Objective: To investigate the prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among left behind and non left behind primary and secondary school students in the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES) areas of central and western China, so as to provide evidence for improving the nutritional status of children and adolescents. Methods: A survey was conducted among 123 782 students selected by random cluster sampling method in grades 3-9 from NIPRCES in central (Hebei, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, and Hainan) and western (Gansu, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Xinjiang, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Yunnan, Qinghai, and Chongqing) China in 2023. Anthropometric measurements and questionnaires were used to assess nutritional and dietary status. The prevalence of undernutrition was compared between left behind and non left behind students by Chi square test, and associated factors were analyzed by three level Logistic mixed effects model. Results: The prevalence of undernutrition was 8.5% (4 326) in left behind students and 8.1% (5 905) in non left behind students. Three level Logistic mixed effect model analysis showed that whether left behind or non left behind, the undernutrition rates of primary and secondary students in western regions were higher than those of students in central regions [ OR (95% CI )=1.72(1.57-1.87),2.25(2.07- 2.43 )]; the undernutrition risk was lower for those whose fathers had a cultural level of high school or above [ OR (95% CI )=0.69(0.62-0.77),0.90(0.82-0.98)] or junior high school [ OR (95% CI )=0.72(0.66-0.79),0.92(0.85-0.99)] compared to those with primary school or below; picky eating or selective eating increased the risk of undernutrition [ OR (95% CI )=2.36(2.07-2.68),2.28(2.04-2.55)], and primary and secondary school students without nutritional content in health education classes had higher rates of undernutrition [ OR (95% CI )=1.12(1.03-1.23),1.09(1.01-1.17)](all P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of undernutrition is slightly higher in left behind primary and secondary students than in non left behind primary and secondary students in central and western NIPRCES areas, with variations across different characteristics.

Objective: To analyze the trends of the frequency of meat, egg, and milk consumption among rural primary and junior high school students in central and western China covered by the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES) from 2015 to 2023, so as to provide basis for formulating more targeted nutrition intervention policies and health education strategies. Methods: Using data from six rounds of monitoring and evaluation (2015-2021 and 2023), the study included 323 870 students from grade 3 to 9 across 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in central and western China. The consumption frequencies of meat, egg, and milk over the past week were collected via questionnaires. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze temporal trends, and multivariable Logistic regression models were employed to analyze factors associated with the frequency of meat, egg and milk consumption and to test for interaction effects between the year and gender, region, and grade level. Results: From 2015 to 2023, the proportion of students consuming meat, egg, and milk ≥1 time/day increased from 23.20 %, 10.71%, and 0.74% to 35.53%, 22.09%, and 26.63%, respectively. Trend tests indicated a significant upward trend for the daily intake of all three food categories for meat, egg and milk over the years ( Z =67.18, 64.90, 93.14, all P <0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that the daily meat intake was lower in the central region than in the western region ( OR=0.77, 95%CI =0.76-0.78), whereas the daily intake of eggs ( OR=1.19, 95%CI =1.17-1.22) and milk ( OR= 1.27 , 95%CI =1.24-1.29) was higher in the central region (all P <0.05). Compared with grade 3-4 students, junior high school students had lower daily intake of meat, eggs, and milk≥1 time/day ( OR =0.95, 0.77, 0.77, all P <0.05), with a declining trend as grade increased. Girls also had lower daily intake of meat, eggs, and milk ≥1 time/day than boys ( OR =0.95，0.93，0.91, all P < 0.05). Significant interactions were observed between year and region, as well as between year and grade (all P <0.05). Conclusion From 2015 to 2023, the NIPRCES improved the intake level of among rural students, but the situation of relatively insufficient intake of egg and milk among females, junior high school students and those in the western region still exists.

