Objective To explore the common features of Chinese ethnic groups.Methods Eight body indexes of 62 ethnic groups in China were analyzed.Results The cluster analysis showed that 52 males and 59 females ethnic groups were grouped into the mixed group dominated by the northern ethnic group and the mixed group dominated by the southern ethnic group.Eight Han ethnic groups were grouped into each group,but no Han group was aggregated.The result of body index classification showed that the main body types of Chinese male population were long trunk,middle chest,wide shoulder,wide pelvis and middle leg.Middle body,wide chest,wide shoulder,wide pelvis and middle leg were the main body types of Chinese female population.This showed that the characteristics of Chinese ethnic groups had obvious consistency.The consistency of Chinese group features was related to its close origin.It should be said that Han nationality played an important role in the process of communication and integration of various ethnic groups in China.In the history of the Han nationality,there had been many large-scale population migration.The southern movement of the northern ethnic minorities into the northern Han and the southward movement of the northern Han into the south promoted the formation of the Southern Han,which made the southern Han and the northern Han had similar body features,and also promoted the southern ethnic minorities into the southern Han.In addition,the Han nationality who moved into minority areas also gradually integrated into minority areas.Conclusion There are obvious commonalities in Chinese ethnic groups.

The advantages of fluorescence detection of uric acid were introduced compared to the traditional detection methods.The preparation process,detection principle and performance of organic,inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid fluorescent probes were reviewed.The advantages and disadvantages of kinds of fluorescent probes were analyzed when used for uric acid detection,and the futural directions were pointed out for related research.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(6):93-104]

The aim of this study was to clarify the genetic diversity and population history of Ixodes persulcatus in some ar-eas of Inner Mongolia in order to provide accurate data for effective vector control programs and reveal the transmission mecha-nism.Samples were collected in 10 areas of Inner Mongolia during the active tick season(April 2021-July 2023)using the flag-dragging and manual sampling methods.The 16S rRNA and COI gene were sequenced to clarify genetic diversity of I.per-sulcatus.The positivity rates for the COI gene and 16S rRNA were 90.00％and 98.33％respectively.Overall,18 and 15 haplotypes were identified for the COI gene and 16S rRNA,respectively,with a total haplotype diversity＞0.762 and total nucleotide diversity＜0.005.The Tajima's values and Fu's Fs were negative for significance.A nucleotide mismatch map was shown as a single peak.The genetic differentiation index FST of the population indicates a small degree of genetic differ-entiation of the population,while analysis of molecular vari-ance indicates that the variation within populations was greater than between populations.Phylogenetic tree and haplotype network plots showed confounding distributions between hap-lotypes.I.persulcatus from the Hinggan League and Hulun-buir regions can adapt to environmental changes and possess abundant genetic diversity.Genetic differentiation is mainly concentrated within the population and no geographical isolation was observed.

