The recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) can be used for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) preparation before ¹³¹I therapy, and follow-up. Since its approval by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998, rhTSH has been clinically used in European countries, the United States, and other countries for nearly 30 years. In April 2024, China’s first independently developed rhTSH agent was approved. Based on clinical experience and evidence from domestic and international studies, an expert consensus on the application of rhTSH has been developed following thorough consultations among experts. The consensus offers evidence-based recommendations to guide the appropriate use of rhTSH in clinical practice.

The water-sediment interface is an important zone for the migration and transformation of chemical substances,but traditional sampling methods make in situ sampling challenging,thus it is difficult to capture information on environmental processes at the micro-scale.In this study,diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT)probe technique was used as in situ tool to detect 18 kinds of typical per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in the water-sediment system,elucidating their vertical distribution characteristics and patterns.The results showed that different PFAS exhibited distinct variation patterns with depth in water and sediment.Short-chain PFAS exhibited greater mobility,while the migration of long-chain PFAS was restricted in sediment and pore water due to their strong hydrophobicity and adsorption capacity,resulting in relatively small concentration changes in the sediment column.The PFAS concentrations measured by DGT ranged from 11.2 μg/L to 1305 μg/L.For long-chain PFAS,the concentrations measured by DGT were higher than those obtained from direct measurement of water and pore water,while the opposite results were obtained for short-chain PFAS.The DGT results indicated that although long-chain PFAS exhibited strong adsorption to sediment particles,the adsorbed PFAS were still bioavailable.DGT probe technique,with its advantages of in situ sampling and high spatial resolution,provides deep insights into the complex environmental processes occurring at the microscale in the water-sediment systems.DGT offers important technical support and scientific evidence for assessing the adsorption-desorption behavior,bioavailability,and ecological risks of these emerging pollutants in aquatic environment.

A sandglass ladder residual network(SLRN)is proposed for multi-label chest X-ray classification,thereby improving the accuracy of clinical diagnosis.SLRN consists of 3 key modules:(1)a sandglass convolutional module to simultaneously extract inter-channel and spatial information;(2)a ladder self attention block to achieve different window divisions through shift operations,expand the receptive field,and realize multi-scale feature extraction and fusion;(3)class specific residual attention in the multi-label classification stage to capture the correlation between different labels and the importance of features for accomplishing more accurate classification by adjusting the weights of different features.The proposed model is validated using the IU X-Ray dataset collected by Indiana University and the publicly available Chest X-Ray14 dataset collected by the National Institutes of Health in the United States;and the results demonstrate that SLRN which combines the advantages of convolutional neural network and vision transformer enables the capture of local features and global correlations in images,better handles long-distance dependencies,and assists doctors in clinical diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the development of effective treatment approaches. Developing synergistic therapy can provide a highly promising strategy for anti-cancer treatment through combining the benefits of various mechanisms. METHODS: In this study, we developed a synergistic strategy for chemo-photothermal therapy by constructing nanocomposites using gold nanorods (GNRs) and tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNA) loaded with the anti-tumor drug doxorubicin (DOX). RESULTS: Our in vitro studies have systematically clarified the anti-cancer behaviors of tFNA-DOX@GNR nanocomposites, characterized by their enhanced cellular uptake and proficient lysosomal escape capabilities. It was found that the key role of tFNA-DOX@GNR nanocomposites in tumor ablation is primarily due to their capacity to induce cytotoxicity in tumor cells via a photothermal effect, which generates instantaneous high temperatures. This mechanism introduces various responses in tumor cells, facilitated by the thermal effect and the integrated chemotherapeutic action of DOX. These reactions include the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, characterized by elevated reactive oxygen species levels, the promotion of apoptotic cell death, and the suppression of tumor cell proliferation. CONCLUSION This work exhibits the potential of synergistic therapy utilizing nanocomposites for cancer treatment and offers a promising avenue for future therapeutic strategies.
Doxorubicin/chemistry* ; Gold/chemistry* ; Nanotubes/chemistry* ; Humans ; Nanocomposites/chemistry* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Nucleic Acids/chemistry* ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology* ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage*

