Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Sepsis is an immune disorder caused by infection,which can lead to multiple organ dysfunction,immune response and immune cells play key role in the onset and progression of sepsis.As an immunoglobulin,triggering receptor expressed on mye-loid cells-1(TREM-1)has immunomodulatory effects and participates in the pathophysiological process of many diseases.TREM-1 can regulate inflammatory mediators and immune cells in sepsis,playing an important role in its diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.This article summarizes the role and possible mechanism of TREM-1 in occurrence and development of sepsis,and provides a theoreti-cal basis for the research direction and treatment strategy of the disease.

Objective:To assess the feasibility and security the orientation of foreign bodies using a portable X-ray machine in computer-aided navigation surgery.Methods:A model with a metallic foreign body was constructed.Under the fluoroscopy of a portable X-ray machine,4 points on 2 straight lines passing through the tip of the foreign body were recorded by the navigation e-quipment,and subsequently,the midpoints of the common perpendicular segments of the 2 lines were calculated as the coordinates of the foreign body(Bilinear Method).2 operators measured the coordinates of the foreign body 10 times and compared the measured coordinates of the foreign body with the actual coordinates of the foreign body in order to analyze the accuracy of the Bilinear Method.Radiation doses to model area and operators at different locations were measured using ionizing radiation detectors.Results:The ac-curacy of the Bilinear Method for measuring foreign body coordinates was(1.98±0.77)mm,and that of the 2 operators was 1.55±0.68 and 2.40±0.36 respectively(P=0.02).The radiation dose was(221.45±50.15)μSv in the model and(4.44±1.35)μSv in the operator's chest.Conclusion:The accuracy of the coordinates of the foreign body intraoperation measured by Bilinear Method meets general clinical needs,and different operators may produce different accuracy.The radiation dose is small.

Objective To analyze the whole-brain structural-functional coupling imaging characteristics of patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)based on multiparametric functional and structural MRI,and to explore their correlation with cognitive function.Methods A prospective,consecutive study enrolled 60 CSVD patients from the Department of Neurology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,between May 2021 and December 2023,and 47 controls matched for age,sex,education level,and handedness recruited from the community during the same period.Baseline data,including demographic information(age,sex,education),cognitive function,and imaging data,were collected for both groups.All participants underwent standardized neuropsychological assessments in a quiet environment.Emotional function was assessed using the patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9).Global cognitive function was screened using the Montreal cognitive assessment scale(MoCA)and Alzheimer's disease 8-item questionnaire(AD-8).Executive function was evaluated using the trail making test-B(TMT-B),the TMT time difference(TMT-B time minus TMT-A time),and the verbal fluency test(VFT).Attention and processing speed were assessed using TMT-A and the digit span test(DS).Memory function was evaluated using the Chinese auditory verbal learning test(AVLT),including learning,immediate recall,and delayed recall.Multimodal brain functional and structural MRI images were acquired for all participants.Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(fALFF)and gray matter volume(GMV)were calculated using the DPABI software.A structure-function coupling index was computed by integrating the fALFF and GMV values of corresponding voxels.Structural-function coupling changes in CSVD patients and controls were assessed,and the correlations between fALFF,GMV,fALFF/GMV and cognitive function were explored.Results(1)Compared to the control group,CSVD patients showed significant lower scores in MoCA score(21.5[20.0,24.0]vs.24.3[23.0,26.0],Z=-4.094),higher PHQ-9 score(5.4±5.0vs.2.1±2.2,t=4.150),less VFT(15.5±3.8 vs.17.2±4.3,t=-3.258),increased TMT-B time([164.4±72.7]s vs.[123.6±45.7]s,t=3.307),TMT-A time([83.8±34.3]s vs.[62.9±22.7]s,t=3.704),and less DS forward span(6.3[5.0,8.0]vs.7.4[6.0,8.0],Z=-3.679),DS backward span(3.7±1.2 vs.4.5±1.4,t=-3.119),AVLT-learning(7.0±1.8 vs.8.7±1.9,t=-4.523),A VLT-immediate recall(7.2[6.0,9.0]vs.9.6[7.2,11.8],Z=-4.105),AVLT-delayed recall(6.9±3.1 vs.9.6±3.0,t=-4.310;all P＜0.01).No significant differences were observed in age,education,sex,AD-8 score,or TMT time difference(all P＞0.05).(2)CSVD patients showed decreased fALFF values in the right anterior cingulate gyrus(1.00±0.06 vs.1.07±0.06,t=-4.66)and increased fALFF values in the left superior parietal lobule(1.14±0.07 vs.1.07±0.07,t=5.68)and the right postcentral gyrus(1.08±0.05 vs.1.01±0.05,t=5.22;both P＜0.01).CSVD patients had increased GMV in the bilateral caudate nucleus(right:[0.27±0.06]mm3 vs.[0.21±0.04]mm3,t=6.12,left:[0.27±0.05]mm3 vs.[0.22±0.04]mm3,t=6.67;both P＜0.01)but decreased fALFF/GMV in the bilateral caudate nucleus(left:6.27±0.97 vs.7.75±1.70,t=-7.33;right:3.12±0.97 vs.4.18±0.95,t=-5.96)and the right globus pallidus(14.11±4.14 vs.19.99±4.03,t=-6.36;all P＜0.01).(3)Right anterior cingulate gyrus fALFF positively correlated with DS backward scores(R=0.348,P=0.013).Left superior parietal lobule fALFF negatively correlated with PHQ-9 scores(R=-0.308,P=0.029)and TMT time difference(R=-0.360,P=0.012).Right postcentral gyrus fALFF negatively correlated with TMT-A time(R=-0.419,P=0.003).Right caudate nucleus GMV positively correlated with TMT time difference(R=0.293,P=0.042),while left caudate nucleus GMV negatively correlated with AD-8 score(R=-0.284,P=0.043).fALFF/GMV in the right caudate nucleus(R=0.288,P=0.046)and right globus pallidus(R=0.290,P=0.045)positively correlated with VFT.After multiple comparison corrections,only the negative correlation between right postcentral gyrus fALFF and TMT-A time remained significant(P(alse discovery rate adjusted=0.024).Conclusions CSVD patients exhibit significant structure-function decoupling values in bilateral caudate nucleus and right globus pallidus are reduced,and this reduction is associated with a decline in verbal fluency.The results of this study still need to be further validated in larger sample size studies.