Purpose To predict the 2015 American thyroid association(ATA)recurrence risk stratification based on ultrasonographic features and Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT)-specific antibody status of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)in the context of HT.Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the ultrasonographic and clinical data of 479 patients with coexisting PTC and HT,who underwent their first thyroid surgery at the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019.All patients were divided in chronological order into a training group(n=327)and a validation group(n=152).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify independent factors associated with high recurrence risk stratification according to the ATA guidelines.Predictive models were constructed and screened,and the efficacy of these models was evaluated using the area under the curve,calibration curves and Brier scores.Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified the following as independent predictive factors for high recurrence risk stratification:multifocal malignancy of nodules(OR=3.812,95％CI 1.275-11.397,P=0.017),nodule contact with the capsule(OR=8.012,95％CI 1.647-38.972,P=0.010),microcalcifications(OR=4.220,95％CI 1.302-13.678,P=0.016),an aspect ratio＞1(OR=4.017,95％CI 1.286-12.548,P=0.017),abundant nodule vascularity(OR=6.120,95％CI 2.225-16.832,P＜0.001),maximum nodule diameter ≥1 cm(OR=4.784,95％CI 1.360-16.833,P=0.015),a glandular echo characteristic of typical HT(OR=0.114,95％CI 0.039-0.330,P＜0.001),and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody monopositivity(OR=0.088,95％CI 0.006-1.299,P=0.077).The predictive model demonstrated strong performance,as evidenced by the area under the curve of 0.942(95％CI 0.911-0.972)in the training set and 0.933(95％CI 0.878-0.990)in the validation set.Both groups exhibited well-fitting calibration curves.The Brier scores were 0.054 and 0.058 for the training and validation sets,respectively,indicating excellent predictive efficacy of the model.Conclusion The preoperative prediction model,based on ultrasonographic features combined with antibody status,demonstrates good efficacy in assessing ATA recurrence risk stratification for coexisting PTC and HT patients,which can assist clinicians in formulating treatment plans.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective To construct an intervention programme for breastfeeding among mothers of infants with congenital heart disease and to verify its effect.Methods Taking the capability-opportunity-motivation-behaviour model as the theoretical basis,the first draft of the intervention programme was formed through literature search and semi-structured interviews,and 8 experts in the relevant fields were selected to conduct expert validation and determine the content of the program.By the consecutive sampling method,infants and their mothers who attended the cardiothoracic disease clinic of a tertiary-level children's specialist hospital in Shanghai from 4 May to 24 June 2023,with a day-old age of≤14 d and a confirmed diagnosis of CHD,were selected as the study subjects.They were divided into an experimental group and a control group,with 16 cases in each group,by the method of randomized grouping by district.The experimental group received breastfeeding intervention for mothers of infants with CHD on the basis of routine care;the control group received routine care and basic disease education and breastfeeding counselling.At 1 and 3 months of the infants with CHD,the 2 groups were compared in terms of exclusive breastfeeding rate,daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds,weight for age Z-score and height for age Z-score.Results A total of 1 round of expert validation was conducted,with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 100％and an expert authority coefficient of 0.94.The breastfeeding intervention programme for mothers of infants with CHD is a comprehensive approach that encompasses 3 key dimensions,including capability,opportunity,and motivation.The programme is designed to enhance mothers'ability to recognize feeding signals,master breastfeeding techniques,and maintain successful breastfeeding practices.It also addresses common breastfeeding challenges and provides effective solutions.Additionally,it includes strategies for breastmilk management and fosters family support for breastfeeding.The programme offers medical information support on breastfeeding and aims to elevate mothers'understanding of its benefits.It involves systematic monitoring and recording of breastfeeding volumes,as well as thorough assessments and guidance on infant growth and development,including but not limited to the 10 specific entries related to the infant's progress.The results of the generalized estimating equations and repeated measures analysis of variance revealed statistically significant between-group differences(P＜0.05)in the rates of exclusive breastfeeding,the proportion of daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds,and the weight-for-age(WAZ)and height-for-age(HAZ)z-scores of infants across the 2 groups at various time points.The results of simple effect analysis showed that the differences in exclusive breastfeeding rate,the proportion of daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds,WAZ and HAZ between the 2 groups before intervention were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).At the age of 3 months of the infants after the intervention,the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.003).The proportion of daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds for infants in the intervention group at 1 and 3 months of age was higher than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).At 3 months of age,WAZ of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.037);HAZ of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at 1 and 3 months of age after intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The breastfeeding intervention programme for mothers of infants with CHD,constructed on the basis of the COM-B model in this study,was comprehensive,feasible and acceptable.Implementation of the programme has potential positive effects on increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates and the daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds,and may also have a positive impact on WAZ and HAZ of infants.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the emergency response and long-term intervention effects after the detection of infectious snails epidemic by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays in Hannan District, Wuhan City, and to explore the application of LAMP in early surveillance and early-warning of schistosomiasis transmission. Methods Snails picked up by the risk monitoring system in Hannan District were examined by anatomical microscopy and LAMP technology to identify the schistosomiasis infection. Emergency response and intensive intervention were initiated in the environment where positive snails appeared, and the long-term effects were evaluated. Results In May 2018, the infectious snails were detected by LAMP technology in Hannan District, and the positive snails were located in Zhujiacha, Dongzhuang Village, Obstacles and weeds were removed and buried by machine in Zhujiacha. 12 700 m2 of snails were killed by drugs, and the mortality rate of snails was more than 80%; no new seropositive persons were found in the emergency examination within 500 m of the positive snail sites. 506 people were examined in Dong Zhuang Village at the end of the year, and 30 positive IHA cases were detected with a blood positive rate of 5.93%, no positive fecal test was found, and all positive blood test patients took preventive medication. The monitoring results of sentinel rats and wild feces were all negative. Health education was carried out, 7 warning signs were deployed and refreshed, and 500 publicity brochures were distributed. After nearly three years of intensified intervention and monitoring in the villages where the positive environment is located, and the density of snails on the stubborn snail has dropped from 0.094/frame to 0.027/frame, and the positive rate of blood test in Dongzhuang Village has steadily dropped from 5.93% to 3.74%. Conclusions The infected snails missed by microscopy were detected by LAMP in Hannan District, which created conditions for the rapid emergency treatment of environment and elimination of positive snail and improved the sensitivity of the surveillance and early warning system in transmission-interrupted areas.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative electroacupuncture (EA) intervention on postoperative urination function in patients with mixed hemorrhoid surgery. METHODS: A total of 240 patients with mixed hemorrhoid surgery under lumbar anesthesia were randomly divided into an EA preconditioning group (group A, 60 cases, 9 cases dropped off), an intraoperative EA group (group B, 60 cases, 4 cases dropped off), a postoperative EA group (group C, 60 cases, 6 cases dropped off), and a non-acupuncture group (group D, 60 cases, 3 cases dropped off). In the groups A, B and C, EA was exerted at Zhongliao (BL 33) and Huiyang (BL 35) , with disperse-dense wave, 4 Hz/20 Hz in frequency, and lasting 30 min, at 30 min before lumbar anesthesia, immediately after lumbar anesthesia and 6 h after surgery, respectively. No EA intervention was performed in the group D. The postoperative urination smoothness score in each group was observed 24 h after surgery. The first urination time, first urination volume, urine residual volume after first urination were recorded, and incidence of indwelling catheterization, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, number of remedial analgesia, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were observed in each group. RESULTS: In the groups A, B and C, the postoperative urination smoothness scores were superior to the group D (P<0.05), and the time of first urination was earlier than the group D (P<0.05). In the group C, the time of first urination was earlier than the group A and the group B (P<0.05), the first urination volume was higher than the group D (P<0.05), and the urine residual volume after first urination was lower than the group D (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of indwelling catheterization and postoperative nausea and vomiting among the 4 groups (P>0.05). The VAS scores of the group A, B and C were lower than that in the group D (P<0.05), and the number of remedial analgesia cases was lower than that in the group D (P<0.05). CONCLUSION EA intervention could promote the recovery of urination function and relieve postoperative pain in patients with mixed hemorrhoids surgery. Early postoperative EA intervention is more conducive to the recovery of urination function.
Humans ; Electroacupuncture ; Hemorrhoids/surgery* ; Urination ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Acupuncture Points

