Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

AIM:To investigate the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNA LINC01615 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)cells.METHODS:Transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases were used to analyze the expres-sion level of LINC01615 in HNSCC cells and its correlation with patient survival.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expres-sion levels of LINC01615 in HNSCC and normal control cells.An siRNA-mediated LINC01615 knockdown HNSCC cell model was established,and high-content screening cell counting,ATP and CCK8 assays were performed to analyze cell proliferation.Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell migration and invasion.Bioinformatics analysis was em-ployed to predict potential target genes of LINC01615 and the biological processes and signaling pathways involved.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to validate the regulatory effect of LINC01615 on the candidate target gene TEAD2.Transcriptome data from TCGA and GEO databases were analyzed to determine the expression pattern of TEAD2 in HN-SCC.Functional cell experiments were performed to investigate the impact of TEAD2 knockdown on HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion.Rescue experiments were conducted to examine whether LINC01615 influenced the malignant phenotypes(proliferation,migration,and invasion)of HNSCC cells by regulating TEAD2 expression.RESULTS:The expression levels of LINC01615 were significantly higher in HNSCC tissues and cells than those in normal control tissues and cells,respectively(P<0.01).Knockdown of LINC01615 significantly inhibited HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion(P<0.01).Bioinformatics analysis identified 134 candidate target genes of LINC01615,which were primarily en-riched in tumor-related biological processes and signaling pathways,including angiogenesis,regulation of endothelial cell proliferation,regulation of cell migration,HPV infection,Hippo signaling pathway,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Knockdown of LINC01615 led to a significant decrease in TEAD2 expression in HNSCC cells(P<0.01).Functional cell studies demonstrated that TEAD2 knockdown suppressed HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion,whereas TEAD2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of LINC01615 knockdown on these malignant phenotypes.CONCLUSION:LINC01615 is upregulated in HNSCC tissues and cells,functioning as an oncogene.Mechanistic studies reveal that LINC01615 promotes HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion by upregulating TEAD2,a key transcription factor in the Hippo signaling pathway.These findings may provide a novel potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treat-ment of HNSCC.

AIM:To investigate the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNA LINC01615 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)cells.METHODS:Transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases were used to analyze the expres-sion level of LINC01615 in HNSCC cells and its correlation with patient survival.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expres-sion levels of LINC01615 in HNSCC and normal control cells.An siRNA-mediated LINC01615 knockdown HNSCC cell model was established,and high-content screening cell counting,ATP and CCK8 assays were performed to analyze cell proliferation.Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell migration and invasion.Bioinformatics analysis was em-ployed to predict potential target genes of LINC01615 and the biological processes and signaling pathways involved.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to validate the regulatory effect of LINC01615 on the candidate target gene TEAD2.Transcriptome data from TCGA and GEO databases were analyzed to determine the expression pattern of TEAD2 in HN-SCC.Functional cell experiments were performed to investigate the impact of TEAD2 knockdown on HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion.Rescue experiments were conducted to examine whether LINC01615 influenced the malignant phenotypes(proliferation,migration,and invasion)of HNSCC cells by regulating TEAD2 expression.RESULTS:The expression levels of LINC01615 were significantly higher in HNSCC tissues and cells than those in normal control tissues and cells,respectively(P<0.01).Knockdown of LINC01615 significantly inhibited HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion(P<0.01).Bioinformatics analysis identified 134 candidate target genes of LINC01615,which were primarily en-riched in tumor-related biological processes and signaling pathways,including angiogenesis,regulation of endothelial cell proliferation,regulation of cell migration,HPV infection,Hippo signaling pathway,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Knockdown of LINC01615 led to a significant decrease in TEAD2 expression in HNSCC cells(P<0.01).Functional cell studies demonstrated that TEAD2 knockdown suppressed HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion,whereas TEAD2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of LINC01615 knockdown on these malignant phenotypes.CONCLUSION:LINC01615 is upregulated in HNSCC tissues and cells,functioning as an oncogene.Mechanistic studies reveal that LINC01615 promotes HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion by upregulating TEAD2,a key transcription factor in the Hippo signaling pathway.These findings may provide a novel potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treat-ment of HNSCC.

