This study aims to explore the protective effect of Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction on rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction, and to clarify its possible mechanisms, providing a new basis for basic research on the mechanism of classic Chinese medicinal formula-mediated inflammatory response in preventing and treating heart failure induced by apoptosis after myocardial infarction. A heart failure model after myocardial infarction was established in rats by coronary artery ligation. The rats were divided into sham group, model group, and low, medium, and high-dose groups of Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction, with 10 rats in each group. The low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose groups of Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction were given 6.3, 12.6, and 25.2 g·kg~(-1) doses by gavage, respectively. The sham group and model group were given an equal volume of distilled water by gavage once daily for four consecutive weeks. Cardiac function was assessed using color Doppler echocardiography. Myocardial pathology was detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay, and mitophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-1β, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expression of apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), and cleaved caspase-3 was detected by Western blot. Additionally, the expression of phosphorylated nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB) p65(p-NF-κB p65)(upstream) and nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor alpha(IκBα)(downstream) in the NF-κB signaling pathway was assessed by Western blot. The results showed that compared with the sham group, left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular short axis shortening(LVFS) in the model group were significantly reduced, while left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD) and left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD) increased significantly. Myocardial tissue damage was severe, with widened intercellular spaces and disorganized cell arrangement. The apoptosis rate was increased, and mitochondria were enlarged with increased vacuoles. Levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NT-proBNP were elevated, indicating an obvious inflammatory response. The expression of pro-apoptotic factors Bax and cleaved caspase-3 increased, while the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 decreased. The expression of p-NF-κB p65 was upregulated, and the expression of IκBα was downregulated. In contrast, the Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction groups showed significantly improved of LVEF, LVFS and decreased LVEDD, LVESD compared to the model group. Myocardial tissue damage was alleviated, and intercellular spaces were reduced. The apoptosis rate decreased, mitochondrial volume decreased, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NT-proBNP were lower. The expression of pro-apoptotic factors Bax and cleaved caspase-3 decreased, while the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 increased. Additionally, the expression of p-NF-κB p65 decreased, while IκBα expression increased. In summary, this experimental study shows that Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction can reduce the inflammatory response and apoptosis rate in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction, which may be related to the regulation of the IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Rats ; Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology* ; Male ; NF-kappa B/genetics* ; Heart Failure/etiology* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha/genetics* ; Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics*

A new multifunctional fluorescent"turn-on"biosensor was constructed based on a guanine-rich hairpin probe and G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme.The probe was labeled with quencher and fluorescein at 5′and 3′terminus,respectively.In the absence of the target,the probe form hairpin structure and the fluorescence of the fluorescein was quenched by the quencher.However,in the presence of the target,the hairpin structure transformed to G-quadruplex and the fluorescence was recovered.By monitoring the fluorescence of the probe before and after combining with the target,both hemin and hemoglobin were detected rapidly and conveniently with high sensitivity.The limit of detection for hemin and hemoglobin were estimated to be 283 pmol/L and 109 pmol/L,respectively.The specific interaction between the DNA probe and hemin were investigated via absorption and fluorescence spectra.Furthermore,L-cysteine was detected with naked eyes based on the peroxidase-like activity of the new G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme.The limit of detection for L-cysteine was estimated to be 3.6 μmol/L,which was lower than the normal level of intracellular L-cysteine(30-200 μmol/L).The method developed here was rapid,simple and sensitive for detection of hemin,hemoglobin and L-cysteine,demonstrating great potential in bioanalysis,drug screening,and disease diagnosis.

