Objective To investigate the improvement effects of homogeneous fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)in mice.Methods Fifteen C57BL/6N mice were divided into control group,CID model group and CID+FMT group according to the random number distribution and remainder grouping method,with 5 mice per group.Control group received no intervention,and their feces were used to prepare fecal bacteria suspension.CID model group was injected intraperitoneally with fluorouracil(65 mg/kg)for 5 consecutive days to construct the CID mouse model,followed by gavage with 0.1 ml of saline on alternate days.CID+FMT group was given 0.1 ml fecal bacteria suspension gavage on alternate days for one week,followed by intraperitoneal injection of fluorouracil(65 mg/kg)for 5 consecutive days to construct the CID mouse model,with the experiment ending on the 14th day.During the experiment,the mice's food intake and body weight were recorded.At the end of the experiment,the mice were euthanized with deep carbon dioxide anesthesia,and the mice colonic specimens from cecum to anus were collected for hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and histopathological examination.Fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Shannon index,Simpson index and Chao1 algorithm were used to analyze the α-diversity species of the intestinal flora in each group of mice.Similarity analysis(Anosim)was used to perform non-parametric on the inter-group differences of intestinal flora among the mice.Linear discriminate analysis size effect(LEfSe)and nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)were employed to analyze the intestinal dominant flora and the similarity classification relationships in each group of mice.Results The colonic specimen's length from cecum to anus in CID model group was significantly shorter than that in control group(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between CID+FMT group and CID model group(P>0.05).The weight of mice in CID model group decreased by 42.04%,while control group mice gained 10.24%,with a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).The weight of mice in CID+FMT group decreased by 8.12%,which was significantly improved compared to CID model group(P<0.05).HE staining results revealed the intestinal mucosal structure in CID model group was severely damaged,with atrophy and deformation,accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration,and the pathological score was higher than that of control group(P<0.05).Compared with CID model group,the intestinal mucosal integrity and crypt cells in the CID+FMT group were improved,with less damage,and the pathological score was lower than that of CID model group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The α-diversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in the Shannon,Simpson and Chao1 indices among the three groups(P<0.05).ANOSIM and NMDS analysis revealed that the intestinal flora in CID+FMT group was closer to the normal intestinal flora compared to CID model group.LEfSe analysis showed that the intestinal flora in CID model group was enriched in famliy_Bacteroidaceae,and the intestinal flora in CID+FMT group was similar to that of control group,with an enrichenment of familiy_Enterobacteriaceae.Conclusion Homogeneous FMT can improve the abundance of intestinal flora in CID mice,making it more similar to normal intestinal flora,thereby protecting intestinal mucosa,reducing damage and alleviating the severity of CID.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Astragaloside Ⅳ liposomes for influenza A virus infection in mice.Methods Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group(10 mice)and modeling group(40 mice).The modeling group mice were injected with A/PR/8/34(H1N1)influenza virus liquid via nasal drip.The modeling mice were randomly divided into model group,Oseltamivir group,and Astragaloside Ⅳ Liposomes high-and low-dose groups,with 10 mice in each group.The drug was administered by gavage two hours after infection for five days continuously.The appearance of the mice was observed,the body mass,survival condition and lung index as well as viral load in lung were assessed,pathological feature of lung tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining method,and mRNA expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1),macrophage inflammatory protein 1β(MIP-1β),and interferon γ(IFN-γ),CXC chemokine ligand 1(CXCL-1),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-1β in lung tissues were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)method.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to detect the contents of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)and regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted(RANTES)in mouse lung tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,mice in the model group showed significant decrease of body mass,shortened survival time(P＜0.001),significantly increased lung index(P＜0.001),significantly increased viral load in lung(P＜0.001),and significantly increased mRNA expression levels of MIP-1β,IFN-γ,CXCL-1,IL-6,IL-1β and MCP-1 in lung tissue(P＜0.05 or P＜0.001),and the structure destruction of lung tissue could be seen in pathology.Compared with the model group,mice in the Astragaloside Ⅳ liposomes high-dose group showed that the decrease in body mass was slowed down,the survival time and survival rate were higher(P＜0.05),and the lung index was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the viral load in lung was decreased(P＜0.001)and the mRNA expression levels of MIP-1β,IFN-γ,CXCL-1,IL-6,IL-1β and MCP-1 in lung tissue were decreased,and the alveolar structure was relatively intact,and a little connective tissue hyperplasia was seen.Conclusion Astragaloside Ⅳ liposomes can improve the survival time and reduce the viral load of lung tissue in mice with influenza A virus infection,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the expression of inflammatory factors,thus playing an antiviral role.

