ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

To explore the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and integrative TCM-Western medicine approaches in the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications （DMC）， refine key pathophysiological insights and treatment principles， and promote academic innovation and strategic research planning in the prevention and treatment of DMC. The 38th session of the Expert Salon on Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine， hosted by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， was held in Beijing， 2024. Experts in TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields convened to conduct a systematic discussion on the pathogenesis， diagnostic and treatment challenges， and mechanism research related to DMC， ultimately forming a consensus on key directions. Four major research recommendations were proposed. The first is addressing clinical bottlenecks in the prevention and control of DMC by optimizing TCM-based evidence evaluation systems. The second is refining TCM core pathogenesis across DMC stages and establishing corresponding "disease-pattern-time" framework. The third is innovating mechanism research strategies to facilitate a shift from holistic regulation to targeted intervention in TCM. The fourth is advancing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the role of TCM in new drug development， research prioritization， and guideline formulation. TCM and integrative approaches offer distinct advantages in managing DMC. With a focus on the diseases responding specifically to TCM， strengthening evidence-based support and mechanism interpretation and promoting the integration of clinical care and research innovation will provide strong momentum for the modernization of TCM and the advancement of national health strategies.

Background: Chinese herbal pieces are an essential component of traditional Chinese medicine. Accurate identification and classification of these materials are crucial in clinical practice. Objective: This study aims to enhance the recognition efficiency of Chinese herbal pieces using deep learning technology, while addressing the limitations of traditional manual classification methods in terms of both quality and efficiency. Methods: A comprehensive dataset containing 201 types of Chinese herbal pieces was established. Based on Real-time Detection Transformer (RT-DETR), we designed and integrated a Feature-focused Diffusion Network (FDN), resulting in an improved model termed RT-DETR-FDN. The proposed FDN includes a Feature-focus Module and a feature diffusion mechanism, enabling the model to capture more extensive feature information from Chinese herbal pieces and diffuse it across multiple detection scales. Results: Experimental results show that RT-DETR-FDN achieved a precision of 0.925, a recall of 0.943, and an mAP50-95 of 0.851. In addition, the model was compared with representative You Only Look Once series models commonly used in object detection. Compared with these models, RT-DETR-FDN achieved higher recognition accuracy while maintaining a lightweight architecture. Conclusion: This study integrates deep learning with traditional Chinese medicine, providing a more effective solution for the recognition of Chinese herbal pieces.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Tangning Tongluo tablets in the treatment of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy （DR）. MethodsFourteen research centers participated in this study， which spanned a time interval from September 2021 to May 2023. A total of 240 patients with nonproliferative DR were included and randomly assigned into an observation group （120 cases） and a control group （120 cases）. The observation group was treated with Tangning Tongluo tablets， and the control group with calcium dobesilate capsules. Both groups were treated for 24 consecutive weeks. The vision， DR progression rate， retinal microhemangioma， hemorrhage area， exudation area， glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） level， and TCM syndrome score were assessed before and after treatment， and the safety was observed. ResultsThe vision changed in both groups after treatment （P<0.05）， and the observation group showed higher best corrected visual acuity （BCVA） than the control group （P<0.05）. The DR progression was slow with similar rates in the two groups. The fundus hemorrhage area and exudation area did not change significantly after treatment in both groups， while the observation group outperformed the control group in reducing the fundus hemorrhage area and exudation area. There was no significant difference in the number of microhemangiomas between the two groups before treatment. After treatment， the number of microhemangiomas decreased in both the observation group （Z=-1.437， P<0.05） and the control group （Z=-2.238， P<0.05）， and it showed no significant difference between the two groups. As the treatment time prolonged， the number of microhemangiomas gradually decreased in both groups. There was no significant difference in the HbA1c level between the two groups before treatment. After treatment， the decline in the HbA1c level showed no significant difference between the two groups. The TCM syndrome score did not have a statistically significant difference between the two groups before treatment. After treatment， neither the TCM syndrome score nor the response rate had significant difference between the two groups. With the extension of the treatment time， both groups showed amelioration of TCM syndrome compared with the baseline. ConclusionTangning Tongluo tablets are safe and effective in the treatment of nonproliferative DR， being capable of improving vision and reducing hemorrhage and exudation in the fundus.