Objective:To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of the equity,accessibility and sustainability of the development of medical insurance for urban and rural residents in 2021,and provide a reference for improving the management and service level of medical insurance.Methods:Firstly,the"evaluation index system of medical insurance for urban and rural residents"was constructed,and the total index of the development level of medical insurance and its three subsystem indexes of equity,accessibility and sustainability were calculated.Secondly,the Theil index was used to measure the level differences of the three major regions in the east,central and west,and the spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity distribution pattern of the total index.Finally,a geographic weighted regression model was constructed to analyze the main influencing factors.Results:There were provincial differences in the development level of medical insurance,which showed a decreasing trend from east to west in geography and a random distribution pattern in space.Policy factors,economic factors,population structure,medical resource allocation and education level had a significant impact on the development level of medical insurance.Conclusions:It is proposed to promote the fairness at multiple levels,enhance the accessibility in all directions and dynamically improve the sustainability,and further explore the policy suggestions to improve the management and service level and enhance the residents'sense of experience,sense of gain and sense of happiness.

Objective:To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of the equity,accessibility and sustainability of the development of medical insurance for urban and rural residents in 2021,and provide a reference for improving the management and service level of medical insurance.Methods:Firstly,the"evaluation index system of medical insurance for urban and rural residents"was constructed,and the total index of the development level of medical insurance and its three subsystem indexes of equity,accessibility and sustainability were calculated.Secondly,the Theil index was used to measure the level differences of the three major regions in the east,central and west,and the spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity distribution pattern of the total index.Finally,a geographic weighted regression model was constructed to analyze the main influencing factors.Results:There were provincial differences in the development level of medical insurance,which showed a decreasing trend from east to west in geography and a random distribution pattern in space.Policy factors,economic factors,population structure,medical resource allocation and education level had a significant impact on the development level of medical insurance.Conclusions:It is proposed to promote the fairness at multiple levels,enhance the accessibility in all directions and dynamically improve the sustainability,and further explore the policy suggestions to improve the management and service level and enhance the residents'sense of experience,sense of gain and sense of happiness.

Objective:To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of the equity,accessibility and sustainability of the development of medical insurance for urban and rural residents in 2021,and provide a reference for improving the management and service level of medical insurance.Methods:Firstly,the"evaluation index system of medical insurance for urban and rural residents"was constructed,and the total index of the development level of medical insurance and its three subsystem indexes of equity,accessibility and sustainability were calculated.Secondly,the Theil index was used to measure the level differences of the three major regions in the east,central and west,and the spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity distribution pattern of the total index.Finally,a geographic weighted regression model was constructed to analyze the main influencing factors.Results:There were provincial differences in the development level of medical insurance,which showed a decreasing trend from east to west in geography and a random distribution pattern in space.Policy factors,economic factors,population structure,medical resource allocation and education level had a significant impact on the development level of medical insurance.Conclusions:It is proposed to promote the fairness at multiple levels,enhance the accessibility in all directions and dynamically improve the sustainability,and further explore the policy suggestions to improve the management and service level and enhance the residents'sense of experience,sense of gain and sense of happiness.

Objective:To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of the equity,accessibility and sustainability of the development of medical insurance for urban and rural residents in 2021,and provide a reference for improving the management and service level of medical insurance.Methods:Firstly,the"evaluation index system of medical insurance for urban and rural residents"was constructed,and the total index of the development level of medical insurance and its three subsystem indexes of equity,accessibility and sustainability were calculated.Secondly,the Theil index was used to measure the level differences of the three major regions in the east,central and west,and the spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity distribution pattern of the total index.Finally,a geographic weighted regression model was constructed to analyze the main influencing factors.Results:There were provincial differences in the development level of medical insurance,which showed a decreasing trend from east to west in geography and a random distribution pattern in space.Policy factors,economic factors,population structure,medical resource allocation and education level had a significant impact on the development level of medical insurance.Conclusions:It is proposed to promote the fairness at multiple levels,enhance the accessibility in all directions and dynamically improve the sustainability,and further explore the policy suggestions to improve the management and service level and enhance the residents'sense of experience,sense of gain and sense of happiness.