Objectives:This study aims to evaluate the causal relationship between plasma proteins and myocardial infarction(MI)using two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis,identify key biomarkers,and validate their expression.Methods:The study utilized publicly available genome-wide association study(GWAS)data of 4 907 plasma proteins as the exposure factor,with single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)as instrumental variables,and four MI datasets as outcomes.Two-sample MR analysis was performed using the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method,complemented by simple model,weighted model,weighted median estimator(WME),and MR-Egger regression methods to assess the causal relationship between exposure factors and outcomes.Venn diagrams and word clouds were used to screen proteins associated with MI as candidate biomarkers.Reverse MR analysis was conducted to evaluate reverse causality.Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of the results.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was used to validate the expression of proteasome activator subunit 1(PSME1)and vacuolar protein sorting 29(VPS29)in the aorta of mice,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to verify the expression of PSME1 and VPS29 in plasma from patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Results:The two-sample MR analysis indicated that PSME1 was significantly negatively associated with myocardial infarction in all four datasets,with OR(95%CI)of 0.684(0.557-0.839),0.990(0.987-0.993),0.579(0.448-0.748),and 0.993(0.990-0.996),respectively,with all P<0.001.Similarly,VPS29 also showed a significant negative association with MI in all four datasets,with OR(95%CI)of 0.902(0.862-0.945),0.998(0.997-0.999),0.866(0.808-0.929),and 0.998(0.997-0.999),respectively,with all P<0.001.Reverse MR analysis did not detect reverse causality,and sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results.IHC results showed significantly reduced expression of PSME1 and VPS29 in the aortas of AMI mice with an atherosclerotic background compared to control mice(both P<0.05).ELISA results indicated significantly lower plasma levels of PSME1 and VPS29 in AMI patients compared to healthy controls(both P<0.05).Conclusions:Higher levels of PSME1 and VPS29 are negatively associated with the risk of MI,suggesting that PSME1 and VPS29 may serve as protective biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases.

A sandglass ladder residual network(SLRN)is proposed for multi-label chest X-ray classification,thereby improving the accuracy of clinical diagnosis.SLRN consists of 3 key modules:(1)a sandglass convolutional module to simultaneously extract inter-channel and spatial information;(2)a ladder self attention block to achieve different window divisions through shift operations,expand the receptive field,and realize multi-scale feature extraction and fusion;(3)class specific residual attention in the multi-label classification stage to capture the correlation between different labels and the importance of features for accomplishing more accurate classification by adjusting the weights of different features.The proposed model is validated using the IU X-Ray dataset collected by Indiana University and the publicly available Chest X-Ray14 dataset collected by the National Institutes of Health in the United States;and the results demonstrate that SLRN which combines the advantages of convolutional neural network and vision transformer enables the capture of local features and global correlations in images,better handles long-distance dependencies,and assists doctors in clinical diagnosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis in humans and animals. Mtb invades the host′s lungs via airborne transmission, infects macrophages and causes tuberculosis. In some cases, the infection can spread to other tissues and organs. Despite the availability of several drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis, the emergence of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis has led to high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for researchers to develop new anti-tuberculosis drugs that can treat tuberculosis more efficiently. Recent studies have shown that the virulence factors of Mtb play a crucial role in its pathogenicity. These factors primarily include secreted proteins, transcription factors, proteases, stress response proteins, metabolism-associated proteins, and cell-surface components. By evading the host′s immune surveillance through mechanisms such as anti-oxidative stress, regulating nutrient synthesis and metabolism, and modulating host cells apoptosis, Mtb is able to achieve long-term survival and spread with in the host. Understanding the mechanisms of Mtb virulence factors can provide new directions for targeted tuberculosis therapy. Therefore, knowledge of these virulence factors is essential for the development of new vaccines and anti-tuberculosis drugs. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress in the virulence factors of Mtb to provide a reference for targeted treatment of tuberculosis.