ObjectiveStarting from the etiology， pathogenesis， and treatment strategies of endometriosis and adenomyosis， to integrate and sort out the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned experts and schools in the field of traditional Chinese medicine gynecology. MethodsAccording to the systematic review of text and opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI） in Australia， this paper determined literature screening criteria by searching China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang， and China Biomedical Literature Database. Information was extracted after literature screening， and quality evaluation was conducted using the JBI Narrative， Text， and Opinion Systematic Review Strict Evaluation Checklist. The JBI Narrative， Opinion， Text Evaluation， and Review Tool Summary Table was used for information synthesis， and data analysis and display were conducted in the form of text and charts. ResultsThe 146 articles related to 39 renowned experts and 19 articles related to 10 schools of thought were included. Research has found that contemporary experts and schools in traditional Chinese medicine gynecology consider blood stasis as the core pathogenesis in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of two diseases and related infertility. Their viewpoints varied from multiple aspects such as clinical symptom characteristics， meridian circulation location， pathological product evolution， disease duration， emotional psychology， lifestyle habits， preference for food and drink， innate endowment， and acquired injury. In terms of treatment， it was advocated to divide the stage， treat according to different types， adapt to the times， integrate nature and humans， and combine multiple methods to treat comprehensively when necessary. It was also recommended to skillfully use insects， make good use of classic formulas and small prescriptions， pay attention to protecting the spleen and stomach and regulating emotions， and make good use of self-formulated empirical formulas for internal or external use. Besides， individualized long-term management of patients was also advocated. ConclusionThis study applies the SrTO process to systematically summarize the academic ideas of contemporary renowned experts and schools in traditional Chinese medicine gynecology regarding the causes， mechanisms， diagnosis， and treatments of endometriosis， providing a scientific and standardized reference for future theoretical exploration.

BACKGROUND:Intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease is one of the most aggressive complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with high lethality.How to improve intestinal inflammation and regulate autophagy by applying traditional Chinese medicine in order to treat intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease is a worthwhile research issue nowadays. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism of Huangqintang modulating intestinal flora for the treatment of intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease. METHODS:CB6F1 mice were irradiated with 60Co X radiation at a total dose of 8 Gy,and then single nucleated cell suspensions(bone marrow cells+splenocytes)from Balb/c H-2d mice were injected into the tail vein in order to prepare a model of intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease.These samples were randomly divided into the model group and the high-,moderate-,and low-dose Huangqintang groups.After modeling,the model,high-,moderate-,and low-dose groups received different doses of Huangqintang or an equal volume of saline by continuous gavage for 14 days.Clinical acute graft-versus-host disease grading,and survival time was recorded.Small intestinal tissues from each group were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for small intestinal mucosal pathology scoring.The intestinal flora of mice in each group was detected using 16S rDNA sequencing.Autophagy-related markers were detected using immunofluorescence,immunohistochemistry,and PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the model group,the survival time of mice was significantly prolonged(P<0.01);the clinical acute graft-versus-host disease scores were significantly reduced(P<0.01);the pathological grading scores of the small intestinal mucosa were significantly diminished(P<0.01);the levels of the small intestinal tissue inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6,were significantly decreased(P<0.01);the structural integrity of the small intestinal mucosal epithelium was partially restored in mice after the intervention of moderate and high-dose Huangqintang.(2)The study of intestinal flora found that compared with the model group,the pro-inflammatory strain Enterococcus was significantly reduced(P<0.05),while beneficial bacteria such as Clostridium_innocuum and Rhodococcus,a pro-autophagy bacterium,were significantly elevated(P<0.05)in the moderate-dose Huangqintang group.(3)Compared with the model group,the autophagy markers were significantly elevated in the moderate-dose Huangqintang group(P<0.05);under transmission electron microscopy,the number of autophagic vacuoles of moderate-dose Huangqintang group increased significantly.(4)The results showed that Huangqintang significantly reduced the abundance of conditionally pathogenic bacteria and the level of inflammatory factors in small intestinal tissues,and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and promoted the expression of autophagy in the small intestinal mucosa,which resulted in a significant improvement of intestinal symptoms in mice with acute graft-versus-host disease.