Aim To investigate the effect of long-chain non-coding RNA(lncRNA)GS1-124K5.4 targeting regulation of PRDX6 on proliferation,migration and in-vasion of lung squamous carcinoma(LUSC)cells and the underlying mechanism.Methods The expression level of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 in lung cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 60 patients with LUSC were de-termined by fluorescence in situ hybridization.The ex-pression level of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 in human nor-mal lung cells and LUSC cells were determined by qRT-PCR.Two kinds of LUSC cells(NCI-H 1703,SK-MES-1)with highest expression level of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 were selected for subsequent experi-ments.The distribution of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 in cells was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization and prokaryotic separation.The effect of knockdown of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 on proliferation of NCI-H1703 and SK-MES-1 cells was studied by CCK-8 experiment and cell clone formation experiment;the effect of knockdown of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 on migration of NCI-H1703 and SK-MES-1 cells was studied by cell scratch experiment and Transwell cell migration experi-ment;and the effect of knockdown of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 on invasion of NCI-H1703 and SK-MES-1 cells was studied by Transwell invasion experiment.The protein to be bound by lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 was detected by RNA pull-down combined with mass spec-trometry and immune-precipitation.The effect of knockdown of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 targeting PRDX6 on proliferation,migration and invasion of NCI-H1703 and SK-MES-1 cells was studied.Results(1)The fluorescence intensity of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 in lung squamous cell carcinoma increased compared with that in adjacent tissues(P＜0.05),and the expression of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 was related with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage(P＜0.05).(2)The ex-pression level of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 in NCI-H1703,NCI-H520 and SK-MES-1 cells significantly increased(P＜0.05).(3)The result of fluorescence in situ hybridization experiment and nucleoplasm sepa-ration experiment showed that lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 was mainly distributed in cell nucleus.(4)The prolif-eration,migration and invasion ability of NCI-H1703 and SK-MES-1 cells with knockdown of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 significantly decreased(P＜0.05).(5)PRDX6 protein to be bound to LncRNA GS1-124K5.4 was determined by RNA pull-down combined with mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation.(6)The prolif-eration,migration and invasion ability of NCI-H1703 and SK-MES-1 cells with overexpression of lncRNA GS1-124K5.4 significantly increased(P＜0.05);the proliferation,migration and invasion ability of NCI-H1703 and SK-MES-1 cells with knockdown of PRDX6 significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the proliferation,migration and invasion ability of NCI-H1703 and SK-MES-1 cells with overexpression of lncRNAGS1-124K5.4 and knockdown of PRDX6 showed no signifi-cant change(P＞0.05).Conclusions LncRNA GS1-124K5.4 is highly expressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma,and it may promote the proliferation,migration and invasion of lung squamous carcinoma cells by targeting the expression of PRDX6 protein.

