Objective: To analyze the relationship between sedentary behavior and the force expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) reduction in middle-aged and elderly people in communities. Methods: The participants aged ≥40 years were randomly selected from a natural population cohort in Songjiang District, Shanghai, for pulmonary function tests and survey by using international physical activity questionnaire, a generalized additive model was used to analyze the association between sedentary behavior and FEV₁ reduction in the study population and different sex-age subgroups. Results: A total of 3 121 study subjects aged ≥40 years were included. The prevalence of FEV₁ reduction was 14.8%, which was higher in men than in women. There were 24.8% participants were completely sedentary. The prevalence of FEV₁ reduction in women aged <60 years in complete sedentary group was 2.04 (95%CI: 1.11-3.72) times higher than that in non-complete sedentary group. In men aged <60 years, the prevalence of FEV₁ reduction increased with daily sedentary time (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.04-1.29), and the prevalence of FEV₁ reduction was also higher in those with sedentary time >5 hours/day than those with sedentary time ≤5 hours/day (OR=3.02, 95%CI: 1.28-7.16). The sensitivity analysis also found such associations. Conclusions: FEV₁ reduction rate in age group <60 years was associated with sedentary behavior. Complete sedentary behavior or absence of moderate to vigorous physical activity played important roles in FEV₁ reduction in women, while men were more likely to be affected by increased sedentary time, which had no association with physical activity. Reducing sedentary time to avoid complete sedentary behavior, along with increased physical activity, should be encouraged in middle-aged and elderly adults in communities to improve their pulmonary function.
Male ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Adult ; Female ; Infant ; Sedentary Behavior ; China/epidemiology* ; Exercise ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Prevalence

Objective: To explore the combination of metabolism-related chronic diseases associated with the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in community residents in Shanghai. Methods: The baseline data of Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank were used to understand the prevalence of five metabolism-related chronic diseases, including obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, gout and diabetes, based on questionnaire survey, physical examination and blood biochemical detection. NAFLD was diagnosed by B-ultrasound detection and questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of 31 metabolism-related chronic diseases combinations with the prevalence of NAFLD. Results: The median age (Q₁, Q₃) of 65 477 subjects was 60 (51, 66) years, and men accounted for 40.6%. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 38.2%, and the prevalence of HAFLD in patients without any of the five metabolism-related chronic diseases was 12.0%. The chronic disease combination with the strongest association with NAFLD was obesity + hypertension + hyperlipidemia + gout + diabetes in the total population (OR=37.94, 95%CI: 31.02-46.41), in women (OR=36.99, 95%CI: 28.78-47.54) and in age group ≥60 years (OR=36.19, 95%CI: 28.25-46.36). The chronic disease combination with the strongest association with NAFLD was obesity + hyperlipidemia + gout + diabetes in men (OR=50.70, 95%CI: 24.62-104.40) and in age group <60 years (OR=49.58, 95%CI: 24.22-101.47). Conclusions: The prevalence of NAFLD in community residents in Shanghai was high. Attention needs to be paid to health of obese people and weight loss should be promoted for them. Community health education should be strengthened for patients complicated with gout, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and hypertension and it is necessary to correct abnormal serum uric acid, blood sugar, blood lipids and blood pressure in a timely manner to reduce the risk of NAFLD.

Antipyretic-analgesics are currently one of the most prescribed drugs in children.The clinical application of antipyretic-analgesics for children in our country still have irrational phenomenon, which affects the therapeutic effect and even poses hidden dangers to the safety of children.In this paper, suggestions were put forward from the indications, dosage form/route, dosage suitability, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual differences and drug interactions in the symptomatic treatment of febrile children, so as to provide reference for the general pharmacists when conducting prescription review.

Hypoxemia is a common complication of pneumonia, asthma, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children.Rapid identification of hypoxemia is of great significance for the disposal and management of critical children.Pulse oximetry is recognized by the World Health Organization as the best way to monitor hypoxemia in children, and it can monitor pulse oxygen saturation noninvasively and continuously.Based on the related literature at home and abroad, combined with the clinical needs of pediatrics, the " Expert consensus on clinical application of pulse oximetry in children" is formulated to improve the understanding of pediatricians and nurses on the application in pediatric clinical practice, principle, operation techniques, and limitations of pulse oximetry.