ObjectiveThe exacerbating trend of global population aging poses profound socioeconomic and public health challenges, making the comprehensive elucidation of biological aging mechanisms and the discovery of effective anti-aging interventions an urgent priority in the life sciences. Based on our previous serum metabolomics findings that dimethylglycine, an intermediate metabolite of amino acid metabolism naturally present in the human body, was significantly enriched in the serum of longevity families, this study aimed to systematically investigate the anti-aging effects of dimethylglycine both in living organisms and in controlled laboratory environments, and to preliminarily elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. While existing literature indicates that dimethylglycine possesses antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, its direct anti-aging efficacy and the specific molecular pathways through which it operates remain largely unexplored. MethodsTo comprehensively evaluate the anti-aging properties of dimethylglycine, we utilized replicative senescent human embryonic lung fibroblasts, specifically the WI-38 cell line, as an experimental model in a controlled laboratory environment. Cell viability and safety were thoroughly assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase release assays across various concentrations of dimethylglycine. The impact of dimethylglycine on cellular senescence phenotypes, oxidative stress, and proliferative capacity was evaluated via senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining, reactive oxygen species fluorescence detection, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays. Furthermore, the molecular alterations of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors and core senescence signaling pathways were quantified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the messenger RNA levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, p21, and matrix metalloproteinase-1, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of p16 and p21 protein expression levels. For the living organism model, the wild-type nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used to evaluate systemic physiological effects. We conducted a comprehensive lifespan analysis at 20°C, heat stress resistance survival assays at 35℃, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining, lipofuscin accumulation tracking, intracellular reactive oxygen species measurement, and Oil Red O staining to ascertain systemic lipid accumulation. Additionally, network pharmacology bioinformatics tools, including PharmMapper and STRING databases, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were utilized to predict target pathways, alongside highly detailed molecular docking simulations utilizing SwissDock and Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiler to examine interactions with the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 protein. ResultsThe experimental outcomes robustly demonstrate the potent anti-aging capabilities of dimethylglycine. At the cellular level, toxicity analyses firmly confirmed that dimethylglycine is highly safe; continuous treatment with 50 mol/L and 70 mol/L of dimethylglycine for 5 d did not induce any cellular membrane damage or cytotoxicity, but rather actively promoted cellular proliferation. Utilizing the optimal standardized concentration of 50 mol/L, dimethylglycine treatment significantly ameliorated senescent phenotypic markers in human embryonic lung fibroblasts, which was evidenced by a drastic and highly significant reduction in the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase positive cell percentage (P<0.000 1) and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels (P<0.000 1), alongside a marked increase in the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine-positive proliferation rate (P=0.003 5). On a molecular expression scale, dimethylglycine significantly downregulated the messenger RNA expression of multiple core senescence-associated secretory phenotype inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6, interleukin-8, p21, and matrix metalloproteinase-1. Concurrently, it effectively suppressed the protein expression of critical cell cycle arrest markers, diminishing p16 protein levels by 57.3% (P=0.000 4) and p21 protein levels by 27.2% (P=0.000 7). In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans animal model, dimethylglycine significantly extended the mean lifespan from 20.402 d to an impressive 23.066 d (P<0.000 1) and notably enhanced overall survival rates under severe heat stress environmental conditions (P=0.017). Furthermore, systemic dimethylglycine intervention significantly mitigated age-related physiological decline by decreasing bodily lipofuscin accumulation (P<0.000 1), significantly reducing senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, lowering systemic reactive oxygen species fluorescence (P=0.008), and effectively alleviating overall fat accumulation (P<0.000 1). Mechanistically, extensive network pharmacology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses strongly revealed that the potential targets of dimethylglycine are significantly enriched in fundamental drug metabolism and oxidative stress response pathways. Precision molecular docking simulations conclusively demonstrated that dimethylglycine forms highly stable structural interactions with the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 protein, specifically highlighting the definitive formation of 5 stable hydrogen bonds involving serine 365, leucine 366, and serine 429 residues, as well as two critical salt bridge formations with arginine 97 and histidine 368 residues. It is additionally predicted to interact favorably with glutathione S-transferase family proteins. ConclusionDimethylglycine exhibits a profoundly significant and multifaceted anti-aging activity at both the cellular and entire living animal levels. By powerfully alleviating oxidative stress, heavily suppressing the core p16 and p21-dependent cellular senescence signaling pathways, and substantially mitigating the detrimental senescence-associated secretory phenotype, dimethylglycine effectively delays fundamental cellular senescence processes and drastically extends whole-organism lifespan. The biological mechanisms driving these robust protective effects are highly likely closely associated with its direct stable interactions with crucial metabolic and detoxifying enzyme systems, such as cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 and glutathione S-transferase family proteins, thereby systemically improving metabolic dysregulation and restoring critical redox homeostasis. This comprehensive study provides highly solid experimental evidence supporting dimethylglycine as a highly potent and safe potential anti-aging intervention agent, while simultaneously offering a clear molecular mechanistic explanation for the previously documented high abundance of dimethylglycine observed within exceptionally long-lived human populations.

