Objective To analyze the characteristics of methadone-related poisoning cases and provide a reference for forensic identification.Methods A total of 71 cases of methadone-related poisoning re-ported from 1998 to 2023 in China and 26 cases of methadone-related deaths reported from 2013 to 2018 in Italy were retrieved from databases including PubMed,Wanfang and CNKI.The general infor-mation,forensic pathological and toxicological characteristics were analyzed.Results Among the 71 methadone-related poisoning cases in China,there were 54 cases(76.06%)of poisoning without death and 17 cases(23.94%)of death from poisoning.There were 54 male cases(76.06%),and 51 cases(71.83%)aged 19 to 39 years old.There were 35 cases(49.30%)of poisoning caused by methadone alone,and 32 cases(45.07%)were poisoning caused by methadone combined with other substances or drugs including heroin and benzodiazepines.Most of the poisoned showed coma,respiratory depres-sion and miosis.Signs of asphyxia were often found by autopsy.The mass concentration of methadone detected in the blood of 6 deceased ranged from 0.112 to 3.000 mg/L.Among the 26 methadone-related deaths in Italy,22 cases were male(84.62%).There were 6 cases(23.08%)caused by methadone alone,and 20 cases(76.92%)died from methadone combined with other substances or drugs.The mass concentration of methadone in blood ranged from 0.181 to 4.059 mg/L.Conclusion The propor-tions of poisoning cases caused by methadone alone and methadone combined with other substances or drugs are comparable in China.The majority of deceased caused by methadone poisoning shows typi-cal triad of coma,respiratory depression and miosis,which helps forensic experts determine the cause of death related to methadone.Additionally,it is necessary to increase the routine testing of the con-centration of methadone and its combined substances or drugs in deceased,and collect data for the in-terpretation of the results of related cases.

Objective To investigate serum levels of food intake inhibitory factor-1(Nesfatin-1)and Klotho and their predictive value for secondary mild cognitive impairment(MCI)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 118 elderly patients with T2DM diagnosed and treated in the hospital from April 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the T2DM group,and they were divided into the non-MCI group(n=71)and the MCI group(n=47)according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(Mo-CA)scale.In addition,110 healthy people in the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The clinical data of the patients were collected.Serum Nesfatin-1 and Klotho levels were detec-ted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the correlation of serum Nesfatin-1 and Klotho levels with MoCA score and related clinical indicators in elder-ly patients with T2DM.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors for secondary MCI in elderly patients with T2DM.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum Nesfatin-1 and Klotho levels for secondary MCI in elderly patients with T2DM.Results Compared with control group,the serum levels of Nesfatin-1 and Klotho were significantly decreased in T2DM group(P<0.05).The serum levels of Nesfatin-1 and Klotho in MCI group were signifi-cantly lower than those in non-MCI group(P<0.05).Compared with the non-MCI group,the levels of fast-ing plasma glucose(FPG),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),reactive oxygen species(ROS)and C-reac-tive protein(CRP)were significantly increased in the MCI group(all P<0.05),and were negatively correla-ted with serum Nesfatin-1 and Klotho levels(all P<0.05).The serum levels of Nesfatin-1 and Klotho were positively correlated with MoCA score(P<0.05).Increased levels of FPG and ROS and decreased levels of Nesfatin-1 and Klotho were risk factors for secondary MCI in T2DM patients(P<0.05).The area under the curve of serum Nesfatin-1,Klotho and their combination for predicting secondary MCI in T2DM patients was 0.803,0.829 and 0.932,respectively.The combined prediction of serum nesfatin-1 and Klotho was better than each index alone(Zcombined-Nesfatin-1=3.421,P=0.001,Zcombined-Klotho=2.980,P=0.003).Conclusion The serum lev-els of Nesfatin-1 and Klotho are decreased in T2DM patients,which are significantly correlated with secondary MCI in T2DM patients,and both of them have high predictive value for secondary MCI in T2DM patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the current situation and problems of the advanced personnel en-gaging in the hospital-acquired infection control during their training period and explore the existing countermeas-ures and future development.METHODS The literatures regarding to the advanced study in China were retrieved from databases,the subjects of the literatures covered infection control-related advanced study practice,discipline construction,position competence,talent cultivation,scientific research innovation,professional title evaluation,laws,regulations and development plans.From Aug.2024 to Nov.2024,a questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were conducted among 36 advanced study personnel from 9 provinces of China who engaged in hos-pital-acquired infection control in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital.Eventually,36 ques-tionnaires were retrieved,all of which were valid with a questionnaire recovery rate of 100.00％.RESULTS Among the 36 advanced study personnel of hospital-acquired infection control,58.33％were medium-grade professional ti-tle;preventive medicine(41.67％),clinical medicine(25.00％)and nursing(16.67％)ranked the top 3 majors.The personnel engaged in the infection control for more than 6 years,and the duration of the advanced study was generally 3 or 6 months.In reality,the personnel faced the choices in terms of the purposes of further education,learning approaches and learning contents.The advanced study personnel also encountered the problems of challenges from promotion,improvement of position competency,integration with clinical training,supervision and practice,as well as physiological,psychological and family pressure.CONCLUSION Aiming at the problems that the advanced study personnel are generally concerned about,such as how to scientifically and effectively carry out hospital-acquired infection control advanced study and preset and solve the problems that may encounter,it is necessary to formulate targeted training programmes so as to provide bases and enlightenment for establishment of a long-term mechanism for advanced study of infection control in China.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the current situation and problems of the advanced personnel en-gaging in the hospital-acquired infection control during their training period and explore the existing countermeas-ures and future development.METHODS The literatures regarding to the advanced study in China were retrieved from databases,the subjects of the literatures covered infection control-related advanced study practice,discipline construction,position competence,talent cultivation,scientific research innovation,professional title evaluation,laws,regulations and development plans.From Aug.2024 to Nov.2024,a questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were conducted among 36 advanced study personnel from 9 provinces of China who engaged in hos-pital-acquired infection control in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital.Eventually,36 ques-tionnaires were retrieved,all of which were valid with a questionnaire recovery rate of 100.00％.RESULTS Among the 36 advanced study personnel of hospital-acquired infection control,58.33％were medium-grade professional ti-tle;preventive medicine(41.67％),clinical medicine(25.00％)and nursing(16.67％)ranked the top 3 majors.The personnel engaged in the infection control for more than 6 years,and the duration of the advanced study was generally 3 or 6 months.In reality,the personnel faced the choices in terms of the purposes of further education,learning approaches and learning contents.The advanced study personnel also encountered the problems of challenges from promotion,improvement of position competency,integration with clinical training,supervision and practice,as well as physiological,psychological and family pressure.CONCLUSION Aiming at the problems that the advanced study personnel are generally concerned about,such as how to scientifically and effectively carry out hospital-acquired infection control advanced study and preset and solve the problems that may encounter,it is necessary to formulate targeted training programmes so as to provide bases and enlightenment for establishment of a long-term mechanism for advanced study of infection control in China.