Objective:To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pulse oximetry among pediatric healthcare providers in China and analyze the factor influencing the KAP.Methods:A self-developed questionnaire was used for an online research on the KAP of 11 849 pediatric healthcare providers from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China from March 11 to 14, 2022.The factors influencing the KAP of pulse oximetry among pediatric healthcare providers were examined by Logistic regression. Results:The scores of KAP, of pulse oximetry were 5.57±0.96, 11.24±1.25 and 11.19±4.54, respectively.The corresponding scoring rates were 69.61%, 74.95%, and 55.99%, respectively. Logistic regression results showed that the gender and working years of pediatric healthcare providers, the region they were located, and whether their medical institution was equipped with pulse oximeters were the main factors affecting the knowledge score (all P<0.05). Main factors influencing the attitude score of pediatric healthcare providers included their knowledge score, gender, educational background, working years, region, medical institution level, and whether the medical institution was equipped with pulse oximeters (all P<0.05). For the practice score, the main influencing factors were the knowledge score, gender, age, and whether the medi-cal institution was equipped with pulse oximeters (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Chinese pediatric healthcare providers need to further improve their knowledge about and attitudes towards pulse oximetry.Pulse oximeters are evidently under-used.It is urgent to formulate policies or guidelines, strengthen education and training, improve knowledge and attitudes, equip more institutions with pulse oximeters, and popularize their application in medical institutions.

Objective: To explore the effects of porcine acellular dermal matrix (ADM) combined with human epidermal stem cells (ESCs) on wound healing of full-thickness skin defect in nude mice. Methods: The morphology of porcine ADM was analyzed by photograph of digital camera, the cell residues in porcine ADM were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, the surface structure of porcine ADM was observed by scanning electron microscope, the secondary structure of porcine ADM was analyzed by infrared spectrometer, the porcine ADM particle size was analyzed by dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer, and the porcine ADM potential was analyzed by nano-particle size potentiometer. The morphology of porcine ADM was observed by inverted fluorescence microscope when it was placed in culture medium for 30 min, 1 d, and 5 d (n=2). The porcine ADM was divided into 5 min group, 10 min group, 20 min group, 30 min group, 60 min group, and 120 min group according to the random number table (the same grouping method below) in static state at normal temperature for the corresponding time to calculate the water absorption by weighing method (n=3). Swiss white mouse embryonic fibroblasts (Fbs) were divided into blank control group (culture medium only), and 50.0 g/L ADM extract group, 37.5 g/L ADM extract group, 25.0 g/L ADM extract group, 12.5 g/L ADM extract group, and 6.5 g/L ADM extract group which were added with the corresponding final concentrations of ADM extract respectively. At post culture hour (PCH) 24, 48, and 72, the cell survival rate was detected by cell counting kit 8 and the cytotoxicity was graded (n=5). The erythrocytes of a 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley male rat were divided into normal saline group, ultra-pure water group, and 5 mg/mL ADM extract group, 10 mg/mL ADM extract group, and 15 mg/mL ADM extract group which were treated with the corresponding final concentrations of porcine ADM extract respectively. After reaction for 3 h, the absorbance value of hemoglobin was detected by microplate reader to represent the blood compatibility of porcine ADM (n=3). ESCs were isolated and cultured from the discarded prepuce of a 6-year-old healthy boy who was treated in the Department of Urology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) in July 2020, and then identified by flow cytometry. The porcine ADM particles of composite ESC (hereinafter referred to as ESC/ADM) were constructed by mixed culture. After 3 days of culture, the composite effect of ESC/ADM was observed by HE staining and laser scanning confocal microscope. Thirty-six 7-8-week-old male non-thymic nude mice were divided into phosphate buffer solution (PBS) alone group, ADM alone group, ESC alone group, and ESC/ADM group, with 9 mice in each group, and the wound model of full-thickness skin defect was established. Immediately after injury, the wounds were treated with the corresponding reagents at one time. On post injury day (PID) 1, 7, 11, and 15, the wound healing was observed and the wound healing rate was counted (n=3). On PID 7, the epithelialization of wounds was observed by HE staining and the length of un-epithelialized wound was measured (with this and the following sample numbers of 4). On PID 11, the dermal area and collagen deposition of wounds were observed by Masson staining and the dermal area of wound section was calculated, the number of cells expressing CD49f, a specific marker of ESC, was calculated with immunofluorescence staining, the mRNA expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in ESC after wound transplantation was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, and least significant difference t test. Results: The porcine ADM was white particles and composed of reticular structure, with no cells inside, disordered structure, and rough surface. The absorption peak of porcine ADM appeared at the wave numbers of 1 659, 1 549, and 1 239 cm^-1, respectively. The main particle size distribution of porcine ADM in solution was 500 to 700 nm, with negative charge on the surface. The morphology of porcine ADM in static state at 30 min and on 1 and 5 d was relatively stable. The water absorption of porcine ADM remained relatively high level in static state from 30 min to 120 min. The cytotoxicity of mouse embryonic Fbs in 6.5 g/L ADM extract group, 12.5 g/L ADM extract group, and 25.0 g/L ADM extract group was grade 1 at PCH 24, and the cytotoxicity of the other groups was 0 grade at each time point. After reaction for 3 h, the absorbance value of hemoglobin of erythrocytes in ultra-pure water group was significantly higher than the values in normal saline group and 15 mg/mL ADM extract group (with t values of 8.14 and 7.96, respectively, P<0.01). After 3 days of culture, the cells of the fourth passage showed pebble-like morphology, with low expression of CD71 and high expression of CD49f, which were identified as ESCs. There was ESC attachment and growth on porcine ADM particles. On PID 1, the wound sizes of nude mice were almost the same in PBS alone group, ADM alone group, ESC alone group, and ESC/ADM group. On PID 7, 11, and 15, the wound contraction of nude mice in each group was observed, especially in ADM alone group, ESC alone group, and ESC/ADM group. On PID 7, the wound healing rates of nude mice in ESC alone group and ESC/ADM group were significantly higher than the rate in PBS alone group (with t values of 2.83 and 4.72 respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). On PID 11, the wound healing rate of nude mice in ESC/ADM group was significantly higher than that in PBS alone group (t=4.86, P<0.01). On PID 15, the wound healing rates of nude mice in ADM alone group, ESC alone group, and ESC/ADM group were significantly higher than the rate in PBS alone group (with t values of 2.71, 2.90, and 3.23 respectively, P<0.05). On PID 7, the length of un-epithelialized wound of nude mice in ADM alone group, ESC alone group, and ESC/ADM group was (816±85), (635±66), and (163±32) μm, respectively, which were significantly shorter than (1 199±43) μm in PBS alone group (with t values of 5.69, 10.19, and 27.54 respectively, P<0.01). On PID 11, the dermal areas of wound section of nude mice in ADM alone group, ESC alone group, and ESC/ADM group were significantly larger than the area in PBS alone group (with t values of 27.14, 5.29, and 15.90 respectively, P<0.01); the collagen production of nude mice in ADM alone group and ESC/ADM group was more obvious than that in PBS alone group, and the collagen production of nude mice in ESC alone group and PBS alone group was similar. On PID 11, in the wounds of nude mice in ESC alone group and ESC/ADM group, the cells with positive expression of CD49f were respectively 135±7 and 185±15, and the mRNA expressions of GAPDH were positive; while there were no expressions of CD49f nor mRNA of GAPDH in the wounds of nude mice in PBS alone group and ADM alone group. Conclusions: ESC/ADM particles can promote the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in nude mice, which may be related to the improved survival rate of ESCs after transplantation and the promotion of dermal structure rearrangement and angiogenesis by ADM.
Acellular Dermis ; Animals ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cells ; Swine ; Wound Healing