Objective To establish an expert consensus on the management of mini-midline catheters(hereinafter referred to as the'consensus')to guide nurses in standardizing the insertion and maintenance of mini-midline catheters.Methods Evidence was systematically retrieved,scientifically evaluated,and synthesized using evidence-based methods to draft the initial version of the consensus.From December 2023 to July 2024,totally 2 rounds of expert correspondence and 2 rounds of expert panel discussions were conducted to revise the content,resulting in the final version.Results There were 17 experts from tertiary A general hospitals in Beijing,Shanghai,Hunan,Hubei,Sichuan,Jiangsu,Hainan,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and Shandong participating in the consultation,with a 100％response rate.In the 2 rounds of expert correspondence,the authority coefficients were 0.947 and 0.962,respectively.The mean importance scores of all items exceeded 4.00 points.The coefficients of variation(CV)were 0-0.32(first round)and 0-0.15(second round).Kendall's concordance coefficients were 0.097 and 0.101(both P＜0.001).The consensus covers 11 sections,including definition,indications,contraindications,qualification training,pre-insertion preparation,catheter insertion,catheter use,catheter maintenance,catheter removal,prevention and management of common complications,and health education.Conclusion The Consensus demonstrates scientific rigor and comprehensively addresses key procedures before,during,and after the insertion of mini-midline catheters,providing actionable guidance for nurses in catheter insertion and maintenance.

AIM:To explore the clinical significance of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1)in colorectal can-cer and to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of diosgenin glucoside on the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells.METHODS:The expression of SCD1 in colorectal cancer tissues was assessed using qPCR and Western blot,and its cor-relation with clinical features was analyzed.The impact of diosgenin glucoside on the viability of SW620 and HCT116 cells was measured using the CCK-8 assay,and the proliferation was further investigated through cell cloning experiments.Ad-ditionally,the effects of diosgenin glucoside on apoptosis-related genes and SCD1 were evaluated by qPCR and Western blot.Molecular docking was employed to analyze the binding site and binding energy between diosgenin glucoside and SCD1.RESULTS:(1)Both SCD1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues,with an 88%positive rate.And SCD1 mRNA expression correlated with cancer type and clinical stage.(2)Diosgenin glucoside de-creased the viability and cloning ability of SW620 and HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner.(3)Diosgenin gluco-side upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of pro-apoptotic proteins caspase-3 and Bax in a dose-dependent man-ner,while it downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.(4)Diosgenin glucoside reduced the mRNA and protein expression of SCD1 in a dose-dependent manner and bound to SCD1 via hydrogen and con-jugated bonds with a binding energy of-7.7 kcal/mol.CONCLUSION:(1)SCD1 is closely associated with the type and clinical stage of colorectal cancer.(2)The reduction in viability and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by diosgenin glucoside may be attributed to its binding to SCD1,which lowers its expression and promotes apoptosis.

Aim To clarify the mechanism by which Qishen Yixin Granules improved microcirculation vas-cular endothelial dysfunction(VED)in mice,through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to regulate oxidative stress.Methods C57 mice were randomly divided into six groups:blank group,model group,pos-itive drug group,and low-,medium-,and high-dose groups of Qishen Yixin Granules.The VED model was established by long-term infusion of Ang Ⅱ combined with a high-fat diet.Each treatment group received the corresponding drug intervention.After four weeks of drug intervention,cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography.Carstairs staining was used to ob-serve the formation of microthrombi in myocardial tis-sue.The micro vascular ischemia was evaluated by Hei-denhain staining.The ultrastructure of endothelial cells was observed by electron microscopy.The levels of EMPs,ROS,NO,ET-1,TF,TM,VWF,and TXA2 in serum were measured by ELISA.The expression levels of MDA,SOD,and GSH-Px in mouse heart tissue were determined by chemical methods.Cardiac microvascu-lar density and the expression of Nrf2,Keap1,and HO-1 proteins were detected by Immunohistochemical stai-ning.The protein expressions of Keap1,cytoplasmic Nrf2,nuclear Nrf2,and HO-1 in myocardial tissue were detected by Western blot.Results Qishen Yixin Granules could effectively improve the cardiac function of mice,alleviate the damage of endothelial cells and endothelial function.They could up-regulate serum NO levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px,while down-regulating the expression of ROS and vascular inflammatory injury factors such as ET-1,VWF,TXA2,TF,TM,and EMPs.Qishen Yixin Granules also increased the positive counts of CD34,Nrf2,and HO-1,as well as microvessel density.Fur-thermore,they inhibited the expression of MDA,Keap1,and cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein in myocardial tis-sue,while increasing the expression of nuclear proteins HO-1 and Nrf2.Conclusions Qishen Yixin Granules may inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory response by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,thereby improving vascular endothelial damage and cardiac function in VED mice.