This umbrella review aimed to summarize and provide a general evaluation of the effectiveness of current treatments for male infertility and assess the quality of evidence and possible biases. An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses available in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, covering studies published up to October 2023, was conducted. Sperm concentration, morphology, and motility were used as endpoints to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments. Of 2998 studies, 18 published meta-analyses were extracted, yielding 90 summary effects on sperm concentration ( n = 36), sperm morphology ( n = 26), and sperm motility ( n = 28) on 28 interventions. None of the meta-analyses were classified as having low methodological quality, whereas 12 (66.7%) and 6 (33.3%) had high and moderate quality, respectively. Of the 90 summary effects, none were rated high-evidence quality, whereas 53.3% ( n = 48), 25.6% ( n = 23), and 21.1% ( n = 19) were rated moderate, low, and very low, respectively. Significant improvements in sperm concentration, morphology, and motility were observed with pharmacological interventions (N-acetyl-cysteine, antioxidant therapy, aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators, hormones, supplements, and alpha-lipoic acid) and nonpharmacological interventions (varicocele repair and redo varicocelectomy). In addition, vitamin supplementation had no significant positive effects on sperm concentration, motility, or morphology. Treatments for male infertility are increasingly diverse; however, the current evidence is poor because of the limited number of patients. Further well-designed studies on single treatment and high-quality meta-analysis of intertreatment comparisons are recommended.
Humans ; Male ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use* ; Infertility, Male/therapy* ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Systematic Reviews as Topic

Aim To evaluate the effect of hyperoside/chitosan-nanoparticles(Hyp-NPs)on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in vitro cell experi-ments and the underlying mechanism,and to conduct in vivo animal experiments to investigate the synergistic effect of Hyp-NPs and BMSCs on repairing endometrial damage in rats.Methods BMSCs were identified by flow cytometry.Hyp-NPs were prepared by ion crosslinking method,characterized and evaluated by laser particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy.The effects of different concentrations of Hyp-NPs on the migration of BMSCs were evaluated by scratch assay and immunofluorescence.NRF2 lentivir-us vector was constructed to explore the mechanism of Hyp-NPs on BMSCs.In animal experiments,Hyp-NPs loaded with BMSCs were co-transplanted into the uter-ine cavity of a rat model of endometrial injury.HE,Masson,IHC,TUNEL,and ELISA experiments were used to systematically evaluate the repair effect and pregnancy function of the composite formulation on rat endometrial injury from multiple aspects and angles,including general pathology,fibrosis,receptivity,cell proliferation,angiogenesis,stem cell recruitment,and inflammation of the endometrium.Results BMSCs were successfully isolated and cultured.Hyp-NPs with high stability and small particle size were successfully prepared.Scratch experiments indicated that Hyp-NPs could promote the migration of BMSCs.By successfully constructing a lentiviral NRF2 vector and oxidative damage model for BMSCs,immunofluorescence experi-ments showed that Hyp-NPs could regulate the biologi-cal axis of BMSCs by activating NRF2.Animal experi-ments showed that the synergistic administration of Hyp-NPs and BMSCs could increase endometrial thick-ness and glandular quantity,promote stem cell homing through anti-fibrotic,anti-apoptotic,and anti-inflam-matory effects,and restore pregnancy function in rats with endometrial injury.Conclusion The synergistic administration of Hyp-NPs and BMSCs could repair en-dometrial injury.

