Objective: To explore the risk factors of allogeneic blood transfusion during lung transplant surgery and prognostic effects of transfusion by analyzing the basic data, surgical details, laboratory tests results, and intraoperative blood transfusion details during the perioperative period of lung transplant, so as to guide clinical blood use. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 319 patients who underwent lung transplantation surgery in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023. The patients were divided into a non-transfusion group (n=70) and a transfusion group (n=249) based on their intraoperative blood transfusion status. The clinical data, surgical details, perioperative laboratory results and other relevant preoperative and postoperative parameters were compared between the two groups, and the postoperative prognosis (improvement, non-recovery, and death) was analyzed. Results: After comparison between the two groups of patients, it was found that the non-transfusion group had higher levels of preoperative Hb (g/L)(144.41±17.66 vs 129.78±20.44), preoperative Hct [43.25(40.23, 47.5) vs 40.7(37, 43.55)], preoperative TBIL (μmol/L)[11.45(9.15, 15.3)vs 9.9(6.88, 13.33)], and postoperative PLT (×10 /L)(167.74±64.43 vs 132.37±54.84) than the transfusion group (all P<0.05). The non-transfusion group had lower levels of preoperative pCO (mmHg)[41.4(37.4, 45.8)vs 45.3(40, 52.48)], postoperative TBIL (μmol/L)[25.45(17.68, 33.95)vs 30.8(21.55, 43.05)], postoperative pH (7.41±0.09 vs 7.45±0.10), bilateral lung transplantation [27(38.6%) vs 157(63.1%)], surgical duration (h) [5(4, 7)vs 6.5(5, 8)], use of ECMO [52(74.3%) vs 232(93.2%)], and intraoperative blood loss (mL)[600(500, 800)vs 1 000(800, 1 500)] compared to the transfusion group (all P<0.05). The items with P<0.1 in the compared indicators were included in the binary logistic regression analysis, and the results showed that bilateral lung transplantation, intraoperative blood loss, preoperative TBIL, postoperative PLT, postoperative TBIL, preoperative pCO2, and postoperative pH were significantly correlated with whether blood transfusion was performed (P<0.05). The P values of the Chi-square test for postoperative improvement and mortality in the non transfusion group and transfusion group were both greater than 0.05, indicating no statistically significant difference in the prognosis rate between the two groups of patients. Conclusion: Bilateral lung transplantation, intraoperative blood loss, preoperative TBIL, and preoperative pCO are risk factors for blood transfusion during lung transplantation. Intraoperative blood transfusion has a significant impact on postoperative PLT, postoperative TBIL, and postoperative pH indicators, but has no significant effect on prognosis. A comprehensive evaluation of laboratory indicators and surgical details can help developing blood transfusion strategies more effectively.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent and intractable ocular disease induced by a variety of causes. Elevated sphingomyelin (SM) levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected on the ocular surface of DED patients, particularly in the meibomian glands. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2), one of the proteins involved in SM synthesis, would light a novel way of developing a DED therapy strategy. Herein, we report the design and optimization of a series of novel thiophene carboxamide derivatives to afford 14l with an improved highly potent inhibitory activity on SM synthesis (IC_{50, SMS2} = 28 nmol/L). Moreover, 14l exhibited a notable protective effect of anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis on human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) under TNF-α-hyperosmotic stress conditions in vitro, with an acceptable ocular specific distribution (corneas and meibomian glands) and pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles (t _{1/2, cornea} = 1.11 h; t _{1/2, meibomian glands} = 4.32 h) in rats. Furthermore, 14l alleviated the dry eye symptoms including corneal fluorescein staining scores and tear secretion in a dose-dependent manner in mice. Mechanically, 14l reduced the mRNA expression of Tnf-α, Il-1β and Mmp-9 in corneas, as well as the proportion of very long chain SM in meibomian glands. Our findings provide a new strategy for DED therapy based on selective SMS2 inhibitors.