Prescription sequence symmetry analysis (PSSA) is one of the important methods for post-marketing pharmacovigilance based on the real-world medical prescription databases. It can be used to detect prescription cascades and mine adverse drug reaction (ADR) signals, which has been verified by many studies. PSSA shows high specificity and medium sensitivity in identifying ADR. It can quantify the correlation or risks of ADR. It is easy to use and simple in algorithm, and it has good robustness to some non time-dependent confounding factors. However, the results may be affected by some human confounding factors and data quality. This paper reviews the principle, calculation method, application scope, and precaution of PSSA by reviewing related literature on PSSA domestically and abroad, in order to provide reference for pharmacovigilance in China.

Objective:This multicenter retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological features of duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) and identify prognostic factors for postoperative survival.Methods:Demographic characteristics, clinicopathological features, treatment outcomes and survival of DA patients undergoing surgical treatment at 18 Chinese medical centers from January 2012 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 2 056 DA patients included, 46.8% (963) had extra-ampullary DA (EA-DA), and 53.2% (1 093) had peri-ampullary DA (PA-DA). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for patients who underwent radical surgery were 93.2%, 71.0%, and 57.2%, respectively. The median overall survival was 76 months, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 65 months. No differences in survival were observed between the laparotomy group and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) group either before or after propensity score matching (OS: 76 vs. 75 months before PSM, P=0.986; OS: 75 vs. 75 months after PSM, P=0.602). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between-group in operation time and postoperative complications ( P＞0.05). The MIS group experienced less intraoperative blood loss and shorter hospital stays. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that advanced age ( HR=1.43,95% CI:1.18-1.73), elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels ( HR=1.24,95% CI:1.02-1.51), perineural invasion ( HR=1.44,95% CI:1.14-1.81), vascular invasion ( HR=1.35,95% CI:1.07-1.71), advanced T stage (T3-4 vs. T1-2: HR=1.86,95% CI:1.49-2.31), regional lymph node metastasis ( HR=1.93,95% CI:1.58-2.36), preoperative biliary drainage ( HR=1.26,95% CI:1.04-1.53), intraoperative blood loss ( HR=1.34,95% CI:1.11-1.62), clinically significant postoperative pancreatic fistulas ( HR=1.53,95% CI:1.12-2.09), and postoperative hemorrhage ( HR=1.62,95% CI:1.14-2.29) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis after surgery (all P＜0.05). Conclusions:Radical surgery is associated with favorable overall survival among DA patients, and no difference in survival is observed between EA-DA and PA-DA patients. MIS is a reliable alternative for DA treatment.

Objective:To understand the application situation and role of prescription sequence symmetry analysis (PSSA) in pharmacovigilance.Methods:The relevant databases at home and abroad were searched (up to April 30, 2024), and the original articles using PSSA as the research method were collected. The basic information of the literature (first author, publication year, country, etc.), the purpose and main content of the study, the index drugs as well as the marker drugs or medical diagnoses involved in the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were extracted. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out.Results:A total of 66 articles were included in the analysis. The first article was published in 1996, the number of articles published in recent years has increased significantly, and those published after 2016 accounted for 68.2% (45/66). The top 3 countries in terms of published literature quantity were the United States, Denmark, and Japan. The index drugs most commonly studied were those for the cardiovascular system and the neuropsychiatric system, in 18 and 14 articles respectively. The drugs studied in 3 or more papers were hypolipidemic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, proton pump inhibitors, hypoglycemic drugs and anticoagulants. The targeted ADRs/diseases most studied were those about the neuropsychiatric system (in 13 studies), followed by those about the endocrine and metabolic system (in 12 studies). The research objective in 47 articles was to explore the association between index drugs and ADRs/diseases through PSSA. Finally, the associations between 21 ADRs and index drugs were identified in 24 articles, of which 9 were new ADRs not recorded in drug instructions; benefits or potential preventive and therapeutic effects of index drugs on certain diseases were found in 7 studies. Ten studies were conducted to explore ADR information of specific drugs or detect suspicious drugs that cause specific ADRs, and some correlation signals between drugs and ADRs that previously unknown were detected. Nine studies evaluated the prescribing cascades, including the use of antitussive drugs after ACEI, the prescribing cascades related to drug-induced lower urinary tract symptoms and edema, the prescription cascades of statins, and the prescribing cascade relic.Conclusion:PSSA is a useful method for identifying potential prescribing cascades and mining ADR signals using medical prescription databases, especially suitable for the safety monitoring of long-term medication for chronic diseases and the signal detection of ADR that causal relationships are difficult to determine.

Central venous access device-related thrombosis (CRT) refers to the obstructive or non-obstructive clots formed around the central venous access device (CVAD).It may lead to risks such as loss of vascular access, pulmonary embolism, post-thrombotic syndrome.Due to the heterogeneity of underlying diseases and the specific characteristics of CVAD placement in children, there is insufficient evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of CRT in children.This article reviews the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CRT in children to provide reference for clinical management.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.