Objective: To compare the short-term and long-term outcomes between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the right colon. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database identified 288 right colon cancer patients who underwent either robotic-assisted (n=57) or laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy (n=231) between October 2014 and October 2020 at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. There were 161 males and 127 females, aging (60.3±12.8) years (range: 17 to 86 years). After propensity score matching as 1∶4 between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy, there were 56 cases in robotic group and 176 cases in laparoscipic group. Perioperative outcomes and overall survival were compared between the two groups using t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ² test, Fisher exact test, Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test, respectively. Results: The total operative time was similar between the robotic and laparoscopic group ((206.9±60.7) minutes vs. (219.9±56.3) minutes, t=-1.477, P=0.141). Intraoperative bleeding was less in the robotic group (50 (20) ml vs. 50 (50) ml, Z=-4.591, P<0.01), while the number of lymph nodes retrieved was significantly higher (36.0±10.0 vs. 29.0±10.1, t=4.491, P<0.01). Patients in robotic group experienced significantly shorter hospital stay, shorter time to first flatus, and defecation (t: -2.888, -2.946, -2.328, all P<0.05). Moreover, the overall peri-operative complication rate was similar between robotic and laparoscopic group (17.9% vs. 22.7%, χ²=0.596,P=0.465). The 3-year overall survival were 92.9% and 87.9% respectively and the 3-year disease-free survival rates were 83.1% and 82.6% with no statistical significance between the robotic and laparoscopic group (P>0.05). Conclusions: Compared to laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy, robot-assisted right hemicolectomy could improve some short-term clinical outcomes. The two procedures are both achieving comparable survival.
Colectomy ; Colonic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Prognosis ; Propensity Score ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Treatment Outcome

Plants have a memory function for the environmental stress they have suffered. When they are subjected to repeated environmental stress, they can quickly and better activate the response and adaptation mechanism to environmental stress, thus realizing long-term stable reproduction. However, most of the relevant studies are applied to crops and Arabidopsis thaliana rather than medicinal plants about the improvement of plant growth status and the effect on phytoalexin biosynthesis. In this study, yeast extract(YE) was used as an elicitor to simulate biotic stress, and the changes in biomass and the content of some secondary metabolites were measured by giving repeated stresses to Sorbus aucuparia suspension cell(SASC). The results showed that the accumulation levels of biomass and some secondary metabolites in SASC subjected to repeated stress are significantly increased at some time points compared with single stress. A phenomenon that SASC can memorize biotic stress is confirmed in this study and influences phytoalexin accumulation in SASC. Furthermore, the work laid the groundwork for research into the transgenerational stress memory mechanism of medicinal plant.
