ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of salt processing of Psoraleae Fructus （PF） through modern analytical techniques and biotechnology， focusing on its effects related to hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity. MethodsThe zebrafish model was utilized to evaluate the impact of PF and salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus （SPF） on the hepatotoxicity （using 134.17 ， 178.89， 268.34 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of PF， 135.04， 180.06， 270.08 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of SPF， respectively） and anti-osteoporotic activity （using 33.54 ， 67.08 and 134.17 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of PF， 33.76， 67.52， 135.04 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of SPF， respectively）， which was using alizarin red skull staining of zebrafish as an indicator of different batches of PF. The specific dosage of a batch of PF was taken as an example. Then ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） analysis was employed to identify the chemical composition of PF before and after salt processing， and PCA， OPLS-DA， and independent sample t-test were used to elucidating the compositional changes associated with the effects of salt processing on hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity. ResultsUnder specific conditions， PF induced notable hepatotoxicity in zebrafish while simultaneously demonstrating protective effect against prednisolone-induced osteoporosis. In comparison to PF， SPF showed alleviated hepatotoxicity while retaining significant anti-osteoporosis activity. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis revealed that after salt processing， the overall chemical composition of PF showed a downward trend， with 69 components showing a decrease in content， represented by psoralen， and 13 components showing an increase， represented by 4′-O-methyl psoralen B. Further multivariate statistical analysis revealed 11 key differential components before and after salt processing of PF， including psoralen and bakuchiol. ConclusionSalt processing effectively diminishes hepatotoxicity without impairing therapeutic efficacy against osteoporosis of PF， which may be related to the compositional changes before and after salt processing of PF and provides key evidence to reveal the scientific significance of salt processing of PF.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of electroacupuncture in mice with chronic obstructive pul-monary disease(COPD)and its underlying mechanisms.METHODS Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,electroacupuncture(EA)group,vagotomy group,and vagotomy+EA group,with 8 mice in each group.Except for the normal group,all groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 weeks to establish a COPD model.After model establishment,the vagotomy group and the vagotomy+EA group underwent left cervical vagotomy before EA.EA treatment was performed at the Feishu(BL13)and Zusanli(ST36)acupoints once daily for 20 minutes for a total of 14 days.After EA,the pulmonary ventilation function of the mice was detected by a pulmonary function analysis system;lung tissue pathology was observed by HE staining;the levels of inter-leukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-10,and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in lung tissue were detected by ELISA;the expression of CD86 and CD206 proteins in lung tissue was detected by Western blot;the distribution of F4/80+CD86+(M1 type)and F4/80+CD206+(M2 type)cells in lung tissue was determined by flow cytometry;the expression of CD86 and CD206 in lung tissue was observed by immunofluorescence.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,the model group showed significantly decreased lung function(P<0.01),obvious lung pathological damage,increased M1 proportion,IL-6,TNF-α,CD86 content and expression(P<0.05,P<0.01),and decreased M2 proportion,IL-10,TGF-β,CD206 content and expression(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the EA group showed varying degrees of improvement in lung function and pathology;the M1 proportion,IL-6,TNF-α,and CD86 were reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the M2 proportion,IL-10,TGF-β,and CD206 were increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The vagotomy group showed worsened lung function and pathology,increased IL-6,TNF-α,and CD86 content and expression(P<0.05,P<0.01),and decreased IL-10,TGF-β,and CD206 content and expression(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the EA group,the vagotomy+EA group showed increased M1 proportion,IL-6,TNF-α,and CD86 content and expression(P<0.01),and decreased M2 proportion,IL-10,TGF-β,and CD206 content and expression(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION EA at Feishu(BL13)and Zusanli(ST36)acupoints can improve lung function and pulmonary inflammation in COPD mice,promoting the polarization of alveolar macrophages from M1 to M2,which is mediated by the vagus nerve.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of electroacupuncture in mice with chronic obstructive pul-monary disease(COPD)and its underlying mechanisms.METHODS Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,electroacupuncture(EA)group,vagotomy group,and vagotomy+EA group,with 8 mice in each group.Except for the normal group,all groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 weeks to establish a COPD model.After model establishment,the vagotomy group and the vagotomy+EA group underwent left cervical vagotomy before EA.EA treatment was performed at the Feishu(BL13)and Zusanli(ST36)acupoints once daily for 20 minutes for a total of 14 days.After EA,the pulmonary ventilation function of the mice was detected by a pulmonary function analysis system;lung tissue pathology was observed by HE staining;the levels of inter-leukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-10,and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in lung tissue were detected by ELISA;the expression of CD86 and CD206 proteins in lung tissue was detected by Western blot;the distribution of F4/80+CD86+(M1 type)and F4/80+CD206+(M2 type)cells in lung tissue was determined by flow cytometry;the expression of CD86 and CD206 in lung tissue was observed by immunofluorescence.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,the model group showed significantly decreased lung function(P<0.01),obvious lung pathological damage,increased M1 proportion,IL-6,TNF-α,CD86 content and expression(P<0.05,P<0.01),and decreased M2 proportion,IL-10,TGF-β,CD206 content and expression(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the EA group showed varying degrees of improvement in lung function and pathology;the M1 proportion,IL-6,TNF-α,and CD86 were reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the M2 proportion,IL-10,TGF-β,and CD206 were increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The vagotomy group showed worsened lung function and pathology,increased IL-6,TNF-α,and CD86 content and expression(P<0.05,P<0.01),and decreased IL-10,TGF-β,and CD206 content and expression(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the EA group,the vagotomy+EA group showed increased M1 proportion,IL-6,TNF-α,and CD86 content and expression(P<0.01),and decreased M2 proportion,IL-10,TGF-β,and CD206 content and expression(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION EA at Feishu(BL13)and Zusanli(ST36)acupoints can improve lung function and pulmonary inflammation in COPD mice,promoting the polarization of alveolar macrophages from M1 to M2,which is mediated by the vagus nerve.

