ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

"Sinew prescription correspondence" is the principle of selecting prescriptions for channel sinew diseases. On the basis of the theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment， the pulse manifestation corresponds to the channel sinew syndrome， which can improve the flexibility and standardization of clinical prescriptions. From the perspective of systematic dialectical sphygmology， this paper explains the dialectical relationship between channel sinew theory and pulse body elements， pulse wall elements， pulse elements and blood flow elements， and clarifies the internal relationship between pulse manifestation and prescriptions at the level of channel sinew disease. The prescription is derived from the method， while the method is established with the syndrome， and the prescription is unified by the method. According to the theory of "sinew prescription correspondence"， the treatment ideas of channel sinew diseases were analyzed from the perspective of channel sinew distribution， functional characteristics and structural changes. On this basis， the diagnosis of channel sinew disease and the application of prescriptions are expanded， and the research on the internal treatment and diagnosis mode of "pulse manifestation-channel sinew-zang fu （脏腑）" is prospected， so as to expand the differentiation and treatment methods of channel sinew theory.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from salt-processed Litchi Semen and their antioxidant activities.METHODS The 85％ethanol extract from salt-processed Litchi Semen was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,MCI,ODS and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.DPPH and ABTS+free radical scavenging method were used to evaluate their antioxidant activities.RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as dehydrocostuslactone(1),ananosmoside A(2),funingensin A(3),(2S)-pinocembrin-7-O-(6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)(4),liquiritienin(5),quercetin(6),rutin(7),isorhamnetin-3-O-β-rutinoside(8),procyanidin A2(9),procyanidin A1(10),ethyl protocatechuate(11),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(12),di(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate(13),nicotinamide(14),(10E,15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoic acid(15).Compounds 6-7,9-10 exhibited scavenging activities against DPPH radicals with IC50 values of(12.929±1.232),(14.104±0.946),(10.417±1.736),(6.944±0.030)μmol/L,respectively.Compounds 6-10 exhibited scavenging activities against ABTS+radicals with IC50 values of(21.952±0.577),(25.683±0.625),(22.970±1.336),(20.210±1.435),(18.725±0.324)μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,5,14-15 are isolated from Litchi genus for the first time.Compounds 6-7,9-10 have strong in vitro antioxidant activities.

This study aims to investigate the epidemic variation of porcine circovirus type2(PCV2)and its distribution in swine farms in Henan Province from 2022 to 2023.In this study,1 206 pig blood samples from 18 urban scale swine farms,and 318 pigs and environmental samples from 2 PCV2-positive swine farms in Henan Province were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.ORF2 gene sequencing and genetic evolution analysis were performed on the positive samples.The results showed that the positive rate of PCV2 was 7.05％(85/1 206)in Henan Province,11.15％in western Henan Province and 3.03％in southern Henan Province.The positive rate of PCV2 in spring was 11.60％(67/576).A total of 31 ORF2 gene sequences were obtained,of which 23 were PCV2d(74.19％),6 were PCV2a(19.35％),one was PCV2b(3.23％)and one was PCV2c(3.23％).The results of amino acid sequence comparison showed that the mutation sites mainly concentrated on amino acids at positions 40-68 and 180-209.The total positive rate of pig farm sam-ples was 37.42％(119/318),and the positive rate of pig samples from different types of pig houses was 60.71％(34/56),45.83％(11/24),35.09％(20/57),and 33.33(3/9)in order from high to low.The positive rate of environmental samples from high to low was 56.36％(31/55)in feeding system,46.67％(7/15)in feces system,12.50(1/8)in decontamination area,11.11％(2/18)in living area,and no PCV2 was detected in ventilation system.The highest positive rate was 45.00％(9/20)for the tools in the house,7.14％(1/14)for the surface and sole of the clothes after leaving the house,and no PCV2 was detected on the surface and sole of the clothes before entering the house.In this study,the epidemiological investigation of PCV2 in Henan Province and its distribu-tion in swine farms were carried out,and the main circulating strains,seasons,regions and gene mutations of PCV2 in H enan Province were identified.The distribution and transmission routes of PCV2 in positive pig farms were preliminarily analyzed and summarized,which provided data basis and reference for effective prevention and control of PCV and the establishment of accurate bio-safety prevention and control measures.