BACKGROUND:The temporal and spatial expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 2 remains a controversial issue during kidney development,so the relationship between them and kidney development remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the dynamic expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 2 during kidney development of mice,and to investigate the relationship between them and kidney development. METHODS:The kidneys of fetal mice[embryotic days(E)12,14,16,and 18]and neonatal mice[neonatal days(N)1,3,7,14,24,and 40]were selected to examine the temporal and spatial expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 2 by immunohistochemistry method in kidney tissues,and quantitative analysis was performed using western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Immunohistochemistry showed that fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 was mainly localized in metanephric tissue surrounding the tip of the ureteral bud at E12.Subsequently,fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 was expressed in immature renal corpuscles at various stages,some distal convoluted tubules and capillary loops.The positive site was mainly concentrated in the generative region.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 was initially expressed in both ureteral buds and metanephric tissue.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 was localized in immature renal corpuscles,distal tubules,collecting ducts and thin segments of medullary loops with kidney development.However,the expression of renal corpuscles was weak.(2)Stereology and western blot assay showed that the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 was high before birth and gradually decreased after birth,while the expression was very low after N7 day.The expression level of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 increased gradually with the kidney development and tended to be stable after N7 day.(3)The results exhibit that fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 2 are expressed spatially and temporally during kidney development.It is speculated that fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 2 may influence nephron development and maturation,and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 is critical during the formation of ureteral buds and morphology.

Objective:To retrieve, screen, and summarize the best evidence for non-pharmacological management of Parkinson's disease patients with depression, so as to provide evidence-based basis for medical and nursing staff to standardize the non-pharmacological management.Methods:Following the "6S" evidence model, relevant literature was systematically searched from top to bottom in UpToDate, British Medical Journal, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Guidelines International Network, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Medlive, Parkinson's Society of Canada, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang Data. The search period was from database establishment to March 31, 2023. After conducting methodological quality evaluation based on literature standards, evidence was extracted and summarized from literature that met the standards, and the level of each evidence was determined.Results:A total of 22 articles were included, including one clinical decision-making, three guidelines, 14 systematic reviews, and four expert consensuses. A total of 30 best evidence were formed from six aspects, namely screening and evaluation, psychological intervention, physical therapy, traditional Chinese medicine therapy, exercise, and health education.Conclusions:The best evidence for non-pharmacological management of Parkinson's disease patients with depression summarized provides evidence-based basis for the development of non-pharmacological management plans for Parkinson's disease patients with depression.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between residual cholesterol (RC) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in non-diabetic population.Methods:Non-diabetes population received health examination in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 were retrospectively included. According to the carotid ultrasound results, they were divided into cIMT thickening group (≥1 mm) and non-thickening group (<1 mm). The RC level was calculated according to total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between RC and cIMT. Results:A total of 1 803 non-diabetes subjects, aged 58.3±15.6 years, including 1 100 males (61.0%), were enrolled. There were 916 patients (50.8%) in the cIMT thickening group and 887 (49.2%) in the non-cIMT thickening group. Compared with the non-cIMT thickening group, cIMT thickening group had significantly higher proportion of male, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, past stroke history, smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as significantly higher age, blood glucose, triglyceride, RC, TC and LDL-C, and significantly lower HDL-C (all P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that RC was independently associated with cIMT thickening ( Ptrend<0.001). Conclusion:RC is associated with cIMT thickening in non-diabetes population.