Objective:To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of the equity,accessibility and sustainability of the development of medical insurance for urban and rural residents in 2021,and provide a reference for improving the management and service level of medical insurance.Methods:Firstly,the"evaluation index system of medical insurance for urban and rural residents"was constructed,and the total index of the development level of medical insurance and its three subsystem indexes of equity,accessibility and sustainability were calculated.Secondly,the Theil index was used to measure the level differences of the three major regions in the east,central and west,and the spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity distribution pattern of the total index.Finally,a geographic weighted regression model was constructed to analyze the main influencing factors.Results:There were provincial differences in the development level of medical insurance,which showed a decreasing trend from east to west in geography and a random distribution pattern in space.Policy factors,economic factors,population structure,medical resource allocation and education level had a significant impact on the development level of medical insurance.Conclusions:It is proposed to promote the fairness at multiple levels,enhance the accessibility in all directions and dynamically improve the sustainability,and further explore the policy suggestions to improve the management and service level and enhance the residents'sense of experience,sense of gain and sense of happiness.

Objective:To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of the equity,accessibility and sustainability of the development of medical insurance for urban and rural residents in 2021,and provide a reference for improving the management and service level of medical insurance.Methods:Firstly,the"evaluation index system of medical insurance for urban and rural residents"was constructed,and the total index of the development level of medical insurance and its three subsystem indexes of equity,accessibility and sustainability were calculated.Secondly,the Theil index was used to measure the level differences of the three major regions in the east,central and west,and the spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity distribution pattern of the total index.Finally,a geographic weighted regression model was constructed to analyze the main influencing factors.Results:There were provincial differences in the development level of medical insurance,which showed a decreasing trend from east to west in geography and a random distribution pattern in space.Policy factors,economic factors,population structure,medical resource allocation and education level had a significant impact on the development level of medical insurance.Conclusions:It is proposed to promote the fairness at multiple levels,enhance the accessibility in all directions and dynamically improve the sustainability,and further explore the policy suggestions to improve the management and service level and enhance the residents'sense of experience,sense of gain and sense of happiness.

Objective:To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of the equity,accessibility and sustainability of the development of medical insurance for urban and rural residents in 2021,and provide a reference for improving the management and service level of medical insurance.Methods:Firstly,the"evaluation index system of medical insurance for urban and rural residents"was constructed,and the total index of the development level of medical insurance and its three subsystem indexes of equity,accessibility and sustainability were calculated.Secondly,the Theil index was used to measure the level differences of the three major regions in the east,central and west,and the spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity distribution pattern of the total index.Finally,a geographic weighted regression model was constructed to analyze the main influencing factors.Results:There were provincial differences in the development level of medical insurance,which showed a decreasing trend from east to west in geography and a random distribution pattern in space.Policy factors,economic factors,population structure,medical resource allocation and education level had a significant impact on the development level of medical insurance.Conclusions:It is proposed to promote the fairness at multiple levels,enhance the accessibility in all directions and dynamically improve the sustainability,and further explore the policy suggestions to improve the management and service level and enhance the residents'sense of experience,sense of gain and sense of happiness.

Objective:To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of the equity,accessibility and sustainability of the development of medical insurance for urban and rural residents in 2021,and provide a reference for improving the management and service level of medical insurance.Methods:Firstly,the"evaluation index system of medical insurance for urban and rural residents"was constructed,and the total index of the development level of medical insurance and its three subsystem indexes of equity,accessibility and sustainability were calculated.Secondly,the Theil index was used to measure the level differences of the three major regions in the east,central and west,and the spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity distribution pattern of the total index.Finally,a geographic weighted regression model was constructed to analyze the main influencing factors.Results:There were provincial differences in the development level of medical insurance,which showed a decreasing trend from east to west in geography and a random distribution pattern in space.Policy factors,economic factors,population structure,medical resource allocation and education level had a significant impact on the development level of medical insurance.Conclusions:It is proposed to promote the fairness at multiple levels,enhance the accessibility in all directions and dynamically improve the sustainability,and further explore the policy suggestions to improve the management and service level and enhance the residents'sense of experience,sense of gain and sense of happiness.