score was improved from preoperative (3.5 ±1.2)points to (9.7± 1.4)points at the last follow-up (P ＜ 0.O1).The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications was 16％ (5/32).In two patients,the surgery was changed to U shape fixation circulating the coracoid base due to the coracoidbone tunnel cutting out.One patient was found to have insufficient reduction and received the acromioclavicular joint operation.One patient had reduction loss due to the clavicle button collapsing,and one patient had excessive reduction.Conclusions For Rockwood type Ⅲ or Ⅴ acute acromioclavicular dislocation patients,arthroscopic double Endobutton plates for coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction has the advantages of less intraoperative trauma,quick recovery and satisfactory clinical result.However,the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications is relatively high,and indications should be strictly controlled.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for postoperative deep wound infection after open reduction and internal fixation for closed calcaneal fractures.Methods From January 2014 to January 2017,190 patients with closed calcaneal fracture were treated at Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics,Taihe Hospital.They were 118 males and 72 females with an average of 39.8 years (range,from 18 to 73 years).They were divided into a deep infection group and a non deep infection group according to the presence or absence of deep wound infection in the follow-up period.The 2 groups were compared in the general clinical data.In statistical analysis,the related risk factors were first screened by single factor analysis and followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the independent risk factors associated with the postoperative deep wound infection in patients with closed calcaneal fracture.Results The 190 patients were followed up for an average of 21.3 months(range,from 13 to 31 months).Postoperative deep wound infection occurred in 11 patients,giving an overall incidence of 5.7％ (11 / 190).The single factor analysis showed that the deep infection group incurred significantly longer time for tourniquet and used significantly more conventional extensile lateral approach than the non deep infection group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in general data,injury cause,fracture type,drainage,or incision closure technique (P ＞ 0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that tourniquet time ＞ 80 min (OR=5.949,95％ CI:1.216～ 29.108,P=0.028) and conventional extensile lateral approach (OR =5.414,95％ CI:1.507 ～ 19.452,P =0.01) were independent risk factors fo r the postoperative deep wound infection in patients with closed calcaneal fracture after open reduction and internal fixation.Conclusions Tourniquet time and conventional extensile lateral approach may be the independent risk factors for postoperative deep wound infection in patients with closed calcaneal fracture after open reduction and internal fixation.Therefore,it is important to adopt the sinus tarsi approach and control tourniquet time within 80 minutes for prevention of deep wound infection as long as the surgical quality is ensured.

Objective To survey the current status and training requirement of rural doctors in Hebei province.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among1 200 rural doctors selected from 11 cities of Hebei province by stratified sampling from October to December 2017.The self-designed questionnaire included general condition,job satisfaction,impact of medical reform policies,training needs of rural doctors.Results A total of 1 200 questionnaires were distributed and 1 170 valid ones were retrieved with a recovery rate of 97.5％.Among the 1 170 responders,there were 726 males(62.1％) and 444 females (37.9％);748 (63.9％) were aged more than 40 years;612 (52.3％) hold secondary school degree;826 (70.6％) had been working in the village for more than 10 years,and the overall job satisfaction rate was 30.8％ (360/1 170).Among all responders,73.8％ (864/1 170) worked in the standardized village clinics,and 72.0％ (842/1 170) were contracted with local residents as family doctors;52.8％ (618/1 170) responders believed that the reform policy improved the health care for villagers.In all responders,98％ (1 147/1 170)thought they needed training,93.6％ (1 095/1 170) had received training.The training contents they most needed werethe management of common diseases (904,77.3％),followed by medical humanities(650,55.6％)and first aid knowledge (492,42.1％).The influencing factors for training were lack of time,no energy (656,54.3％),lack of appropriate training forms (510,43.6％),economic reasons (476,40.3％) and so on.Conclusion The working status of rural doctors need to befurther improvedand the training need to be strengthened to increase their job satisfaction.