Objective: To study the correlation between short sleep duration and screening myopia among primary and middle school students in Beijing, so as to provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of myopia among students. Methods: Using a stratified cluster random sampling, 25 593 primary and middle school students from 16 districts of Beijing were selected from September to November 2023. The National Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Monitoring Survey Questionnaire was used to conduct a questionnaire survey, and visual acuity was tested according to the Specification for the Screening of Refractive Error in Primary and Middle School Students. The reporting rates of short sleep duration and detection rates of screening myopia among primary and middle school students were compared using the Chi square test. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between short sleep duration and screening myopia. Results: About 68.63% of students reported short sleep duration. There was a statistically significant difference in the reporting rate of short sleep duration among students in different school stages ( χ 2=981.18, P <0.01), with the lowest reporting rate of vocational high school students (47.07%) and the highest reporting rate of ordinary high school students (76.17%). The detection rates of screening myopia among primary school students ( 57.09% ) and middle school students (76.53%) who reported short sleep duration were higher than those who reported enough sleep duration (52.65%, 71.94%), with satistically significant differences ( χ 2=14.83, 17.96, P <0.01). The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that primary and middle school students with short sleep duration had a higher risk of developing screening myopia, compared to students with enough sleep duration ( OR =1.25); after adjusting for confounding factors such as educational stage, gender, region, boarding situation, primary and secondary school students with short sleep duration still had a higher risk of screening myopia ( OR =1.26) ( P <0.01). The analysis results stratified by educational stage showed that primary school students from grades 4-6 and middle school students with short sleep duration had a higher risk of screening myopia ( OR=1.18, 1.20, P <0.01). Conclusions Primary and secondary school students in Beijing with short sleep duration sleep have a higher risk of developing screening myopia. Families, schools, and society should ensure enough sleep duration to reduce the occurrence of myopia among students.

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the material basis of toad visceral oil(hereafter referred to as toad oil), and explore the pharmacological effect of toad oil on atopic dermatitis(AD). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were employed to comprehensively identify the chemical components in toad oil. The animal model of AD was prepared by the hapten stimulation method. The modeled animals were respectively administrated with positive drug(0.1% hydrocortisone butyrate cream) and low-and high-doses(1%, 10%) of toad oil by gavage. The effect of toad oil on AD was evaluated with the AD score, ear swelling rate, spleen index, and pathological section results as indicators. A total of 99 components were identified by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, including 14 bufadienolides, 7 fatty acids, 6 alkaloids, 10 ketones, 18 amides, and other compounds. After methylation of toad oil samples, a total of 20 compounds were identified by GC-MS. Compared with the model group, the low-and high-dose toad oil groups showed declined AD score, ear swelling rate, and spleen index, alleviated skin lesions, and reduced infiltrating mast cells. This study comprehensively analyzes the chemical composition and clarifies the material basis of toad oil. Meanwhile, this study proves that toad oil has a good therapeutic effect on AD and is a reserve resource of traditional Chinese medicine for external use in the treatment of AD.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Male ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Bufonidae ; Oils/administration & dosage* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of 3D printing spinal external fixator combined with McKenzie therapy for patients with lumbar dics herniation (LDH). METHODS: Sixty patients with LDH between January 2022 and January 2023 were enrolled. Among them, 30 patients were given McKinsey training. According to different treatment methods, all patients were divided into McKenzie group and McKenzie + 3D printing group, 30 patients in each group. The McKenzie group provided McKenzie therapy. The McKenzie + 3D printing group were treated with 3D printing spinal external fixation brace on the basis of McKenzie therapy. Patients in both groups were between 25 and 60 years of age and had their first illness. In the McKenzie group, there were 19 males and 11 females, with an average age of (48.57±5.86) years old, and the disease duration was (7.03 ±2.39) months. The