Objective:To explore MRI T 2-mapping and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) to evaluate the functional changes of paraspinal muscle in rats with discogenic low back pain (DLBP) after swimming. Methods:Totally 54 female 1-month-old SD rats were selected, which were divided into 3 groups by random number table method, sham operation (Sham) group, DLBP non-swimming group and DLBP swimming group, with 18 rats in each group. Under the guidance of X-ray fluoroscopy, the L4/5 and L5/6 intervertebral discs of the rats in the DLBP non-swimming group and DLBP swimming group were punctured by the posterior approach, and establishment of DLBP rat model by destroying nucleus pulposus, and only paraspinal muscles at the same level were punctured in the Sham group. After modeling, the DLBP swimming group received swimming exercise intervention for 5 consecutive days (30 min/d), while the DLBP non-swimming group and Sham group did not receive any rehabilitation exercise intervention. Each group was divided into 3 time point subgroups on average, the T 2-mapping and BOLD sequences were scanned at 30, 90 and 180 days after modeling to obtain the T 2 value, R 2* value of the paraspinal muscles, and the paraspinal muscles at the modeling level were taken for immunofluorescence staining, and the fluorescence intensity of myosin heavy chain (MYH)1 (type Ⅱ muscle fiber) and MYH7 (type I muscle fiber) was analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison among the 3 groups, and the Bonferroni method was used for multiple comparisons, and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between quantitative MRI parameters T 2 value, R 2* value and MYH1, MYH7 immunofluorescence intensity of rat paraspinal muscles at 180 days after modeling. Results:At 30 days after modeling, there was no significant difference in T 2 value and R 2* value among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). At 90 days after modeling, the T 2 value of the DLBP swimming group was higher than that of the DLBP non-swimming group, and the T 2 value of the DLBP non-swimming group was lower than that of the Sham group (all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the R 2* value among the 3 groups ( P>0.05). At 180 days after modeling, the T 2 value of the DLBP swimming group was higher than that of the DLBP non-swimming group, and the R 2* value was lower than that of the DLBP non-swimming group; the T 2 value of the DLBP non-swimming group was lower than that of the Sham group, and the R 2* value was higher than that of the Sham group (all P<0.05). At 30 and 90 days after modeling, there was no significant difference in the expressions of MYH1 and MYH7 among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). At 180 days after modeling, the expression of MYH1 decreased and the expression of MYH7 increased in the DLBP swimming group compared with the DLBP non-swimming group; the expression of MYH1 increased and the expression of MYH7 decreased in the DLBP non-swimming group compared with the Sham group (all P<0.05). At 180 days after modeling, the T 2 value had a moderate negative correlation with the fluorescence intensity of MYH1 ( r=-0.511, P=0.043), and a moderate positive correlation with the fluorescence intensity of MYH7 ( r=0.564, P=0.023); R 2* value was moderate positive correlated with the fluorescence intensity of MYH1 ( r=0.625, P=0.010), and moderate negative correlated with the fluorescence intensity of MYH7 ( r=-0.653, P=0.006). Conclusions:Swimming exercise can improve the reduction of water content and perfusion in the paraspinal muscles of DLBP rats, and reduce the transformation of muscle fibers from type Ⅰ to type Ⅱ, the changes of T 2 and R 2* value can reflect the transformation of paraspinal muscle fiber types to a certain extent.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for intraoperative hemorrhage during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal lesions.Methods:Data of 386 patients with colorectal lesions, who underwent ESD at The Third People's Hospital of Datong and its cooperative hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, from December 2019 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the hemorrhage group ( n=85) and the non-hemorrhage group ( n=301) according to intraoperative hemorrhage. The correlationship of patients'basic information, lesion-related factors and hemorrhage during colorectal ESD was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors for intraoperative hemorrhage during ESD. The risk predictive model of intraoperative hemorrhage during ESD was established according to the screened risk factors, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive model. Results:Univariate logistic regression showed that a history of diabetes ( OR=2.340, P<0.05), a history of coronary atherosclerotic heart diseases ( OR=3.100, P<0.05), the lesion located in the rectum ( OR=3.272, P<0.05), longer lesion ( OR=1.093, P<0.05), wider lesion ( OR=1.057, P<0.05), larger lesion ( OR=1.126, P<0.05), depressed lesion ( OR=6.128, P<0.05), the laterally spreading lesion ( OR=2.651, P<0.05), the lesion infiltrated into the SM-S layer ( OR=0.088, P<0.05), the lesion infiltrated into the SM-D layer ( OR=0.174, P<0.05), the diameter of hemorrhage vessels 0.5~<1.0 times of the diameter of incision knife ( OR=246.854, P<0.05), the postoperative pathology as early cancer ( OR=7.000, P<0.05) were risk factors for intraoperative hemorrhage during ESD. Considering the quantitative relationship between the length, the width and the area of lesions, multi-factor models were constructed using the length and area of lesions respectively. Forward stepwise regression was used to screen variables and determine the final model, and the results showed that a history of coronary atherosclerotic heart diseases, the depressed lesion, the longer lesion, the larger lesion, the diameter of hemorrhage vessels 0.5~<1.0 times of the diameter of the incision knife were independent risk factors for intraoperative hemorrhage during ESD. The two modeling results of the lesion length and the lesion area were very similar. Therefore, lesion length was recommended to describe lesions in clinical practice. Conclusion:A history of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, the depressed lesion, the longer lesion, the larger lesion, the diameter of vessels 0.5~<1.0 times of that of the incision knife are independent risk factors for intraoperative hemorrhage during ESD.

