Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Bone defects caused by different causes such as trauma, severe bone infection and other factors are common in clinic and difficult to treat. Usually, bone substitutes are required for repair. Current bone grafting materials used clinically include autologous bones, allogeneic bones, xenografts, and synthetic materials, etc. Other than autologous bones, the major hurdles of rest bone grafts have various degrees of poor biological activity and lack of active ingredients to provide osteogenic impetus. Bone marrow contains various components such as stem cells and bioactive factors, which are contributive to osteogenesis. In response, the technique of bone marrow enrichment, based on the efficient utilization of components within bone marrow, has been risen, aiming to extract osteogenic cells and factors from bone marrow of patients and incorporate them into 3D scaffolds for fabricating bone grafts with high osteoinductivity. However, the scientific guidance and application specification are lacked with regard to the clinical scope, approach, safety and effectiveness. In this context, under the organization of Chinese Orthopedic Association, the Expert consensus for the clinical application of autologous bone marrow enrichment technique for bone repair ( version 2023) is formulated based on the evidence-based medicine. The consensus covers the topics of the characteristics, range of application, safety and application notes of the technique of autologous bone marrow enrichment and proposes corresponding recommendations, hoping to provide better guidance for clinical practice of the technique.

OBJECTIVE: This study prospectively investigates the association between immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycan traits and ischemic stroke (IS) risk. METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted in the China suboptimal health cohort study, which recruited 4,313 individuals in 2013-2014. Cases were identified as patients diagnosed with IS, and controls were 1:1 matched by age and sex with cases. IgG N-glycans in baseline plasma samples were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 99 IS cases and 99 controls were included, and 24 directly measured glycan peaks (GPs) were separated from IgG N-glycans. In directly measured GPs, GP4, GP9, GP21, GP22, GP23, and GP24 were associated with the risk of IS in men after adjusting for age, waist and hip circumference, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Derived glycan traits representing decreased galactosylation and sialylation were associated with IS in men (FBG2S2/(FBG2 + FBG2S1 + FBG2S2): odds ratio ( OR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.87-0.97; G1 ⁿ: OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63-0.87; G0 ⁿ: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22). However, these associations were not found among women. CONCLUSION This study validated that altered IgG N-glycan traits were associated with incident IS in men, suggesting that sex discrepancies might exist in these associations.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Immunoglobulin G/metabolism* ; Ischemic Stroke ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Glycosylation ; Polysaccharides

Objective:To investigate the effects of vitamin E on sperm quality of rats exposed to high pressure in diving.Methods:A total of 16 male rats were randomly divided into solvent control group and vitamin E group according to the random number table method，with 8 rats in each group. Before exposing to high pressure，the vitamin E group was given 100 mg·kg -1·d -1 of vitamin E by gavage，while the solvent control group was given the same amount of corn oil by gavage. The rats in both groups were exposed to air diving at a depth of 60 meters for 1 hour each time for 30 consecutive days，and were sacrificed immediately after the last exposure. The morphology of rat testis was observed by HE staining. The density and motility of rat sperms were observed under a microscope，and the DNA fragmentation index（DFI）of rat sperms was detected by flow cytometry. Results:Compared with the solvent control group，there was no significant changes in testicular morphology or sperm density in the vitamin E group（ P>0.05）；while the sperm motility and DFI in the vitamin E group were much better than those in the solvent control group，and the differences were statistically significant（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:Vitamin E can effectively prevent DNA damage and sperm motility decline in male rats exposed to high pressure in diving.