ObjectiveTo clarify whether METTL14 mediates the core role of acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) in promoting myelination and improving behavior in young autistic rats through gene intervention technology. MethodsThe ASD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of valproic acid (VPA) in pregnant rats. Male offspring were intracerebroventricularly injected with adenovirus-packaged METTL14 shRNA (sh-METTL14) or its control (sh-NC) on postnatal day 1, with a model group set as well. Subsequently, the juvenile rats were divided into model group, acupuncture group, acupuncture+sh-NC group, and acupuncture+sh-METTL14 group. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) from postnatal day 7, once daily for 21 consecutive days. Neurobehavioral changes were evaluated by behavioral tests; METTL14 knockdown efficiency and the expression of METTL14, METTL3, and PTEN were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB); PTEN m⁶A levels were measured by RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR); myelin ultrastructure, expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofascin 155 (NF155), and dendritic spine density were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and primary neuron culture. ResultsBehaviorally, knockdown of METTL14 significantly counteracted the beneficial effects of acupuncture in improving self-grooming, open field exploration, three-chamber social interaction, and Morris water maze learning and memory (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the acupuncture+sh-NC group, the acupuncture+sh-METTL14 group showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of hippocampal METTL14 (P<0.01), and the upregulating effects of acupuncture on METTL3 and PTEN expression were reversed (P<0.01). Meanwhile, knockdown of METTL14 significantly inhibited the acupuncture-induced increase in PTEN m⁶A levels (P<0.01). Morphologically, knockdown of METTL14 attenuated the improvement of myelin structure by acupuncture, reversed the downregulation of MBP and upregulation of NF155 induced by acupuncture, and blocked the increase in dendritic spine density (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionMETTL14 is a key molecule mediating the therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Neiguan. Acupuncture at Neiguan upregulates METTL14, thereby enhancing m⁶A methylation modification of PTEN mRNA to stabilize its expression, ultimately promoting myelin development and improving behavioral symptoms in ASD juvenile rats. This preliminarily reveals the modern biological connotation of “opening Xuanfu and dredging myelin”.

ObjectiveTo clarify whether METTL14 mediates the core role of acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) in promoting myelination and improving behavior in young autistic rats through gene intervention technology. MethodsThe ASD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of valproic acid (VPA) in pregnant rats. Male offspring were intracerebroventricularly injected with adenovirus-packaged METTL14 shRNA (sh-METTL14) or its control (sh-NC) on postnatal day 1, with a model group set as well. Subsequently, the juvenile rats were divided into model group, acupuncture group, acupuncture+sh-NC group, and acupuncture+sh-METTL14 group. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) from postnatal day 7, once daily for 21 consecutive days. Neurobehavioral changes were evaluated by behavioral tests; METTL14 knockdown efficiency and the expression of METTL14, METTL3, and PTEN were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB); PTEN m⁶A levels were measured by RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR); myelin ultrastructure, expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofascin 155 (NF155), and dendritic spine density were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and primary neuron culture. ResultsBehaviorally, knockdown of METTL14 significantly counteracted the beneficial effects of acupuncture in improving self-grooming, open field exploration, three-chamber social interaction, and Morris water maze learning and memory (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the acupuncture+sh-NC group, the acupuncture+sh-METTL14 group showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of hippocampal METTL14 (P<0.01), and the upregulating effects of acupuncture on METTL3 and PTEN expression were reversed (P<0.01). Meanwhile, knockdown of METTL14 significantly inhibited the acupuncture-induced increase in PTEN m⁶A levels (P<0.01). Morphologically, knockdown of METTL14 attenuated the improvement of myelin structure by acupuncture, reversed the downregulation of MBP and upregulation of NF155 induced by acupuncture, and blocked the increase in dendritic spine density (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionMETTL14 is a key molecule mediating the therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Neiguan. Acupuncture at Neiguan upregulates METTL14, thereby enhancing m⁶A methylation modification of PTEN mRNA to stabilize its expression, ultimately promoting myelin development and improving behavioral symptoms in ASD juvenile rats. This preliminarily reveals the modern biological connotation of “opening Xuanfu and dredging myelin”.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(NHR)combined with monocyte/lymphocyte ratio(MLR)for early rebleeding after endoscopic treatment in patients with cirrhosis complicated by acute esophagogastric variceal bleeding(AEVB).Methods A total of 228 patients with cirrhosis complicated by AEVB were included in this study.According to the occurrence of early rebleeding,patients were divided into the rebleeding group(96 cases)and the non-rebleeding group(132 cases).General information and laboratory indicators of both groups were collected,and the End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)score,Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)score,Fibrosis-4(FIB-4)index,NHR,and MLR were calculated.