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the clinical characteristics and changes of serum IgG, IgM antibodies in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant. Methods　The clinical data of 82 patients with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant was analyzed retrospectively. Based on the presence of pneumonia on chest CT, the patients were divided into pneumonia group and non-pneumonia group. Serum IgG, IgM antibodies were observed at 5 time points T1 (1~<4 d), T2 (4~<8 d), T3 (8~<15 d), T4 (15~<22 d) and T5 (22~<30 d) after admission. Results　Among the 82 patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant strain, there were 62 cases of cough, 31 cases of fever, 33 cases of throat discomfort, 5 cases of muscle soreness and 3 cases of diarrhea. The serum IgG antibody levels at 5 time points were 50.22 (142.20) AU/mL, 326.50 (220.63) AU/mL, 368.23 (76.21) AU/mL, 368.65 (79) AU/mL, and 385.26 (113.10) AU/mL, respectively. The level of serum IgG antibody in the pneumonia group was lower than that of the non-pneumonia group at T1 and T4 time points, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) , the positive rate of serum IgG antibody in the pneumonia group was lower than that of the non-pneumonia group at the T1 time point, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The serum IgM antibody levels at 5 time points were 0.41 (0.81) AU/mL, 0.95 (1.62) AU/mL, 1.09 (2.42) AU/mL, 0.74 (3) AU/mL, and 0.81 (3.10) AU/mL respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion　The clinical symptoms of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant strain are mild. Serum IgG antibodies increased after infection, but there are some differences between the pneumonia group and the non-pneumonia group, whether serum IgG has a protective effect needs further research; the serum IgM antibodies do not increase highly after infection, there are some differences between individuals.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Songling Xuemaikang Capsules combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of essential hypertension. PubMed, VIP, CNKI, Wanfang and other databases were retrieved from the establishment of the database to February 2020 for clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT) about Songling Xuemaikang Capsules combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of essential hypertension. The literatures were screened out according to the inclusion criteria, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. A total of 3 100 patients in 27 RCTs were enrolled. According to Meta-analysis, Songling Xuemaikang Capsules combined with conventional Western medicine could effectively reduce systolic blood pressure(MD=-7.88,95%CI[-9.68,-6.08],P<0.000 01) and diastolic blood pressure(MD=-7.85, 95%CI[-9.07,-6.62], P<0.000 01), triglyceride(MD=-0.46, 95%CI[-0.66,-0.26], P<0.000 01) and total cholesterol(MD=-0.92, 95%CI[-1.49,-0.35], P=0.001), but increase HDL cholesterol(MD=0.51, 95%CI[0.28, 0.73], P<0.000 01), with a better effect than the Western medicine group alone. The results of LDL-C analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups(MD=-0.91, 95%CI[-1.82, 0.01], P=0.05). The subgroup analysis suggested that reduced systolic blood pressure may be related to the use of ARB. There was a close correlation between CCB drugs and the decrease of diastolic blood pressure. In addition, there was no significant difference in the compliance and the incidence of adverse reactions. Clinical application of Songling Xuemaikang Capsules combined with Western medicine in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension has clear efficacy and certain safety. More clinical randomized controlled trials are needed for verification in the future.
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Essential Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Humans

