The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect and possible related mechanisms of Sophora subprostrate polysaccharide(SSP)on intestinal epithelial cell injury in-duced by Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP).The optimal dose of TBHP and the safe concentra-tion range of SSP were determined using the MTT method.In this study,IPEC-J2 cells were divid-ed into five groups:the control group,the model group,the SSPL group,the SSPM group and the SSPH group,and the cell morphology,cell survival rate and LDH release rate were observed and measured.The content of intracellular reactive ROS was observed and determined by DCFH-DA staining.The content of MDA in the supernatant and the antioxidant index of cells were determined by the reagent kit.Transcriptome technology was employed to analyze the potential mechanisms by which SSP mitigates oxidative damage in IPEC-J2 cells.The results showed that treatment with 625 μmol/L TBHP for 2 h significantly reduced the activity of IPEC-J2 cells,markedly increased LDH release(P＜0.05),inhibited CAT superoxide SOD and glutathione GPX activities(P＜0.05),and significantly elevated MDA and ROS levels(P＜0.05).Compared to the model group,after SSP treatment,intracellular ROS levels were significantly reduced(P＜0.05),while CAT,SOD,and GPX activities were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and MDA content and LDH re-lease were significantly decreased(P＜0.05)in a dose-dependent manner.Transcriptome analysis revealed that TBHP treatment significantly altered the transcriptional profiles of IPEC-J2 cells,while SSP treatment could restore the transcriptional profiles of the damaged cells to a certain ex-tent.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)indicated that the differentially expressed genes between the CC and TBHP groups were significantly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation,ribosome,and other pathways.Meanwhile,the differentially expressed genes between the SSP and TBHP groups were mainly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation,ap-optosis,glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,and other pathways.These results suggest that TBHP may disrupt normal oxidative respiration in IPEC-J2 cells by affecting oxidative phospho-rylation and interfering with metabolism pathways involving glycine,serine,and threonine,leading to oxidative damage in intestinal epithelial cells.Conversely,SSP treatment may potentially restore oxidative phosphorylation processes,alleviate lysosomal damage,reduce cell apoptosis,and miti-gate oxidative damage in intestinal epithelial cells through modulation of oxidative phosphoryla-tion,apoptosis,and lysosomal pathways.This discovery provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of SSP in alleviating oxidative damage in the porcine intestinal tract.

Objective:To investigate the association of serum levels of intelectin-1(ITLN-1),N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)with coronary ar-tery disease severity in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods:A total of 269 patients suspected of AMI admitted in Yulin Xingyuan Hospital between January 2021 and January 2024 were retrospectively enrolled.According to coronary angiography combined with examination of clinical symptoms,137 patients were diagnosed with AMI(AMI group)and the remaining 132 cases were included in control group.Serum ITLN-1,NT-proB-NP,and Lp-PLA2 levels were compared between AMI group and control group;Logistic regression was used to ex-plore the factors associated with AMI.A nomogram model was constructed based on the factors of AMI.Serum ITLN-1,NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 levels were compared among AMI patients with different coronary artery disease severity,and their association with coronary artery disease severity was analyzed by Pearson correlation coef-ficient.Results:Serum ITLN-1 level was significantly lower,and serum levels of NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 were significantly higher in AMI group compared to control group(P＜0.001 all).Multivariate Logistic regression indicated that ITLN-1(OR=0.971,95％CI 0.945～0.998,P=0.032)was independent protective factor for AMI,while NT-proBNP(OR=1.017,95％CI 1.007～1.028,P＜0.001)andLp-PLA2(OR=1.039,95％CI 1.004～1.075,P=0.030)were independent risk factors.A nomogram model was constructed according to these factors.The calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves showed good predictive value,and decision curve analysis(DCA)also indicated a significant net benefit.As coronary artery disease aggravated,se-rum ITLN-1 level significantly reduced and serum NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 levels significantly increased(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Pearson correlation analysis showed that ITLN-1 was inversely correlated with coronary artery disease severity(r=-0.906,P＜0.001),while NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 were positively correlated with it(r=0.860,0.885,P＜0.001 both).Conclusion:ITLN-1 is an independent protective factor for AMI,while NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 are the independent risk factors.All of above-mentioned indexes are significantly correla-ted with coronary artery disease severity,and the combination of them had good diagnostic value for AMI.