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for early rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis complicated by AEVB.A nomogram model based on NHR and MLR was constructed to predict the risk of early rebleeding.The predictive performance and goodness of fit of the model were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,Hosmer-Lemeshow test,Net Reclassification Index(NRI)and Integrated Discrimination Improvement(IDI).Results Compared with the non-rebleeding group,systolic blood pressure,platelet count(PLT),albumin/globulin ratio(A/G)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were decreased in the rebleeding group,while total bile acids(TBA),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total bilirubin(TBIL),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT),international normalized ratio(INR),Fibrosis-4(FIB-4),NHR,MLR,MELD score and CTP score were increased(P＜0.05).NHR was positively correlated with AST,TBIL and INR(P＜0.05).MLR was negatively correlated with PLT,and positively correlated with AST,TBIL and FIB-4(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis results showed that prolonged TT,elevated NHR and MLR were independent risk factors for early rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis complicated by AEVB.The nomogram model based on NHR and MLR to predict early rebleeding had an area under the curve of 0.810(95%CI:0.754-0.866).The Hosmer-Lemeshow test suggested that the model fit well.IDI and NRI analyse showed that the combination of NHR and MLR had better predictive value for the early rebleeding than that of MELD score and CTP score.Conclusion NHR and MLR are effective indicators for predicting early rebleeding after endoscopic treatment in patients with cirrhosis complicated by AEVB.They are helpful in the early identification of high-risk patients and provide a reference for clinical intervention.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal cancer receiving first-line chemoimmunotherapy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 137 patients with Stage Ⅳ esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated at our hospital from January 2018 to May 2023. These patients were divided into two groups: a group treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy combined with radiotherapy (chemoimmunotherapy + radiotherapy group, n = 43) and a group treated with only chemoimmunotherapy ( n = 94). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to balance baseline characteristics between the groups. With overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) as study endpoints, the survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test, and the Cox regression method. Results:Before calibration, the chemoimmunotherapy + radiotherapy group significantly outperformed the sole chemoimmunotherapy group in median PFS (13.6 months vs. 7.0 months; HR: 0.501, 95% CI: 0.309-0.811, P = 0.005). After calibration using the COX proportional-hazards model for age, gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, smoking history, T/N/M stage, and tumor location, the chemoimmunotherapy + radiotherapy group still had significant advantages in PFS (14.7 months vs. 7.0 months; HR: 0.441, 95% CI: 0.261-0.745, P = 0.002). IPTW analysis further confirmed this trend (13.9 months vs. 7.0 months; HR: 0.492, 95% CI: 0.304-0.795, P < 0.001). Specifically, the median OS of the chemoimmunotherapy + radiotherapy group demonstrated significant improvement in all analyses: pre-calibration (29.5 months vs. 18.0 months; HR: 0.507, 95% CI: 0.297-0.867, P = 0.013), after calibration using the Cox model (27.5 months vs. 16.7 months; HR: 0.470, 95% CI: 0.266-0.830, P = 0.009), and after calibration using IPTW (29.5 months vs. 16.9 months; HR: 0.448, 95% CI: 0.262-0.764, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The combination of radiotherapy and first-line chemoimmunotherapy can significantly improve survival outcomes of patients with advanced ESCC, suggesting its potential as a standard treatment strategy.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(NHR)combined with monocyte/lymphocyte ratio(MLR)for early rebleeding after endoscopic treatment in patients with cirrhosis complicated by acute esophagogastric variceal bleeding(AEVB).Methods A total of 228 patients with cirrhosis complicated by AEVB were included in this study.According to the occurrence of early rebleeding,patients were divided into the rebleeding group(96 cases)and the non-rebleeding group(132 cases).General information and laboratory indicators of both groups were collected,and the End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)score,Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)score,Fibrosis-4(FIB-4)index,NHR,and MLR were calculated.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for early rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis complicated by AEVB.A nomogram model based on NHR and MLR was constructed to predict the risk of early rebleeding.The predictive performance and goodness of fit of the model were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,Hosmer-Lemeshow test,Net Reclassification Index(NRI)and Integrated Discrimination Improvement(IDI).Results Compared with the non-rebleeding group,systolic blood pressure,platelet count(PLT),albumin/globulin ratio(A/G)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were decreased in the rebleeding group,while total bile acids(TBA),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total bilirubin(TBIL),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT),international normalized ratio(INR),Fibrosis-4(FIB-4),NHR,MLR,MELD score and CTP score were increased(P＜0.05).NHR was positively correlated with AST,TBIL and INR(P＜0.05).MLR was negatively correlated with PLT,and positively correlated with AST,TBIL and FIB-4(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis results showed that prolonged TT,elevated NHR and MLR were independent risk factors for early rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis complicated by AEVB.The nomogram model based on NHR and MLR to predict early rebleeding had an area under the curve of 0.810(95%CI:0.754-0.866).The Hosmer-Lemeshow test suggested that the model fit well.IDI and NRI analyse showed that the combination of NHR and MLR had better predictive value for the early rebleeding than that of MELD score and CTP score.Conclusion NHR and MLR are effective indicators for predicting early rebleeding after endoscopic treatment in patients with cirrhosis complicated by AEVB.They are helpful in the early identification of high-risk patients and provide a reference for clinical intervention.