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yangxue Qingnao Granules combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of essential hypertension and its accompanying symptoms. PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, VIP, CNKI, Wanfang, and China biomedical database(CBD) were searched to screen out from the establishment of the database to April 2020 about the clinical randomized controlled trials of Yangxue Qingnao Granules combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of essential hypertension and accompanying symptoms. The articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software was used for sequential analysis, and GRADE 3.6 was used for evidence quality evaluation. A total of 4 532 patients were included in 34 randomized controlled trials. Meta-analysis results showed that: Yangxue Qingnao Granules combined with conventional anti-hypertensive agents reduced systolic blood pressure(MD=-10.56, 95%CI[-13.63,-7.50], P<0.000 01) and diastolic blood pressure(MD=-8.21, 95%CI[-10.84,-5.59], P<0.000 01), improved total effective rate(RR=1.21, 95%CI[1.14, 1.29], P<0.000 01), improved patients dizziness(RR=1.29, 95%CI[1.21, 1.37], P<0.000 01), insomnia(RR=1.66, 95%CI[1.44, 1.91], P<0.000 01), headache(RR=1.32, 95%CI[1.21, 1.43], P<0.000 01), chest distress(RR=1.26, 95%CI[1.12, 1.42], P=0.000 1), memory loss(RR=1.24, 95%CI[1.10, 1.40], P=0.000 4), palpitation(RR=1.28, 95%CI[1.17, 1.41], P<0.000 01), and improved traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores(MD=-4.24, 95%CI[-5.25,-3.23], P<0.000 01) and headache symptom improvement scores(MD=-2.02, 95%CI[-2.51,-1.53], P<0.000 01) as compared with Western medicine group alone. Subgroup analysis results showed that Yang-xue Qingnao Granules combined with ACEI drug had more obvious effects in lowering systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions, and no abnormal liver and kidney function was observed in each study. Trial sequential analysis showed that the total effective rate was cumulative across the traditional and TSA thresholds, further confirming its clinical efficacy. The evidence level was mostly low or extremely low in GRADE evaluation. The clinical application of Yangxue Qingnao Granules combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of essential hypertension and its accompanying symptoms is clear and safe, so it is recommended for clinical application.
Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects* ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Essential Hypertension ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

BACKGROUND: Benvitimod cream, a novel synthetic small molecule, was effective in treating mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. We conducted a phase III clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of benvitimod cream in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. METHODS: We randomly assigned 686 patients (2:1:1) to receive 1% benvitimod cream, 0.005% calcipotriol ointment or placebo twice a day for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy end points were the percentage of patients with a 75% or greater reduction from baseline in the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI 75) score and with a score of 0 or 1 in static physician's global assessment (sPGA) at week 12. RESULTS: The results showed that 50.4% of patients in the benvitimod group achieved PASI 75, which was significantly higher than that in the calcipotriol (38.5%, P < 0.05) and placebo (13.9%, P < 0.05) groups. The proportion of patients achieving an sPGA score 0 or 1 was 66.3% in the benvitimod group and 63.9% in the calcipotriol group, which were both significantly higher than that in the placebo group (34%, P < 0.05). In the long-term follow-up study, 50.8% of patients experienced recurrence. After retreatment with 1% benvitimod, 73.3% of patients achieved an sPGA score of 0 or 1 again at week 52. Adverse events included application site irritation, follicular papules, and contact dermatitis. No systemic adverse reactions were reported. CONCLUSION: During this 12-week study, benvitimod cream was demonstrated with high effectiveness and safety in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR-TRC-13003259; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=6300.
Double-Blind Method ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ointments ; Psoriasis/drug therapy* ; Resorcinols ; Severity of Illness Index ; Stilbenes ; Treatment Outcome