Objective: To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics including composition of pathogens , clinical characteristics, and disease prognosis acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in Chinese children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and laboratory data of 1 610 children <15 years of age with ABM in 33 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2019 to December 2020. Patients were divided into different groups according to age,<28 days group, 28 days to <3 months group, 3 months to <1 year group, 1-<5 years of age group, 5-<15 years of age group; etiology confirmed group and clinically diagnosed group according to etiology diagnosis. Non-numeric variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, while non-normal distrituction numeric variables were compared with nonparametric test. Results: Among 1 610 children with ABM, 955 were male and 650 were female (5 cases were not provided with gender information), and the age of onset was 1.5 (0.5, 5.5) months. There were 588 cases age from <28 days, 462 cases age from 28 days to <3 months, 302 cases age from 3 months to <1 year of age group, 156 cases in the 1-<5 years of age and 101 cases in the 5-<15 years of age. The detection rates were 38.8% (95/245) and 31.5% (70/222) of Escherichia coli and 27.8% (68/245) and 35.1% (78/222) of Streptococcus agalactiae in infants younger than 28 days of age and 28 days to 3 months of age; the detection rates of Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae were 34.3% (61/178), 14.0% (25/178) and 13.5% (24/178) in the 3 months of age to <1 year of age group; the dominant pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and the detection rate were 67.9% (74/109) and 44.4% (16/36) in the 1-<5 years of age and 5-<15 years of age . There were 9.7% (19/195) strains of Escherichia coli producing ultra-broad-spectrum β-lactamases. The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and blood culture were 32.2% (515/1 598) and 25.0% (400/1 598), while 38.2% (126/330)and 25.3% (21/83) in CSF metagenomics next generation sequencing and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen detection. There were 4.3% (32/790) cases of which CSF white blood cell counts were normal in etiology confirmed group. Among 1 610 children with ABM, main intracranial imaging complications were subdural effusion and (or) empyema in 349 cases (21.7%), hydrocephalus in 233 cases (14.5%), brain abscess in 178 cases (11.1%), and other cerebrovascular diseases, including encephalomalacia, cerebral infarction, and encephalatrophy, in 174 cases (10.8%). Among the 166 cases (10.3%) with unfavorable outcome, 32 cases (2.0%) died among whom 24 cases died before 1 year of age, and 37 cases (2.3%) had recurrence among whom 25 cases had recurrence within 3 weeks. The incidences of subdural effusion and (or) empyema, brain abscess and ependymitis in the etiology confirmed group were significantly higher than those in the clinically diagnosed group (26.2% (207/790) vs. 17.3% (142/820), 13.0% (103/790) vs. 9.1% (75/820), 4.6% (36/790) vs. 2.7% (22/820), χ²=18.71, 6.20, 4.07, all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the unfavorable outcomes, mortility, and recurrence between these 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The onset age of ABM in children is usually within 1 year of age, especially <3 months. The common pathogens in infants <3 months of age are Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae, and the dominant pathogen in infant ≥3 months is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Subdural effusion and (or) empyema and hydrocephalus are common complications. ABM should not be excluded even if CSF white blood cell counts is within normal range. Standardized bacteriological examination should be paid more attention to increase the pathogenic detection rate. Non-culture CSF detection methods may facilitate the pathogenic diagnosis.
Adolescent ; Brain Abscess ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Subdural Effusion ; beta-Lactamases

Objective:To investigate the effects of vitamin E on sperm quality of rats exposed to high pressure in diving.Methods:A total of 16 male rats were randomly divided into solvent control group and vitamin E group according to the random number table method，with 8 rats in each group. Before exposing to high pressure，the vitamin E group was given 100 mg·kg -1·d -1 of vitamin E by gavage，while the solvent control group was given the same amount of corn oil by gavage. The rats in both groups were exposed to air diving at a depth of 60 meters for 1 hour each time for 30 consecutive days，and were sacrificed immediately after the last exposure. The morphology of rat testis was observed by HE staining. The density and motility of rat sperms were observed under a microscope，and the DNA fragmentation index（DFI）of rat sperms was detected by flow cytometry. Results:Compared with the solvent control group，there was no significant changes in testicular morphology or sperm density in the vitamin E group（ P>0.05）；while the sperm motility and DFI in the vitamin E group were much better than those in the solvent control group，and the differences were statistically significant（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:Vitamin E can effectively prevent DNA damage and sperm motility decline in male rats exposed to high pressure in diving.