Hypericum attenuatum Choisy.is dry whole grass of the genus Hypericum L.,is a kind of commonly used folk medicinal herbs more than 2400 years.And it is often used to treat heart disease,hemostasis,scald.Based on a review of domestic and international literature,the main chemical components of Hypericum attenuatum Choisy.include PPAPs,flavonoids,and volatile oil,of which PPAPs and xanthone have received the attention of a large number of scholars because of their complex and novel structures and unique pharmacological effects.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Hypericum attenuatum Choisy.exerts various pharmacological activities,including anti-arrhythmia,reducing blood sugar,anti-tumor,anti-virus,anti-inflammation,as well as the treatment of depression.As a valuable folk medicine,there is relatively little related traditional Chinese medicine products,this review focus on its phytochemistry,and pharmacology,providing a comprehensive perspective and novel ideas for exploring its current and potential applications.

Objective To explore the regulatory role of farnesol in Candida albicans(C.albicans)biofilm cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and its correlation with drug resistance.Methods Standard,fluconazole-resistant,wild and high RAS1 gene expression strains of C.albicans were cultured to different phases of the biofilm(6,12,24,36 h),and the sessile minimal inhibitory concentration 50％(SMIC50)of fluconazole were determined by XTT reduction after farnesol treatment.The regulatory effects of farnesol on the ex-pression of genes related to the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway in standard and fluconazole-resistant strains of C.albicans,such as RAS1,CYR1,PDE2 were examined using qPCR;the effects of farnesol on the protein expression of the pathway were analyzed by Western blot.RAS1 gene expression of the wild and high RAS1 gene expression strains was measured by qPCR.Results ① Compared with the standard strain,resistant strains of C.albicans had higher levels of biofilm SMIC50 at 6,12 and 24 h;there was no significant difference in RAS1 expression(P＞0.05),while CYR1 expression increased significantly at 6 and 24 h in the biofilm(P＜0.01),and PDE2 expression decreased at 6 h in the biofilm(P＜0.01).②After treatment with farnesol,the resistance of the biofilm of the standard strain and drug-resistant strain decreased.Compared with no treatment with farnesol,the expression of RAS1 in the biofilm of the standard strain and drug-resistant strain decreased at all time points(P＜0.01);CYR1 expression decreased in the biofilm at 6,24 and 36 h,and in-creased in the biofilm at 12 h(P＜0.01);PDE2 expression increased in the 12 h biofilm(P＜0.01).③Compared with the wild strain,the high expression strain of RAS1 gene showed higher SMIC50 in the biofilm at 12 and 24 h,and significantly higher expression of RAS1 gene in the biofilm at 12,24 and 36 h(P＜0.01).④After treatment with farnesol,the resistance of wild-type strains and high expres-sion strains of RAS1 gene decreased.Compared with the untreated group,the expression of RAS1 gene in the biofilm of wild-type and RAS1 gene high expression strain decreased at 12 and 24 h(P＜0.01).Conclusion Farnesol can affect the sensitivity of C.albicans biofilm to fluconazole by regulating the expression of resistance molecules RAS1,CYR1 and PDE2 in the cAMP-PKA pathway.The regulatory effect varies at different stages of biofilm formation.