Objective:To investigate the predictors of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).Methods:Patients with CVST treated in Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University from January 2008 to March 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The risk factors, clinical manifestations, imaging examination and 90 d follow-up data were collected. The complicated intracranial hemorrhage group and non-intracranial hemorrhage group were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with CVST. Results:A total of 104 patients with CVST were enrolled, including 42 males and 62 females. Their age was 35.24 ± 10.92 years old (range 22-68 years). Thirty-eight patients (36.84%) were complicated with intracranial hemorrhage, including 34 hemorrhagic cerebral infarction and 4 complicated subarachnoid hemorrhage. Univariate analysis showed that compared with the non-intracerebral hemorrhage group, the intracranial hemorrhage group was more common in puerperal/pregnant patients (60.52% vs. 48.48%; P=0.012), with more acute onset (57.89% vs. 48.48%; P=0.004), focal neurological signs (47.37% vs. 19.70%; P=0.003) and seizure (39.47% vs. 18.18%; P=0.017), and the site of thrombosis was more common in the superior sagittal sinus (57.89% vs. 36.36%; P=0.033). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that puerperium/pregnancy (odds ratio 2.857, 95% confidence interval 1.095-7.453; P=0.031) and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis (odds ratio 2.847, 95% confidence interval 1.110-7.302; P=0.027) were the independent predictors of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with CVST. The analysis at 90 d after onset showed that there was no significant difference in the good outcome rate between the intracranial hemorrhage group and the non-intracranial hemorrhage group (86.84% vs. 89.39%; P=0.695). Conclusions:Puerperium/pregnancy and superior sagittalsinus thrombosis are the independent risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in patients with CVST. However, complicated with intracranial hemorrhage is not associated with 90-day clinical outcomes.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic integral pelvic floor/ligament repair (IPFLR) combined with a procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) and that laparoscopic IPFLR alone in the treatment of internal rectal prolapse (IRP) in women.Methods:Patients were divided into groups A in which 63 patients undergoing laparoscopic IPFLR alone, and group B of 67 patients reciving laparoscopic IPFLR combined with PPH. The degree of internal rectal prolapse (DIRP), Wexner constipation scale (WCS) score, Wexner incontinence scale (WIS) score, and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) score were compared between these two groups and in each group those before surgery and 6 months, 2 years, and 5 years after surgery.Results:The number of bowel movements , DIRP, WCS score, WIS score, and GIQLI score before surgery were not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.05). The DIRP, WCS score, WIS score, and GIQLI score in each group 6 months, 2 years, and 5 years after surgery in both two groups were significantly better than those before surgery (all P<0.001). The DIRP, WCS score, WIS score, and GIQLI score in group B were significantly better than those in group A at 6 months, 2 years, and 5 years after surgery (all P<0.05) except DIRP at 2 years after surgery (all P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate of IRP between the two groups when evaluated at 5 years after surgery ( P=0.001). Conclusions:Integral theory-guided laparoscopic IPFLR combined with PPH has a higher cure rate and a better clinical efficacy than laparoscopic IPFLR alone.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨叉头框蛋白D3（forkhead box protein D3，FOXD3）在胃贲门腺癌（gastric cardia adenocarcinoma，GCA）中的表达及其对SGC-7901细胞生物学行为的影响。方法：从河北医科大学第四医院生物标本库中选取2014年6月至2016年12月手术切除的49例GCA组织及相应癌旁组织标本，qRT-PCR检测FOXD3在GCA组织、癌旁组织以及在5种胃癌细胞系中（BGC-823、SGC-7901、HGC-27、MGC-803及NCI-N87）的表达。向SGC-7901细胞转染pc-DNA3.1-FOXD3或pc-DNA3.1，采用细胞增殖实验、克隆形成实验、划痕愈合实验和Transwell小室侵袭实验分别检测FOXD3过表达对SGC-7901细胞增殖、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭的影响，qRT-PCR及WB法检测细胞转染前后上皮-间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition，EMT）相关分子mRNA及蛋白的表达情况，流式细胞术检测转染前后细胞周期改变。结果：GCA组织中FOXD3 mRNA的表达量明显降低，其表达水平与患者临床分期和淋巴结转移密切关联；FOXD3在胃癌细胞系中的表达均低于正常细胞（均P<0.01）。FOXD3过表达能明显抑制SGC-7901细胞的增殖、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭能力（均P<0.01），提高SGC-7901细胞中E-cadherin的表达水平，减少N-cadherin、β-catenin和vimentin的表达水平（均P<0.01），使细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期（P<0.01）。结论: FOXD3在GCA组织中的表达明显下调，其过表达可以抑制胃癌细胞的生物学行为，FOXD3可作为抑癌基因为肿瘤治疗提供新思路。