OBJECTIVE: To screen potential pan-cancer biomarkers based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and to provide help for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of a variety of cancers. METHODS: "GDC Data Transfer Tool" and "GDCRNATools" packages were used to obtain TCGA database. After data sorting, a total of 13 cancers were selected for further analysis. False disco-very rate (FDR) < 0.05 and fold change (FC) >1.5 were used as the differential expression criteria to screen genes and miRNAs that were up- or down-regulated in all the 13 cancers. In the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), the area under the curve (AUC), the best cut-off value and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were used to reflect diagnostic significance. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival probability and then the log-rank test was performed. Hazard ratio (HR) was calculated to reflect prognostic evaluation significance. DAVID tool were used to perform GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis for differentially expressed genes. STRING and TargetScan tools were used to analyze the regulatory network of differentially expressed genes and miRNAs. RESULTS: A total of 48 genes and 2 miRNAs were differentially expressed in all the 13 cancers. Among them, 25 genes were up-regulated, 23 genes and 2 miRNAs were down-regulated. Most differentially expressed genes and miRNAs had good ability to distinguish between the cases and controls, with AUC, sensitivity and specificity up to 0.8-0.9. Survival analysis results show that differentially expressed genes and miRNAs were significantly associated with patient survival in a variety of cancers. Most up-regulated genes were risk factors for patient survival (HR>1), while most down-regulated genes were protective factors for patient survival (0 < HR < 1). The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG showed that the differentially expressed genes were mostly enriched in biological events related to cell proliferation. In the regulatory network analysis, a total of 13 differentially expressed genes and 2 differentially expressed miRNAs had regulatory and interaction relationships. CONCLUSION The 48 genes and 2 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in 13 cancers may serve as potential pan-cancer biomarkers, providing help for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of a variety of cancers, and providing clues for the development of broad-spectrum tumor therapeutic targets.
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Neoplasms/genetics* ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND: Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 46 (Zbtb46) is a transcription factor identified in classical dendritic cells, and maintains dendritic cell quiescence in a steady state. Zbtb46 has been reported to be a negative indicator of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We found that Zbtb46 was expressed at a relatively higher level in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) compared to mature cells, and higher in AML cells compared to normal bone marrow (BM) cells. However, the role of Zbtb46 in HSPCs and AML cells remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the effect of Zbtb46 in normal hematopoiesis and AML cells. METHODS: We generated Zbtb46 and Zbtb46Mx1-Cre mice. The deletion of Zbtb46 in Zbtb46Mx1-Cre mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of double-stranded poly (I). poly (C) (poly(I:C)), and referred as Zbtb46 cKO. After confirming the deletion of Zbtb46, the frequency and numbers of HSPCs and mature blood cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serial intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil was administrated to determine the repopulation ability of HSCs from Zbtb46 and Zbtb46 cKO mice. The correlation between Zbtb46 expression and prognosis was analyzed using the data from the Cancer Genome Atlas. To investigate the role of Zbtb46 in AML cells, we knocked down the expression of Zbtb46 in THP-1 cells using lentiviral vectors expressing small hairpin RNAs targeting Zbtb46. Cell proliferation rate was determined by cell count assay. Cell apoptosis and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The percentages and absolute numbers of HSPCs and mature blood cells were comparable in Zbtb46 cKO mice and its Zbtb46 littermates (Zbtb46vs. Zbtb46 cKO, HPC: 801,310 ± 84,282 vs. 907,202 ± 97,403, t = 0.82, P = 0.46; LSK: 86,895 ± 7802 vs. 102,210 ± 5025, t = 1.65, P = 0.17; HSC: 19,753 ± 3116 vs. 17,608 ± 3508, t = 0.46, P = 0.67). The repopulation ability of HSCs from Zbtb46Mx1-Cre mice was similar to those from Zbtb46 control (P = 0.26). Zbtb46 had elevated expression in AML cells compared to total BM cells from normal control. Knockdown of Zbtb46 in THP-1 cells led to a significant increase in cell apoptosis and reduced cell growth and proliferation. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data indicate that Zbtb46 is essential for survival and proliferation of AML cells, but dispensable for normal hematopoiesis.

Objective: To explore the expression of FAT1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues, and its effect on cell proliferation. Methods: The expression levels of FAT1 protein in human ESCC tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Lentivirus based knockdown of FAT1 was carried out in YSE2 and Colo680N cell lines and 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays was performed to examine the effect of FAT1 on the proliferation of these ESCC cells. Colony formation assay was used to detect the colony formation ability. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis. The expression levels of cell cycle markers in FAT1 knock out ESCC cell lines were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Results: The relative expression of FAT1 in ESCC tissues was 66.97±21.53, significantly lower than 78.13±16.76 of adjacent normal tissues(P<0.05). Knockdown of FAT1 promoted cell proliferation and colony formation. In YSE2 cell, the division time in negative control (NC) group was (1 570±51) min, significantly longer than (1 356±31) min in shFAT1 group. In Colo680N cell, division time in NC group was (1 532±53) min, significantly longer than (1 290±30) min in shFAT1 group (P<0.05). Knockdown of FAT1 promoted G1-to S-phase transition and resulted in the upregulation of CDK4/CDK6/CCND1. Conclusion FAT1 inhibits the proliferation and G1-to S-phase transition of ESCC cells through regulating the protein expression of CDK4/CDK6/CCND1 complex.