Health economics evidence plays an important role in linking clinical value evidence with health resource allocation decisions in the development of clinical practice guidelines. It can not only effectively balance clinical effectiveness and economic feasibility but also avoid forming "idealized" recommendations that are detached from the affordability of the healthcare system or the burden-bearing capacity of patients. To promote guideline developers to use health economics evidence more standardizedly and fully, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the current application status, existing challenges, access channels, and application processes of health economics evidence in current guidelines, and on this basis, puts forward considerations and suggestions for strengthening and standardizing the application of health economics evidence in China's clinical practice guidelines.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical benefits of the integrated optical and magnetic surgical navigation system in assisting transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent TELD for LDH at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from November 2022 to December 2023. Patients treated with the integrated optical and magnetic surgical navigation system were defined as the navigation-guided TELD (Ng-TELD) group (30 cases), while those treated with the conventional x-ray fluoroscopy method were defined as the control group (31 cases). Record and compare baseline characteristics, surgical parameters, efficacy indicators, and adverse events between the 2 patient groups. Results: The average follow-up duration for the 61 patients was 11.8 months. Postoperatively, both groups exhibited significant relief from back and leg pain, which continued to improve over time. At the final follow-up, patients’ lumbar function and quality of life had significantly improved compared to preoperative levels (p < 0.05). The Ng-TELD group had significantly shorter total operation time (58.43 ± 12.37 minutes vs. 83.23 ± 25.90 minutes), catheter placement time (5.83 ± 1.09 minutes vs. 15.94 ± 3.00 minutes), decompression time (47.17 ± 11.98 minutes vs. 67.29 ± 24.23 minutes), and fewer intraoperative fluoroscopies (3.20 ± 1.45 vs. 16.58 ± 4.25) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of efficacy evaluation indicators and hospital stay. At the final follow-up, the excellent and good rate of surgical outcomes assessed by the MacNab criteria was 98.4%, and the overall adverse event rate was 8.2%, with no statistically significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the integrated optical and magnetic surgical navigation system can reduce the complexity of TELD, shorten operation time, and minimize radiation exposure for the surgeon, highlighting its promising clinical potential.

Locomotion, a fundamental motor function encompassing various forms such as swimming, walking, running, and flying, is essential for animal survival and adaptation. The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), located at the midbrain-hindbrain junction, is a conserved brain area critical for controlling locomotion. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the MLR’s structure and function across species, from lampreys to mammals and birds, with a particular focus on insights gained from optogenetic studies in mammals. The goal is to uncover universal strategies for MLR-mediated locomotor control. Electrical stimulation of the MLR in species such as lampreys, salamanders, cats, and mice initiates locomotion and modulates speed and patterns. For example, in lampreys, MLR stimulation induces swimming, with increased intensity or frequency enhancing propulsive force. Similarly, in salamanders, graded stimulation transitions locomotor outputs from walking to swimming. Histochemical studies reveal that effective MLR stimulation sites colocalize with cholinergic neurons, suggesting a conserved neurochemical basis for locomotion control. In mammals, the MLR comprises two key nuclei: the cuneiform nucleus (CnF) and the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). Both nuclei contain glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, with the PPN additionally housing cholinergic neurons. Optogenetic studies in mice by selectively activating glutamatergic neurons have demonstrated that the CnF and PPN play distinct roles in motor control: the CnF drives rapid escape behaviors, while the PPN regulates slower, exploratory movements. This functional specialization within the MLR allows animals to adapt their locomotion patterns and speed in response to environmental demands and behavioral objectives. Similar to findings in lampreys, the CnF and PPN in mice transmit motor commands to spinal effector circuits by modulating the activity of brainstem reticular formation neurons. However, they achieve this through distinct reticulospinal pathways, enabling the generation of specific behaviors. Further insights from monosynaptic rabies viral tracing reveal that the CnF and PPN integrate inputs from diverse brain regions to produce context-appropriate behaviors. For instance, glutamatergic neurons in the PPN receive signals from other midbrain structures, the basal ganglia, and medullary nuclei, whereas glutamatergic neurons in the CnF rarely receive inputs from the basal ganglia but instead are strongly influenced by the periaqueductal grey and inferior colliculus within the midbrain. These differential connectivity patterns underscore the specialized roles of the CnF and PPN in motor control, highlighting their unique contributions to coordinating locomotion. Birds exhibit exceptional flight capabilities, yet the avian MLR remains poorly understood. Comparative studies suggest that the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) in birds is homologous to the mammalian PPN, which contains cholinergic neurons, while the intercollicular nucleus (ICo) or nucleus isthmi pars magnocellularis (ImC) may correspond to the CnF. These findings provide important clues for identifying the avian MLR and elucidating its role in flight control. However, functional validation through targeted experiments is urgently needed to confirm these hypotheses. Optogenetics and other advanced techniques in mice have greatly advanced MLR research, enabling precise manipulation of specific neuronal populations. Future studies should extend these methods to other species, particularly birds, to explore unique locomotor adaptations. Comparative analyses of MLR structure and function across species will deepen our understanding of the conserved and evolved features of motor control, revealing fundamental principles of locomotion regulation throughout evolution. By integrating findings from diverse species, we can uncover how the MLR has been adapted to meet the locomotor demands of different environments, from aquatic to aerial habitats.

Glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） is a key selenoenzyme that protects the body from oxidative damage. A series of small molecular organic selenium compounds have been designed and synthesized as functional mimics of GPx, among which isoselenazolones are the most widely studied. Taking ebselen as a representative, the catalytic mechanism of isoselenazolones in mimicing GSH-Px activity in vivo, the therapeutic effects of isoselenazolones in stroke, sensorineurium deafness and tinnitus, treatmentresistant depression （TRD） and coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19）, and research on their chemical synthesis methods were summarized and discussed in this paper.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from dichloromethane fraction of Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen heartwood.METHODS Separation and purification were performed using silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,thin-layer chromatography,and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Twenty-four compounds were isolated and identified as 7,2′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-isoflavanol(1),vanillin(2),2,2′-oxybis-(1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene)(3),7-hydroxy-6-methoxyflavone(4),sativan(5),5-hydroxy-4′,7-dimethoxyisoflavone(6),2-hydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxychalcone(7),7,2′,3′,4′-tetramethoxydihydroisoflavone(8),2,4,2′-trihydroxy-4′-methoxybenzil(9),ethyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2-propenoate(10),6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydr-ochromen-4-one(11),sophorophenolone(12),apocynin(13),ethyl-2,4-dihydroxybenzoate(14),ethylparaben(15),methyl-2,4-dihydroxybenzoate(16),5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone(17),7-hydroxyflavanone(18),mimosifoliol(19),7-hydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavane(20),virolane(21),5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromone(22),3-hydroxyl-5-methoxy-stilbene(23),2′,4′-dihydroxydihydrochalcone(24).CONCLUSION Compound 8 is new natural product,2-6,15,17-18 are isolated from this plant for the first time,7,9-14,16,20-24 are first isolated from genus Dalbergia.

Objective:To compare the differences among four routine lipid testing systems in detecting high triglyceride (TG) serum samples and evaluate the accuracy and consistency of the four homogeneous low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) reagents using vertical auto profile (VAP) as the reference method.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 249 serum samples with elevated TG levels collected from the Department of Laboratory Medicine at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between January and October 2024. TG, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, and HDL-C were measured using four homogeneous detection systems: Beckman Coulter (USA), Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Japan), Mindray (China), and Roche Diagnostics (Germany). VAP was used to analyze lipoprotein subfractions, including very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol (IDL-C), LDL-C, lipoprotein(a) cholesterol [Lp(a)-C], and HDL-C. The mean coefficient of variation ( CV) across the four systems was calculated for each parameter. Pearson correlation and ordinal logistic regression (OLR) were used to assess correlations between the four HDL-C/LDL-C systems and VAP. Bland-Altman plots were generated to evaluate biases, and deviations were calculated. For parameters with significant deviations, multivariate linear regression and standardized coefficients were used to analyze correlations between biases and lipoprotein subfractions. Based on the Chinese Guidelines for Lipid Management (2023), LDL-C and non-HDL-C treatment goals were categorized into five risk levels (ultra-high, high, moderate, high-risk, and low-risk). VAP results defined LDL-C/non-HDL-C intervals, and the four systems′ concordance in risk classification was evaluated. Samples were grouped into A, B, C, D ( n=63, 62, 62, 62) by TG concentration, and ANOVA, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests assessed intergroup differences. Results:The mean CVs across systems for TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C were 2.98%, 1.76%, 18.10%, 5.60%, 2.58%, respectively. Pearson correlations between LDL-C results (Beckman, Wako, Mindray, Roche) and VAP were 0.889, 0.854, 0.899, and 0.973; mean relative deviations were 54.8%, 41.0%, 49.3%, and 3.6%; classification accuracies were 6.0% (15/249), 21.3% (53/249), 9.2% (23/249), and 76.7% (191/249). HDL-C deviations were 18.7%, 15.1%, 11.1%, and 8.7%, with correlations ( r) of 0.883, 0.911, 0.959, and 0.950 (all P<0.001). LDL-C means showed no intergroup differences (A-D), but CV increased with TG levels ( P<0.001). HDL-C means and CVs showed no significant intergroup differences. Beckman, Wako, and Mindray LDL-C results exhibited significant positive biases correlated with TG and VLDL-C (multivariate regression; P<0.05); VLDL-C had the strongest influence (standardized coefficients: 0.820, 0.394, 0.813; P<0.001). Non-HDL-C classifications matched VAP in 92.4% (Beckman), 85.9% (Wako), 94.0% (Mindray), and 93.2% (Roche), with no intergroup differences. Conclusion:For high-TG sera, Beckman, Wako, and Mindray LDL-C exhibited significant positive biases correlated with TG and VLDL-C, while Roche LDL-C showed minimal deviation. TG, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C results showed minimal variation across the four systems. All systems demonstrated comparable accuracy for non-HDL-C compared to VAP. The non-HDL-C measured by the four detection systems demonstrates high accuracy and consistency in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk stratification and lipid-lowering goal assessment, and it is unaffected by TG levels.