Liquiritigenin(LG)is a flavone of pharmacological importance,however,its application potential is severely limited due to its poor water solubility.LG could be disassociated slightly in water to form phenolate anion,therefore,better solubilization effect is expected by inclusion with cationic cyclodextrins(CCDs).In this work,four kinds of CCDs modified with amino groups at the primary face were synthesized,and their solid inclusion complexes with LG were successfully prepared by preparing their saturated solutions.The formation of the solid inclusion complexes was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),and their supramolecular binding behavior in solution was studied using multiple techniques.A 1∶1 inclusion stoichiometry of inclusion complexation was defined using Job plot by ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)spectroscopy,and their binding stability constants(Ks)were determined as 2862.77,3494.70,6521.85 and 9599.48 L/mol using UV-vis spectroscopic titration,far more superior to that of nativeβ-CD(Ks=236.79 L/mol).This indicated that the amino side chains on CCDs could actively participate in the inclusion complexation through anion-cation interactions,significantly strengthening the host-guest binding between CCDs and LG.The inclusion modes were further elucidated based on proton and two-dimensional rotating-frame overhauser enhancement spectroscopy(2D-ROESY)nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)experiments and molecular docking.Water solubility of LG was dramatically promoted up to 4.9 mg/mL,which was 70-fold higher than that of native LG.This study could draw inspiration for the binding and solubilization of phenols such as flavones by design of cationic macrocyclic molecules.

Objective To investigate plasma protein expression changes in heatstroke patients using proteomics technology and to identify reliable prognostic biomarkers.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 heatstroke patients hospitalized at the 908th Hospital of the Chinese PLA Joint Logistics Support Force from July 2022 to February 2024.Patients were divided into survival(n=16)and death groups(n=4)based on 28-day outcomes.Fasting venous blood samples were collected from both groups for proteomic analysis.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)was used to identify and screen differentially expressed proteins.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analyses were performed.LASSO regression was applied to screen key prognostic biomarkers,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to evaluate their predictive value.Results A total of 27 upregulated and 90 downregulated proteins were identified between the two groups.These proteins were primarily involved in biological processes such as immune responses,complement activation,and metabolic processes.LASSO regression analysis indicated that actin-related protein 2(ARP2),cysteine-rich scavenger receptor type 1 M130(CD163),and catalase(CAT)could serve as effective biomarkers for evaluating heatstroke prognosis.ROC curve analysis demonstrated that ARP2 had higher diagnostic efficacy(AUC=0.98,sensitivity=0.80,specificity=1.00)compared to CD163(AUC=0.94,sensitivity=0.76,specificity=1.00),CAT(AUC=0.96,sensitivity=0.67,specificity=1.00),and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)score(AUC=0.79,sensitivity=0.44,specificity=1.00).Conclusion Elevated plasma ARP2 level has good clinical value for predicting poor prognosis in heatstroke patients.

Degenerative cervical myelopathy(DCM)is a group of diseases caused by cervical spine degeneration that compresses the spinal cord.It is a major cause of spinal cord dysfunction in adults,and its incidence is increasing globally.In the late stage,DCM could lead to paralysis due to spinal cord injury,which makes rapid,effective,and accurate medical diagnosis clinically significant.Deep learning(DL)technology can assist physicians in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of DCM by analyzing and processing a large amount of imaging data to extract features of the affected regions.In recent years,DL algorithm models have been leveraged for DCM-related research,which has become a focal point of intelligent medical development.In this review,domestic and international literature is surveyed,and the research progress and application of DL technology in the auxiliary diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of DCM are systematically summarized,aiming to provide a reference for intelligent diagnosis in clinical practice.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

This study was aimed at understanding the Blastocystis,Enteroc ytozoon bieneusi,Cryptosporidium spp.,Gi-ardia duodenalis,and Pentatrichomonas hominis infection status in Chinese Milu deer(Elaphurus davidianus)in various prov-inces of China.A total of 81 fecal samples were collected from Beijing,Inner Mongolia,Hebei,and Hubei.PCR was used to detect the protozoans,and their subtypes and zoonoticity were determined through sequence and phylogenetic analyses.PCR re-sults indicated an infection prevalence of 40.74％,19.75％,and 8.64％for Blastocystis,E.bieneusi,and Cryptosporidium spp.,respectively,whereas G.duodenalis and P.hominis was not detected.Only one subtype of Cryptosporidium spp.(Cryptosporidium deer genotype)was detected.Four E.biene-usi genotypes were detected:HLJD-V,MWC-d1,BEB6,and CGC2.Five Blastocystis ST types were found:ST10,ST14,ST21,ST23,and ST25.Cryptosporidium spp.,E.bieneusi,and Blastocystis infections were prevalent,and zoonotic subtypes or genotypes of E.bieneusi and Blastocystis were i-dentified.The prevention and control of intestinal protozoa in Chinese Milu deer would support population health and is im-portant for public health.