The receptors of Newcastle disease virus(NDV)are sialic acid receptors that mainly in-clude neu5ac-α-2,3gal-β-1,4Glc(SAα2,3Gal)and neu5ac-2-s-α-2,6Gal10Me(SAα2,6Gal).The distribution and abundance of the two receptors in host cells have important effects on virus sus-ceptibility and intracellular proliferation.In order to further explore the effects of sialic acid recep-tors on susceptibility and proliferation characteristics of NDV different strains,the expression lev-els of SAα2,3Gal and SAα2,6Gal receptors on BHK-21 cell membrane were adjusted by overex-pression and RNAi assays,and the TCID50 values were determined after different BHK-21 cells were inoculated with NDV strains Ⅰ and LaSota.The results suggested that NDV strain LaSota preferentially binds to SAα2,6Gal and strain Ⅰ selectively binds to SAα2,3Gal receptor.Further-more,the viral titers of NDV strains LaSota and Ⅰ in cell culture were positively correlated with the expression levels of SAα2,6Gal and SAα2,3Gal receptors on host cell membrane respectively.In conclusion,our studies provide an understanding of the relationship between infectivity of NDV different strains and receptor types of host cell,and provide a method to increase viral titer of NDV for cell-based vaccine production.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the current situation and problems of the advanced personnel en-gaging in the hospital-acquired infection control during their training period and explore the existing countermeas-ures and future development.METHODS The literatures regarding to the advanced study in China were retrieved from databases,the subjects of the literatures covered infection control-related advanced study practice,discipline construction,position competence,talent cultivation,scientific research innovation,professional title evaluation,laws,regulations and development plans.From Aug.2024 to Nov.2024,a questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were conducted among 36 advanced study personnel from 9 provinces of China who engaged in hos-pital-acquired infection control in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital.Eventually,36 ques-tionnaires were retrieved,all of which were valid with a questionnaire recovery rate of 100.00％.RESULTS Among the 36 advanced study personnel of hospital-acquired infection control,58.33％were medium-grade professional ti-tle;preventive medicine(41.67％),clinical medicine(25.00％)and nursing(16.67％)ranked the top 3 majors.The personnel engaged in the infection control for more than 6 years,and the duration of the advanced study was generally 3 or 6 months.In reality,the personnel faced the choices in terms of the purposes of further education,learning approaches and learning contents.The advanced study personnel also encountered the problems of challenges from promotion,improvement of position competency,integration with clinical training,supervision and practice,as well as physiological,psychological and family pressure.CONCLUSION Aiming at the problems that the advanced study personnel are generally concerned about,such as how to scientifically and effectively carry out hospital-acquired infection control advanced study and preset and solve the problems that may encounter,it is necessary to formulate targeted training programmes so as to provide bases and enlightenment for establishment of a long-term mechanism for advanced study of infection control in China.

The aim of this study is to identify the linear Fc-binding epitope for IgG1 on bovine IgG Fc receptor Ⅱ(boFcγRⅡ)to understand the molecular basis of IgG-Fcγ interaction.The boFcγRⅡ molecules were expressed on cell surface of the boFcγR Ⅱ-transfected COS-7 cells.The extracel-lular domain of boFcγRⅡ was expressed in NS0 cells,and the boFcγRⅡ recombinant protein was purified from ascites by Ni-chelation chromatography.Peptides derived from the membrane-distal extracellular domain(EC2)of boFcγR Ⅱ were synthesized and conjugated to a carrier protein of IgG-free bovine serum albumin(BSA).Binding of bovine IgG1 to the different peptides was tested by dot-blot assay,and the IgG-binding peptide was further modified by truncation and mutation to identify the Fc-binding epitope as well as its key amino acids for Fc-binding.The inhibition effect of the Fc-binding peptide was determined by competitive ELISA and Fc-rosetting inhibition assay,re-spectively.The results showed that boFcγR Ⅱ molecules were stably expressed on surface of the transfected COS-7 cells,which showed about 90％rosetting with IgG1-RBCs.The soluble boFcγRⅡ recombinant protein specifically bound to bovine IgG1.The minimal effective peptide of 122FYQDRKSKIF131 of boFcγRⅡ was able to bind bovine IgG1 specifically,suggesting it repre-sents a linear Fc-binding epitope located in the putative C-C'loop of the EC2 domain on the recep-tor.The Ala-substitution of Phe122,Tyr123,Arg126,Lys127,Ser128,Lys129 or Phe131 within the linear epitope led to a complete loss of its IgG1-binding capability,indicating those residues are critical for IgG1-binding on boFcγRⅡ.The Fc-binding peptide inhibited bovine IgG1 binding to the soluble recombinant protein of boFcγRⅡ with IC50 of 20.05 μmol/L,and inhibited the rosette formation of bovine IgG1-sensitized RBCs on the boFcγRⅡ transfected cells with IC50 of 80.15 μmol/L.The re-sults indicate that boFcγRⅡ possesses the linear epitope for Fc-binding,and the Fc-binding pep-tide showed well capability of regulating boFcγR Ⅱ-IgG1 interaction on cell surface,thereby provi-ding a research foundation for understanding the IgG-Fcγ interaction.

Graves′ disease is an autoimmune disorder that can affect the thyroid gland, eyes, and skin. Its pathogenesis involves an imbalance in the immune response, leading to the production of IgG antibodies that stimulate thyroid stimulating hormone receptors on thyroid cells, resulting in increased synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. Although traditional treatments have shown certain efficacy, they still have limitations. Given the current understanding of the pathophysiology and immunobiology of Graves′ disease, several novel treatment strategies have emerged, including biological agents, small molecular peptides, immunomodulators, and specific antibodies. These advancements provide additional therapeutic options for the treatment of Graves′ disease.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Liraglutide in rats with diabetic kidney disease(DKD)by regulating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)ferroptosis signaling pathway.Methods Twelve male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group,DKD group,and Liraglutide treatment(Lir)group,with 4 rats in each group.The 24 hUAlb,TC,TG,LDL-C,serum creatinine(Scr),BUN,ferrous ion(Fe2+),the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and malondialdehyde(MDA)were detected in each group.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE),periodic acid-Schiff(PAS),and periodic acid-silver methenamine-Masson(PASM-Masson)staining were used to observe the pathological changes of the kidneys.Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the localization and expression of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the renal tissue.The protein expressions of Nrf2 and GPX4 were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the NC group,the levels of 24 hUAlb,Scr,BUN,TC,TG,LDL-C,MDA,ROS,and Fe2+were increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while the expressions of GSH-Px,Nrf2,and GPX4 proteins were decreased in the DKD group(P＜0.01).Compared with the DKD group,the levels of 24 hUAlb,BUN,TC,TG,LDL-C,MDA,ROS,and Fe2+were decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the expressions of GSH-Px,Nrf2,and GPX4 proteins were increased in the Lir group(P＜0.01).Conclusions Liraglutide may exert a protective effect in DKD by upregulating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway and inhibiting ferroptosis.