In the past few decades,supercritical fluid chromatography(SFC)as a supplement to liquid chromatography(LC)separation technology has attracted people's interest,especially in the combination of SFC and mass spectrometry(MS),which has shown important application prospects in metabolomics,lipidomics,and other fields.Compared to the interface of LC-MS,the interface of SFC-MS presents some unique challenges that require special solutions to be designed.This article categorizes and summarizes the existing interfaces used for SFC-MS,focuses on the impact of different interface designs on detection performance,provides the applicable characteristics of different types of interfaces,and finally briefly introduces the application progress of SFC-MS in different fields.

Objective To describe the current state of research and future research hotspots through a metrological analysis of the literature in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification re-search.Methods The data retrieved and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC),the core database of the Web of Science information service platform (hereinafter referred to as "WoS"),was used to analyze the trends and topic changes in research on forensic identification of human re-mains from 1991 to 2022.Network visualisation of publication trends,countries (regions),institutions,authors and topics related to the identification of remains in forensic anthropology was analysed using python 3.9.2 and Gephi 0.10.Results A total of 873 papers written in English in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research were obtained.The journal with the largest number of publications was Forensic Science International (164 articles).The country (region) with the largest number of published papers was China (90 articles).Katholieke Univ Leuven (Netherlands,21 articles) was the institution with the largest number of publications.Topic analysis revealed that the focus of forensic anthropological remains identification research was sex estimation and age estimation,and the most commonly studied remains were teeth.Conclusion The volume of publications in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research has a distinct phasing.However,the scope of both international and domestic collaborations remains limited.Traditionally,human remains identifica-tion has primarily relied on key areas such as the pelvis,skull,and teeth.Looking ahead,future re-search will likely focus on the more accurate and efficient identification of multiple skeletal remains through the use of machine learning and deep learning techniques.

Objective: To review the clinical characteristics, to illustrate diagnosis and management experience of orbital and cranial complications of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis. Methods: The clinical data of 24 children with orbital and cranial complications of acute rhinosinusitis who received endoscopic sinus surgery combined with drug treatment in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 19 boys and 5 girls. The age varied from 13 to 159 months, with a median 47.5 months. The following diagnoses were obtained: 12 isolated subperiosteal orbital abscess, 2 associated with preseptal abscess, 2 associated with intraorbital abscess, 7 associated with optic neuritis, and 1 associated with septic cavernous sinus thrombosis. Clinical characteristics, organism isolated and outcomes were analyzed through descriptive methods. Results: All 24 patients presented with fever; 9 presented with nasal congestion and purulent discharge. The clinical manifestations of orbital infection included orbital edema, pain, proptosis and displacement of globe in all patients, while visual impairment was recognized in 7 children. Purulent drainage was cultured in 17 patients, among which 12 were positive. All patients underwent nasal endoscopic surgical interventions uneventfully, excluding one patient who required a second surgical procedure. Follow-up period ranged from 5 to 64 months. All patients resolved fully, with the exception of 2 children who got permanent blindness with visual loss preoperative. There was no recurrence or death. Conclusions: Orbital and cranial complications of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis could be severe with an occult onset. For patients with vison impairment, any signs of intracranial complications and a lack of response to conservative management, an urgent endoscopic intervention is needed.
Male ; Female ; Child ; Humans ; Abscess/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis/therapy* ; Orbital Cellulitis ; Acute Disease ; Exophthalmos ; Orbital Diseases/therapy*

The twenty-first century has already recorded more than ten major epidemics or pandemics of viral disease, including the devastating COVID-19. Novel effective antivirals with broad-spectrum coverage are urgently needed. Herein, we reported a novel broad-spectrum antiviral compound PAC5. Oral administration of PAC5 eliminated HBV cccDNA and reduced the large antigen load in distinct mouse models of HBV infection. Strikingly, oral administration of PAC5 in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 omicron (BA.1) infection significantly decreases viral loads and attenuates lung inflammation. Mechanistically, PAC5 binds to a pocket near Asp49 in the RNA recognition motif of hnRNPA2B1. PAC5-bound hnRNPA2B1 is extensively activated and translocated to the cytoplasm where it initiates the TBK1-IRF3 pathway, leading to the production of type I IFNs with antiviral activity. Our results indicate that PAC5 is a novel small-molecule agonist of hnRNPA2B1, which may have a role in dealing with emerging infectious diseases now and in the future.
Animals ; Mice ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology* ; COVID-19 ; Hepatitis B virus ; Interferon Type I/metabolism* ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects* ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B/antagonists & inhibitors*