Objective: To assess the cardiovascular health status of adults in China by using the "Life's Essential 8" score, and provide reference for the development and improvement of cardiovascular disease prevention and control policies and measures. Methods: Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance was conducted in 298 counties/districts in 2015 in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) across China, multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 45 households in each village or neighborhood, and 20 households were further selected to conduct dietary surveys. In this study, a total of 70 093 adults aged ≥20 years who completed the dietary survey and had complete information were included, their cardiovascular health status were assessed by using the "Life's Essential 8" score, a cardiovascular health scoring standard released by the American Heart Association in 2022. All results were adjusted using complex design-based sampling weights to achieve a better estimate of the population. Results: In 2015, the overall cardiovascular health score of Chinese adults aged ≥20 years was 73.3±12.6, the score was significantly higher in women (77.9±11.6) than in men (68.7±11.8), and higher in urban area (74.5±12.8) than in rural area (71.9±12.2), the differences were significant (P<0.001). It was estimated that about 0.25% (95%CI: 0.16%-0.33%) of adults in China had cardiovascular health score of 100, and 33.0% (95%CI: 31.6%-34.3%), 63.2% (95%CI: 62.1%-64.3%), and 3.9% (95%CI: 3.5%-4.2%) of adults had high, moderate and low cardiovascular health scores, respectively. The proportion of those with high cardiovascular health scores was relatively low in men, those with low education level, those with low income, those living in rural areas, and those living in southwest China (P<0.001). Of the eight factors, diet had the lowest mean score (46.0, 95%CI: 44.7-47.3), followed by blood pressure (59.4, 95%CI: 58.2-60.6) and tobacco exposure (61.4, 95%CI: 60.6-62.2). Conclusions: The cardiovascular health status of two-thirds of adult population in China needs to be improved. Diet, tobacco exposure, and blood pressure are the factors affecting the cardiovascular health of Chinese population, to which close attention needs to be paid, and men, rural residents, and those with lower socioeconomic status are key groups in cardiovascular health promotion.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Asian People ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control* ; China/epidemiology* ; Diet ; East Asian People ; Health Status ; Risk Factors ; United States ; Young Adult ; Health Status Indicators

From 2015 to 2019, the annual average incidence rate of scarlet fever was 7.80/100 000 in Yantai City, which showed an increasing trend since 2017 (χ²_trend=233.59, P<0.001). The peak period of this disease was from April to July and November to January of the next year. The ratio of male to female was 1.49∶1, with a higher prevalence among cases aged 3 to 9 years (2 357/2 552, 92.36%). Children in kindergartens, primary and middle school students, and scattered children were the high risk population, with the incidence rate of 159.86/100 000, 25.57/100 000 and 26.77/100 000, respectively. The global spatial auto-correlation analysis showed that the global Moran's I index of the reported incidence rate of scarlet fever in Yantai from 2015 to 2019 was 0.28, 0.29, 0.44, 0.48, and 0.22, respectively (all P values<0.05), suggesting that the incidence rate of scarlet fever in Yantai from 2015 to 2019 was spatial clustering. The local spatial auto-correlation analysis showed that the "high-high" clustering areas were mainly located in Laizhou City, Zhifu District, Haiyang City, Fushan District and Kaifa District, while the "low-high" clustering areas were mainly located in Haiyang City and Fushan District.
Child ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Scarlet Fever/epidemiology* ; Spatial Analysis ; Cities/epidemiology* ; Seasons ; Risk Factors ; Incidence ; Cluster Analysis ; China/epidemiology*