Cells, Cultured ; Secondary Metabolism ; Sorbus ; Stress, Physiological

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of metformin on liver fat content (LFC) in first episode schizophrenia patients with olanzapine-induced weight gain, and the relationship between the change of LFC and the other metabolic indices. Methods: In a double-blind study, the clinically stable inpatients with first-episode schizophrenia under olanzapine monotherapy who gained more than 7% of their baseline weight were randomly assigned to two groups; one with olanzapine plus metformin (1,000 mg/day) (metformin group) and the other with olanzapine plus placebo (placebo group) for 16 weeks. All patients continued to maintain the original olanzapine dosage. LFC was measured by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and at the end of 16 weeks, respectively. At the same time, glucose and lipid metabolism, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were measured respectively, analyzing the correlation between the change value of LFC and other indicators. Results: Over the 16-week study period, LFC value in metformin group decreased compared with baseline. LFC change across the 16-week treatment period was −2.91% for the metformin group and 0.59% for the placebo group, with a between-group difference of −3.5% (95% confidence interval, −6.08 to −0.93; p = 0.009). Compared to baseline, in the metformin group, triglyceride and HOMA-IR reduced significantly, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly at weeks 16. There was positive correlation between LFC changes and triglycerides, HOMA-IR changes significantly. Conclusion Metformin can significantly attenuate LFC in schizophrenia patients with olanzapine-induced weight gain. It may be related to the improvement of the part of the glucolipid metabolic indices.

Background:Surgical treatment of both-column acetabular fractures is challenging because of the complex acetabular fracture patterns and the curved surface of the acetabulum.Seldom study has compared the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and traditional methods of contouring plates intra-operatively for the surgical treatment of both-column acetabular fractures.We presented the use of both 3D printing technology and a virtual simulation in pre-operative planning for both-column acetabular fractures.We hypothesized that 3D printing technology will assist orthopedic surgeons in shortening the surgical time and improving the clinical outcomes.Methods:Forty patients with both-column acetabular fractures were recruited in the randomized prospective case-control study from September 2013 to September 2017 for this prospective study (No.ChiCTR1900028230).We allocated the patients to two groups using block randomization (3D printing group,n =20;conventional method group,n =20).For the 3D printing group,1:1 scaled pelvic models were created using 3D printing,and the plates were pre-contoured according to the pelvic models.The plates for the conventional method group were contoured during the operation without 3D printed pelvic models.The operation time,instrumentation time,time of intra-operative fluoroscopy,blood loss,number of times the approach was performed,blood transfusion,post-operative fracture reduction quality,hip joint function,and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results:The operation and instrumentation times in the 3D printing group were significantly shorter (130.8 ± 29.2 min,t =-7.5,P ＜ 0.001 and 32.1 ± 9.5 min,t =-6.5,P ＜ 0.001,respectively) than those in the conventional method group.The amount of blood loss and blood transfusion in the 3D printing group were significandy lower (500 [400,800] mL,Mann-Whitney U=74.5,P ＜ 0.001 and 0 [0,400] mL,Mann-Whitney U =59.5,P ＜ 0.001,respectively) than those in the conventional method group.The number of the approach performed in the 3D printing group was significantly smaller than that in the conventional method group (pararectus + Kocher-Langenbeck [K-L] approach rate:35％ vs.85％;X2 =10.4,P ＜ 0.05).The time of intra-operative fluoroscopy in the 3D printing group was significantly shorter than that in the conventional method group (4.2 ± 1.8 vs.7.7 ± 2.6 s;t =-5.0,P ＜ 0.001).The post-operative fracture reduction quality in the 3D printing group was significantly better than that in the conventional method group (good reduction rate:80％ vs.30％;X2 =10.1,P ＜ 0.05).The hip joint function (based on the Harris score 1 year after the operation) in the 3D printing group was significantly better than that in the conventional method group (excellengood rate:75％ vs.30％;x2 =8.1,P ＜ 0.05).The complication was similar in both groups (5.0 ％ vs.25 ％;x2=3.1,P =0.182).Conclusions:The use of a pre-operative virtual simulation and 3D printing technology is a more effective method for treating bothcolumn acetabular fractures.This method can shorten the operation and instrumentation times,reduce Mood loss,blood transfusion and the time of intra-operative fluoroscopy,and improve the post-operative fracture reduction quality.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of capsaicin on the growth of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells transplanted tumour in nude mice and its possible molecular mechanism. Method: Transplanted tumor model of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice were established. Then the tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:model group, and low, medium and high-dose capsaicin groups (5, 10, 20 mg·kg^-1). Mice of low, medium and high-dose capsaicin groups (5, 10, 20 mg·kg^-1) were intraperitoneally injected with the corresponding dose of capsaicin, and the model group was injected with the same volume of phosphate buffer saline (PBS), once every 3 days, for a total of 8 times in succession. Body weight of mice and transplantation tumor volume were measured before each injection of capsaicin. Mice of each group were put to death 24 h after the last administration, and then the tumor volume, mass and the tumor inhibitory rate were calculated. The protein expression levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and Toll-like receptors 4(TLR4) were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Result: No significant difference was observed between each group in body weight. However, compared with the model group, capsaicin (5, 10, 20 mg·kg^-1) remarkably inhibited the tumor volume and mass (P<0.05,P<0.01), and increased the tumor inhibitory rate (P<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. Capsaicin (5, 10, 20 mg·kg^-1) also markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of HMGB1 and TLR4 (P<0.01). Conclusion: Capsaicin remarkably inhibits the growth of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells transplanted tumour in nude mice, and the possible mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of HMGB1 and TLR4 at the protein level.