Objective To investigate the effects of sakuranetin (SK) on motor functions in the mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI) and decipher the mechanism. Methods Fifty-four C57BL/6J mice were randomized into sham,SCI,and SK groups.The mice in the sham group underwent only laminectomy at T9,while those in the SCI and SK groups were subjected to spinal cord contusion injury at T9.Behavioral tests were conducted at different time points after surgery to evaluate the motor functions of mice in each group.The pathological changes in the tissue were observed to assess the extent of SCI in each group.The role and mechanism of SK in SCI were predicted by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses.Reverse transcription real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,ELISA,and immunofluorescence were employed to evaluate the inflammation and activation of microglia in SCI mice.BV2 cells in vitro were classified into control (Con),lipopolysaccharide (LPS),and LPS+SK groups.The effects of SK intervention on the release of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of BV2 cells were evaluated.Furthermore,the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway activator insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was used to treat the SK-induced BV2 cells in vitro (SK+IGF-1 group),and SK was used to treat the IGF-1-induced BV2 cells in vitro (IGF-1+SK group).Western blotting was conducted for molecular mechanism validation. Results Behavioral tests and histological staining results showed that compared with the SCI group,the SK group exhibited improved motor abilities and reduced area of damage in the spinal cord tissue (all P<0.001).The GO enrichment analysis predicted that SK may be involved in the inflammation following SCI.The KEGG enrichment analysis predicted that SK regulated the PI3K/Akt pathway to exert the neuroprotective effect.The results from in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SK lowered the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1β and inhibited the activation of microglia (all P<0.05).The results of Western blotting showed that SK down-regulated the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt (all P<0.001) and inhibited the IGF-1-induced elevation of PI3K and Akt phosphorylation levels (all P<0.001).Conversely,IGF-1 had the opposite effects (P=0.001,P<0.001).The results of reverse transcription real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,ELISA,and immunofluorescence showed that the SK+IGF-1 group had higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and more activated microglia than the SK group(all P<0.05). Conclusion SK may suppress the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway to inhibit the inflammation mediated by SCI-induced activation of microglia,ameliorate the pathological damage of the spinal cord tissue,and promote the recovery of motor functions in SCI mice.
Animals ; Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology* ; Mice ; Microglia/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases/pathology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Male ; Inflammation ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of thumb-tack needling for subcutaeous embedding combined with joint mobilization in the treatment of post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome.Methods A total of 80 patients with post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 40 patients in each group.Both groups were given arthrocentesis,the control group was given ordinary acupuncture on the basis of arthrocentesis,and the treatment group was combined with thumb-tack needling for subcutaeous embedding.One course of treatment was 4 weeks and a total of 4 weeks of treatment was given.After 1 month of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.The changes of Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)of pain scores and simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA)scores,as well as the pain-free passive forward flexion and abduction of the shoulder joint of the affected limb were observed before and after treatment.The Simple Quality of Life Scale(SF-36)scores of the patients in the two groups were compared after treatment.The safety and the occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups were also evaluated.Results(1)The total effective rate was 95.00%(38/40)in the treatment group and 80.00%(32/40)in the control group.The efficacy of the treatment group was superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the VAS scores and upper extremity FMA scores of the patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the treatment group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the VAS scores and upper extremity FMA scores,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the joint mobility of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the improvement of shoulder joint movement in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the SF-36 Quality of Life Scale scores of the treatment group were significantly superior to those of the control group in terms of physical function,psychological function,emotional health,and social function levels,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(5)There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the treatment group and the control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Thumb-tack needling for subcutaeous embedding combined with joint mobilization exert certain effect in the treatment of post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome.It can significantly improve the pain symptoms of patients,thus improving their quality of life,and the clinical effect is remarkable.