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between color and inner quality during the processing of Prunus mume carbon， and provide reference for the determination of processing end point of P. mume carbon. METHODS The chromaticity value of P. mume carbon powder was measured by colorimeter， and the inner quality of P. mume carbon was measured by selecting the contents of water， water-soluble extract， citric acid and tannin. The dynamic change trend of the chromaticity value， water， water- soluble extract， the contents of citric acid and tannin in P. mume carbon under different processing time was analyzed. The correlation between color and the above indexe contents was analyzed， and the regression equation of inner quality-chromaticity value was established. Combined with principal component analysis （PCA）， hierarchical cluster analysis （CA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）， the difference of P. mume carbon at different processing times was analyzed to determine the processing end point. RESULTS With the extension of processing time， the sample color gradually deepened； the chromaticity values L* and E* of the samples increased at first and then decreased， the chromaticity values a* and b* decreased， and finally all tended to be stable. The content of water-soluble extract， citric acid and tannin in the sample increased at first and then decreased， the water content of the sample decreased with time and finally stabilized. Correlation analysis showed that water， water-soluble extract， citric acid and tannin were positively correlated with L*， a*， b* and E*（P＜0.001）. PCA and HCA showed that P. mume carbon under different processing time could be clustered into two categories： the processed samples of 0-30 min and those of 40-60 min. PLS-DA showed that water and water-soluble extract were important quality indexes and b* was an important chrominance index in the processing of P. mume carbon. The chromaticity value of the samples processed for 50 min and 60 min were not significantly different. The contents of water， water- soluble extract， citric acid and tannin in the samples processed for 60 min were less than those processed for 50 min. CONCLUSIONS There is a certain correlation between the color and the inner quality of P. mume carbon. The processing time of P. mume carbon should be 40-50 min.