The pandemic of the COVID-19 accelerated the research and developing process of nucle-ic acid vaccines worldwide.Biopharmaceutical companies represented by Pfizer BioNTech and Mod-erna of the United States completed the marketing of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine at an aston-ishing speed.In a short time,COVID-19 nucleic acid vaccine from development to commercial pro-duction,and then to the rapid expansion of the industry,giving researchers great shock and inspira-tion.Can we utilize advanced technology platforms and develop veterinary nucleic acid vaccines un-der the concept of One Health to ensure the common health of animals and humans.This article summarizes the research progress of nucleic acid vaccines in companion animals and foodborne ani-mal diseases in recent years,and puts forward prospects for the application of nucleic acid vac-cines,especially mRNA vaccines.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical benefits of the integrated optical and magnetic surgical navigation system in assisting transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent TELD for LDH at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from November 2022 to December 2023. Patients treated with the integrated optical and magnetic surgical navigation system were defined as the navigation-guided TELD (Ng-TELD) group (30 cases), while those treated with the conventional x-ray fluoroscopy method were defined as the control group (31 cases). Record and compare baseline characteristics, surgical parameters, efficacy indicators, and adverse events between the 2 patient groups. Results: The average follow-up duration for the 61 patients was 11.8 months. Postoperatively, both groups exhibited significant relief from back and leg pain, which continued to improve over time. At the final follow-up, patients’ lumbar function and quality of life had significantly improved compared to preoperative levels (p < 0.05). The Ng-TELD group had significantly shorter total operation time (58.43 ± 12.37 minutes vs. 83.23 ± 25.90 minutes), catheter placement time (5.83 ± 1.09 minutes vs. 15.94 ± 3.00 minutes), decompression time (47.17 ± 11.98 minutes vs. 67.29 ± 24.23 minutes), and fewer intraoperative fluoroscopies (3.20 ± 1.45 vs. 16.58 ± 4.25) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of efficacy evaluation indicators and hospital stay. At the final follow-up, the excellent and good rate of surgical outcomes assessed by the MacNab criteria was 98.4%, and the overall adverse event rate was 8.2%, with no statistically significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the integrated optical and magnetic surgical navigation system can reduce the complexity of TELD, shorten operation time, and minimize radiation exposure for the surgeon, highlighting its promising clinical potential.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical benefits of the integrated optical and magnetic surgical navigation system in assisting transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent TELD for LDH at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from November 2022 to December 2023. Patients treated with the integrated optical and magnetic surgical navigation system were defined as the navigation-guided TELD (Ng-TELD) group (30 cases), while those treated with the conventional x-ray fluoroscopy method were defined as the control group (31 cases). Record and compare baseline characteristics, surgical parameters, efficacy indicators, and adverse events between the 2 patient groups. Results: The average follow-up duration for the 61 patients was 11.8 months. Postoperatively, both groups exhibited significant relief from back and leg pain, which continued to improve over time. At the final follow-up, patients’ lumbar function and quality of life had significantly improved compared to preoperative levels (p < 0.05). The Ng-TELD group had significantly shorter total operation time (58.43 ± 12.37 minutes vs. 83.23 ± 25.90 minutes), catheter placement time (5.83 ± 1.09 minutes vs. 15.94 ± 3.00 minutes), decompression time (47.17 ± 11.98 minutes vs. 67.29 ± 24.23 minutes), and fewer intraoperative fluoroscopies (3.20 ± 1.45 vs. 16.58 ± 4.25) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of efficacy evaluation indicators and hospital stay. At the final follow-up, the excellent and good rate of surgical outcomes assessed by the MacNab criteria was 98.4%, and the overall adverse event rate was 8.2%, with no statistically significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the integrated optical and magnetic surgical navigation system can reduce the complexity of TELD, shorten operation time, and minimize radiation exposure for the surgeon, highlighting its promising clinical potential.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.