Objective: To investigate the effect of capsaicin on the migration and invasion of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. Method: Three capsaicin intervention groups of different concentrations (25, 50, 75 μmol·L^-1) and a blank group were set up. After MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of capsaicin (25, 50, 75 μmol·L^-1) for 24 h, the cell migration and invasion abilities were assessed by Transwell migration and invasion assay, respectively. Meanwhile, the mRNA level of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) and DNA polymerase δ catalytic subunit p125 encoding gene POLD1 (POLD1) were detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). The protein levels of SIRT1 and DNA polymerase δ catalytic subunit p125 (p125) were detected by Western blot. Result: Compared with the blank group, the number of transmembrane cells was significantly reduced, and the mobility was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner after the intervention of capsaicin (25, 50, 75 μmol·L^-1) in MCF-7 cells for 24 h. Capsaicin (25, 50, 75 μmol·L^-1) significantly down-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1 (P<0.01) after intervention of capsaicin (25, 50, 75 μmol·L^-1) in MCF-7 cells for 24 h. Furthermore, capsaicin (25, 50, 75 μmol·L^-1) also significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of POLD1 and the protein expression of p125 (P<0.01) after intervention of capsaicin (25, 50, 75 μmol·L^-1) in MCF-7 cells for 24 h. Conclusion: Capsaicin remarkably inhibits the cell migration and invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and the possible mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of SIRT1 and POLD1 mRNA expression levels and SIRT1 and p125 protein expression levels.

Background: Extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) has become a popular procedure for low rectal cancer as compared with abdominoperineal excision (APE). No definitive answer has been achieved whether one is superior to the other. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ELAPE for low rectal cancer with meta-analysis. Methods: The Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed databases before September 2019 were comprehensively searched to retrieve comparative trials of ELAPE and APE for low rectal cancer. Pooled analyses of the perioperative variables, surgical complications, and oncological variables were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and mean differences (MD) from each trial were pooled using random or fixed effects model depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies. A subgroup analysis or a sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the potential source of heterogeneity when necessary. Results: This meta-analysis included 17 studies with 4049 patients, of whom 2248 (55.5%) underwent ELAPE and 1801 (44.5%) underwent APE. There were no statistical differences regarding the circumferential resection margin positivity (13.0% vs. 16.2%, OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.42-1.14, P = 0.15) and post-operative perineal wound complication rate (28.9% vs. 24.1%, OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.75-1.94, P= 0.43). The ELAPE was associated with lower rate of intraoperative perforation (6.6% vs. 11.3%, OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.39-0.64, P < 0.001) and local recurrence (8.8% vs. 20.5%, OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.21-0.41, P < 0.001) when compared with APE. Conclusions The ELAPE was associated with a reduction in the rate of intra-operative perforation and local recurrence, without any increase in the circumferential resection margin positivity and post-operative perineal wound complication rate when compared with APE in the surgical treatment of low rectal cancer.