Objective To assess the intervention effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on the mouse model of hematotoxicity induced by subacute benzene exposure. Methods Benzene exposure and NMN intervention were adopted in a 2×2 factorial design, as benzene exposure and non-exposure, and NMN intervention and non-intervention. Male specific pathogen-free C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to negative control group, NMN control group, simple benzene exposure group and NMN intervention group, with 12 mice in each group. Benzene exposure of mice in simple benzene exposure group and NMN intervention group was conducted by dynamic inhalation of benzene at a concentration of 325 mg/m³ for six hours per day, five days per week for four weeks (28 days). Mice in the negative control and NMN control group inhaled clean air. During benzene exposure, mice in the NMN control group and NMN intervention group received NMN in drinking water at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight. Peripheral blood samples of mice were collected for complete blood count analysis and calculation of composite inflammatory indices after 28 days. Results Interaction analysis showed that the counts of peripheral white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet of mice in the simple benzene exposure group were lower than those in the negative control group (all P<0.05). Neutrophil and platelet counts in the NMN intervention group were higher than those in the simple benzene exposure group (all P<0.05). The results of main effect analysis showed that the monocyte count of peripheral blood, systemic inflammatory index, systemic inflammatory response index, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio of mice in the benzene exposure group increased (all P<0.05), and the basophil count and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio decreased (all P<0.05), compared with the control group. Conclusion Oral NMN alleviates subacute benzene-induced decreases in peripheral neutrophil and platelet counts in mice. This protective effect may be related to the targeted intervention of NMN on mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder and oxidative damage induced by benzene exposure in male mice.

Objective To determine the basic and clinical issues to be included in the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Adenomyosis based on the Delphi method.Methods Based on literature review,preliminary general research,and expert interviews,this study drafted a survey questionnaire for guideline questions.After selecting the expert group,two rounds of Delphi method were conducted to determine the basic and clinical issues included in the guidelines.The questionnaire results were statistically analyzed to evaluate the quality control of Delphi method.Results A total of 15 experts were selected to participate in two rounds of Delphi questionnaire surveys.Finally,39 basic and clinical questions were included,which were condensed into 8 guideline questions.The expert positivity coefficient was 100%,the average coefficient of variation of the two rounds of coordination was 0.23 and 0.30,respectively,and the expert authority coefficient was 0.903.The quality control of the two rounds of Delphi method was good.Conclusion Based on the Delphi method,the basic and clinical issues of the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Adenomyosis are determined,laying the foundation for the subsequent development of the guidelines.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of the Rain Classroom teaching model in the Functional Experiment Science.Methods:A total of 61 clinical medicine students from grade 2021 at a medical college were enrolled and divided into the control group(n=30)who received traditional experimental teaching,and the experimental group(n=31)who was taught using the Rain Classroom teaching model.Ultimately,the outcomes compared between the two groups included scores of experimental assignments,satisfaction with the teaching model,and the experimental group's supporting rate for the Rain Classroom teaching mode.Results:The experimental score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Additionally,58.06%(18/31)of the experimental group supported the Rain Classroom model.Among the experimental group,77.42%(24/31)and 70.97%(22/31)of the students believed that the Rain Classroom teaching mode could enhance the awareness of autonomous learning and the mastery of key and difficult knowledge.Conclusion:Through the Rain Classroom teaching mode,students'experimental grades have been improved,and it also plays a certain role in promoting the enhancement of their self-study ability.