Objective:To explore the effect of grasping force circle training based on knowledge, attitude and practice theory in lung cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheter.Methods:From March 2020 to December 2021, a total of 90 lung cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheter in the Second People's Hospital of Datong were selected as the research objects using the convenient sampling method, and were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 45 cases each. The control group adopted routine grasping force circle training, and the observation group conducted grasping force circle training based on knowledge, attitude and practice theory. The scores of knowledge, attitude and practice, self-management ability and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results:After intervention, the scores of knowledge, attitude and behavior of the two groups were higher than those before intervention, and the scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of compliance of catheter maintenance, abnormal handling, confidence of catheter management, exercise of catheter, daily observation of catheter, information acquisition and daily life of catheter of the two groups were higher than those before intervention, and the scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After intervention, the incidence of complications of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Grasping force circle training based on knowledge, attitude and practice theory can improve the knowledge, attitude and practice level of lung cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheter, improve their self-management ability, and reduce the incidence of complications.

Objective To detect the expression levels of metallothionein1 H(MT1 H)in children and adoles-cents osteosarcoma serums,and to analyze its relationship with clinicopathological features,and to explore the effect of MT1 H on cell proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and its mechanism.Methods Enzyme -linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA)was performed to detect the expression of MT1 H in children and adolescents osteosarcoma serums and non-neoplastic disease serums.MT1 H vector was transfected into the osteosarcoma U2OS cells.Reverse transcription -poly-merase chain reaction(RT -PCR)and Western blot were used to detect the expression of the mRNA and protein of MT1 H,respectively.Methylthiazolyldiphenyl -tetrazolium bromide(MTT)was used to detect the cell growth.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of nuclear factor(NF)-κB,and inhibitor of κB (IκB)-αprotein. Results The expressions of MT1 H in osteosarcoma serums and nonneoplastic disease serums was (0.51 ± 0.52)μg/L and (2.17 ±0.78)μg/L,respectively,with a significant difference between the 2 groups(t =-8.966, P <0.05).The expression of MT1 H in stage Ⅰ -ⅡA andⅡB -Ⅲ was (1 .98 ±0.69)μg/L and (2.45 ±0.82)μg/L,respectively,showing a gradual increase depending on clinical staging(t =-2.343,P <0.05).The expressions of MT1 H mRNA and protein were elevated in osteosarcoma U2OS cells after MT1 H vector transfection(all P <0.05). MTT assay showed that,the A value in blank control group,blank vector group,MT1 H vector group were 0.38 ±0.03, 0.36 ±0.03,0.42 ±0.03,respectively,the cell proliferation in the MT1 H vector group was significantly promoted when compared with these in the blank vector group and blank control group(F =4.213,P <0.05)from the third day.West-ern blot showed that,the relative expression of NF -κB in blank control group,blank vector group,MT1 H vector group were 0.56 ±0.05,0.53 ±0.05,0.92 ±0.07,respectively,the relative expression of IκB -αprotein were 0.64 ± 0.06,0.62 ±0.09,0.34 ±0.08,respectively,the expression of NF -κB protein was up -regulated and the expression of IκB -αprotein was down -regulated in the MT1 H vector group when compared with those in the blank vector group and blank control group(F =44.581 ,14.927,all P <0.05).Conclusions The expression of MT1 H is increased in children and adolescents osteosarcoma serums compared with that in nonneoplastic disease serums.The clinical stage is later,the expression of MT1 H is higher.MT1 H promotes cell proliferation through regulating the NF -κB pathway.

Objective To understand the cleaning quality of dental handpieces in Suzhou City, analyze the relevant factors that influencing cleaning effect.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with the proportional system sampling method, questionnaires were adopted to investigate the cleaning location, cleaning method and process of dental handpieces, the ATP fluorescence detection method was conducted to detect cleaning quality.Results In 10 administrative regions of this city, a total of 72 medical institutions were selected, 25 were public medical oral diagnosis and treatment institutions, 47 were private clinics.Cleaning effect of automatic handpiece cleaning machine was better than traditional manual cleaning (unqualified rate :3.95% vs 11.96%, P<0.05), unqualified rate of handpieces cleaned by cleaning personnel without inadequate knowledge was higher than that by personnel with adequate knowledge(14.88% vs 3.57%, P<0.05).Qualified rate of cleaning: different cleaning locations ranged from 5.00% to 11.23%, cleaning equipment was inadequate and sufficient 11.89% and 7.29% respectively, cleaning personnel were not designated and designated 12.16% and 9.83% respectively, but the difference were not statistically significant (all P>0.05).The quality of cleaning of handpieces could be improved if waiting time of cleaning ≤30 minutes, enzymes were used during cleaning, and purified water was used at the end rinse(all P<0.05);whether there was drying process and used lubricant, difference were both not significant.Conclusion Using automatic handpiece cleaning machine, cleaning personnel with adequate knowledge, cleaning waiting time ≤30 minutes, enzyme use during the cleaning process, and purified water use at the end rinse can improve the quality of cleaning of dental handpieces.