Objective:To explore the effect of psoas muscle index (PMI) and construct a machine learning model to validate the 180-day prognosis in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.Methods:Retrospective data were collected from patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2022 to November 2022. The area of the psoas muscle index (PMI) at the level of the third lumbar vertebra was measured and calculated based on the abdominal X-ray computed tomography images stored in the Eastern China Hospital Information System (HIS). Patients were divided into low PMI and normal PMI groups according to the receiver operating characteristic curve. Patients clinical data and complication status were collected.The general conditions of both groups were compared using a t-test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied for survival analysis. The outcome variable was 180-day mortality, and variables were selected using Cox and LASSO regression. The dataset was divided into training and testing sets in a 7∶3 ratio. Machine learning algorithms were used to build models in the training set, and model performance was validated by the test set. The model for MELD-Na score was compared with the model for End-Stage Liver Disease score. Results:A total of 298 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were included.The MELD scores, Child-Pugh classification, and NRS2002 scores, along with the incidence rate of complications such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, infections, and gastrointestinal bleeding, were significantly higher in the low PMI than the normal PMI group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The area under a receiver operating characteristic curve for the extreme gradient boosting model was higher than traditional clinical scores (MELD score 0.658, MELD_Na score 0.719) in the machine learning model. Furthermore, the application of SHAP results model indicated that PMI, hemoglobin, NRS2002 score, direct bilirubin, and blood ammonia were important factors in predicting the prognosis of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Conclusion:A low PMI is closely related to poorer survival rates and the development of complication rates in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. The machine learning prediction model based on this construction, especially extreme gradient boosting, has favorable predictive performance, which is superior to the traditional clinical scoring system and can provide patients with the most accurate risk assessment and individualized treatment plan.

Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics(PK)and pharmacodynamics(PD)of propofol injectable emulsion,and to assess the bioequivalence of test and reference formulations in healthy Chinese adult volunteers.Methods Thirty-two healthy Chinese adult volunteers were recruited and randomly assigned to a fasting.single-dose,two-period and double-crossover study.Propofol was given to eligible subjects at a speed of 30 μg·kg-1·min-1 for 30 min.The concentration of propofol in plasma was determined by avalidated high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometery(HPLC-MS/MS)method.The PK parameters of the two preparations were calculated.Bispectral index(BIS)was measured to calculate the PD parameters of two formulations.Adverse events during the trial were recorded.Results Thirty-one volunteers were included in the pharmacokinetic parameter set.The mean values of PK parameters of test andreference formulations were as follows:Cmax were(660.87±110.25)and(683.13±125.75)ng·mL-1;AUC0-t were(473.50±86.03)and(478.40±80.25)h·ng·mL-1;AUC0-∞ were(500.45±96.49)and(507.84±88.00)h·ng·mL-1;tmax were 0.47(0.25,0.53)and 0.50(0.40,0.54)h;t1/2 were(2.97±1.74)and(3.08±1.82)h.Thirty-one volunteers were included in the bioequivalence set.The 90％confidence intervals(CI)for the geometric mean ratios of Cmax,AUC0-t,AUC0-∞ were 92.64％-101.39％,96.43％-101.00％,95.67％-100.70％,respectively.The mean values of PD parameters of test and reference formulations were as follows:BISmin were(75.94±13.66)and(74.39±12.32);BISAUC0-60minwere 5 569.85±182.78 and 5 575.68±166.19;T-BISmin were 23.00 and 29.00 min,respectively.There were no serious adverse events.Conclusion Two formulations of propofol injectable emulsion were bioequivalent and both of them exhibited good safety.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

This study investigated the disease characteristics and clinical traits of Nocardia infection,and analyzed the antibiotic resistance phenotypes,antibiotic resistance genes,and evolutionary characteristics of the strains,to provide a basis for Nocardia diag-nosis and treatment.A total of 31 Nocardia strains from a hospital in Hebei Province were collected from 2020 to 2023.The strains were identified through mass spectrometry and whole genome sequencing.Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted with the broth macrodilution method,and whole genome sequencing data were used to predict antibiotic resistance genes and comprehensively ana-lyze antibiotic resistance phenotypes.The 31 strains of Nocardia comprised 21 strains of Nocardia farcinica,3 strains of Nocardia ter-penica,three strains of Nocardia brasiliensis,two strains of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica,and two strains of Nocardia nova.The ceftriaxone susceptibility of 21 Nocardia farcinica strains was 85.7%,and all 31 strains were susceptible to imipenem,except for three strains of Nocardia brasiliensis.Rifampicin,aminoglycoside,and β-lactam resistance genes were found in Nocardia farcinica.Pathogenic tests should be carried out in a timely manner for suspected Nocardia infections.In clinical treatment of Nocardia infection,infected strains should be confirmed,and antibiotics should be used rationally according to the antibiotic susceptibility test results.

Objective To investigate the effect of loganin(Log)on glutamine metabolism in cervical cancer through the regula-tion of nuclear factor red blood cell 2 related factor 2(NFE2L2)-ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1)-glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4).Methods Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify common targets of Log,glutamine metabolism,and cervical cancer.Hela cells were divided into Blank,control(Ctrl),Log,cisplatin(DDP),NFE2L2 activator(TBHQ),NFE2L2 inhibitor(ML385),and TBHQ+Log groups to detect cell proliferation,invasion,apoptosis,glutamine metabolism,and the protein expression of NFE2L2,FTH1,and GPX4.A cervical cancer xenograft mouse model was established to investigate the in vivo effects of Log on the progression of cervical cancer.Results Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that NFE2L2 might be a target of Log in the treatment of cervical cancer.Both Log and DDP reduced the proliferation and invasion abilities of Hela cells,increased apoptosis,and decreased the levels of glutamine and glutamic acid,as well as the protein expression of glutaminase(GLS1)and glutamic dehydrogenase(GLUD1,P<0.05).The NFE2L2 activator TBHQ had opposite effects,whereas ML385 had a similar impact on the Log.Additionally,Log treatment inhibited the protein expression of NFE2L2,FTH1,and GPX4(P<0.05).Animal experiments showed that Log significantly inhibited cervical cancer progression(P<0.05).Conclusion Log affects cervical cancer progression via glutamine metabolism by inhibiting the NFE2L2-FTH1-GPX4 signaling pathway.

Hospital pharmacy research is significant in enhancing the level of rational drug use,improving the quality of pharmacy services,and promoting the improvement of drug treatment effects.To guarantee the standardization of hospital pharmacy research,the compilation team of"Hospital Pharmacy Research Standards"adheres to the principles of scientificity,universality,guidance,and operability,combs through the key management contents from three aspects,namely,relevant national policy docu-ments,relevant domestic and international standards and norms,and literature analysis,combines with the actual working condition of hospital pharmacy research,and formulates the standards after several rounds of opinion collection and expert argumentation.This paper analyzes the key contents of the standard,including basic requirements,research process management,and research re-sults management,to provide guidance and reference for hospital pharmacy researchers to understand the standard in-depth and further improve the standardization of hospital pharmacy research.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for unresectable pancreatic cancer.Methods Totally 84 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for unresectable pancreatic cancer were enrolled,and the technical success rate,complete ablation rate,complication rate,pain relief rate and survival time,etc.were observed.Results The median age of 84 cases was 61.5 years.Totally 86 tumors,including 44.19％(38/86)at the head/neck and 55.81％(48/86)at the body/tail of pancreas were detected,and a total of 85 ablation sessions were performed with the median ablation energy applied per tumor of 9.90(1.08,21.60)kJ and the complete ablation rate of 42.86％(36/84).The technical success rate was 100％(85/85).Thirty-nine complication events occurred in 25 cases,no ablation-related death.Among 34 patients underwent ablation mainly for pain symptoms,the pain score decreased from(6.22±1.12)points before treatment to(1.94±1.64)points after treatment(P＜0.001).During 6.8(3.3,12.9)months' follow-up,the mean survival time was(8.5±6.7)months,and all 47 patients died due to tumor progression.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation was safe and feasible for unresectable pancreatic cancer.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.