Objective To explore the cleaning status and cleaning quality of dental handpieces in various types of medical institutions in Suzhou City.Methods On October 26-31, 2015, dental clinics in the whole city were sampled according to cross-sectional survey and proportional sampling method, the cleaning quality of dental handpieces in each clinic was detected by ATP bioluminescence assay.Results 72 medical institutions, 201 handpieces, 402 samples in 10 administrative regions of the city were sampled, 42 samples was unqualified, unqualified rate was 10.45％, unqualified rate of cleaning of dental handpiece surface was higher than waterline of dental handpiece(17.91％ vs 2.99％, P<0.05).Cleaning quality of dental handpieces in different grades of medical institutions was different(P<0.05), tertiary medical institutions were all ualified, medical institutions without grade was 14.45％.According to the classification based on name of different medical institutions, cleaning quality of handpieces was statistically significant(P<0.05), cleaning efficacy of dental handpieces in department of stomatology of public hospitals was best(unqualified rate was 4.31％), while private dental clinics had the worst cleaning efficacy(unqualified rate was 13.81％).Conclusion Education and training of dental handpieces cleaning in the whole city should be strengthened, especially the management of cleaning of dental handpieces in low grade and private dental clinics.

Background:Early administration of enteral nutrition can improve intestinal mucosal barrier in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP),reduce infection and complications;but when should the enteral nutrition be started is still controversial. Aims:To study the effect of different initiation time of enteral nutrition on elderly obese patients with SAP. Methods:The clinical efficacy,hospitalization time,hospitalization cost and the risk of complication were analyzed retrospectively in the two groups of patients with either ultra-early enteral nutrition (group A)or early enteral nutrition (group B),as well as the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines before and after treatment. Results:No significant difference in total effective rate was found between group A and group B (90. 9% vs. 79. 2%,χ2 = 1. 227,P > 0. 05). Compared with group B,the recovery time of blood and urine amylase,and hospitalization time in group A were significantly shortened and the cost of hospitalization was significantly decreased (P < 0. 05). The time of abdominal pain, bloating,vomiting and fever in group A was significantly shorter than that in group B (P < 0. 05). After 14 days of treatment,levels of IL-6,TNF-α and CRP in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (P < 0. 05). The incidence of infection was significantly lower in group A than in group B (P < 0. 05). Conclusions:Compared with early enteral nutrition group,ultra-early enteral nutrition for elderly obese patients with SAP has better efficacy,and has a shorter hospital stay and lower hospitalization cost.

Objective To explore the effect of the dexamethasone on the levels of cytokine in the brain of endotoxin shock rats. Methods 54 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to the sham group, LPS group (lipopolysaccharide 8 mg/kg, i.v.) and DEX group (dexamethasone 5 mg/kg, i.v., in addition). The blood pressure was measured dynamically. The contents of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected with ELISA 1 h, 3 h, 6 h after shock. Results As the occurrence and development of shock, blood pressure went down gradually, IL-4 and IL-10 decreased (P<0.01), and TNF-α increased (P<0.01) in LPS group, while the TNF-α decreased (P<0.01), the IL-4 and IL-10 increased (P<0.01) in the DEX group compared with the LPS group. Conclusion Dexamethasone may protect the brain from the endotoxin shock injury in rats through regulating the inflammatory factor.