McKenzie + 3D printing group, there were 21 males and 9 females, with an average age of (48.80±5.92) years old, and the disease duration was(7.30±2.56) months. Pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), and lumbar spine function was assessed using the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. VAS, ODI and JOA scores were compared between two groups before treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 12 months. The VAS for the McKenzie combined with 3D printing group before treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-treatment were(6.533±0.860), (5.133±1.008), (3.933±0.868), (2.900±0.759), (2.067±0.640), (1.433±0.504), respectively. In the McKenzie group, the corresponding scores were (6.467±0.860), (5.067±1.048), (4.600±0.968), (3.533±1.008), (2.567±0.728), (1.967±0.809), respectively. The ODI of the McKenzie group before treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-treatment were (41.033±6.810)%, (37.933±6.209)%, (35.467±6.962)%, (27.567±10.081)%, (20.800±7.531)%, (13.533±5.158)%, respectively. For the McKenzie combined with 3D printing group, the corresponding ODI were(38.033±5.605)%, (33.000±6.192)%, (28.767±7.045)%, (22.200±5.517)%, (17.700±4.836)%, (11.900±2.771)%, respectively. The JOA scores of the McKenzie combined with 3D printing group before treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-treatment were(8.900±2.074), (13.133±2.330), (15.700±3.583), (20.400±3.480), (22.267±3.084), (24.833±2.640), respectively. In the McKenzie group, the corresponding scores were(9.200±2.091), (12.267±2.406), (15.333±3.198), (18.467±2.240), (20.133±2.751), (22.467±2.849), respectively. Before the initiation of treatment, no statistically significant differences were observed in the VAS, ODI, and JOA scores between two groups (P>0.05). At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-treatment, the VAS in the McKenzie combined with 3D printing group was significantly lower than that in the McKenzie group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The comparison of ODI between two groups at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-treatment revealed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). At 6, 9, and 12 months post-treatment, the JOA score in the McKenzie combined with 3D printing group was significantly higher than that in the McKenzie-only group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of 3D printed functional spinal external fixation brace with McKenzie therapy can significantly improve and maintain lumbar function in patients with LDH.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery* ; External Fixators ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery* ; Adult ; Braces ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of zedoarondiol on neovascularization of atherosclerotic (AS) plaque by exosomes experiment. METHODS: ApoE^-/- mice were fed with high-fat diet to establish AS model and treated with high- and low-dose (10, 5 mg/kg daily) of zedoarondiol, respectively. After 14 weeks, the expressions of anti-angiogenic protein thrombospondin 1 (THBS-1) and its receptor CD36 in plaques, as well as platelet activation rate and exosome-derived miR-let-7a were detected. Then, zedoarondiol was used to intervene in platelets in vitro, and miR-let-7a was detected in platelet-derived exosomes (Pexo). Finally, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were transfected with miR-let-7a mimics and treated with Pexo to observe the effect of miR-let-7a in Pexo on tube formation. RESULTS: Animal experiments showed that after treating with zedoarondiol, the neovascularization density in plaques of AS mice was significantly reduced, THBS-1 and CD36 increased, the platelet activation rate was markedly reduced, and the miR-let-7a level in Pexo was reduced (P<0.01). In vitro experiments, the platelet activation rate and miR-let-7a levels in Pexo were significantly reduced after zedoarondiol's intervention. Cell experiments showed that after Pexo's intervention, the tube length increased, and the transfection of miR-let-7a minics further increased the tube length of cells, while reducing the expressions of THBS-1 and CD36. CONCLUSION Zedoarondiol has the effect of inhibiting neovascularization within plaque in AS mice, and its mechanism may be potentially related to inhibiting platelet activation and reducing the Pexo-derived miRNA-let-7a level.
Animals ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Exosomes/drug effects* ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics* ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics* ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism* ; Humans ; Blood Platelets/drug effects* ; Apolipoproteins E/deficiency* ; Thrombospondin 1/metabolism* ; CD36 Antigens/metabolism* ; Platelet Activation/drug effects* ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective To investigate the mechanism of apoptosis induced by acetyl-11-keto-3-boswellic acid(AKBA)in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)cells.Methods CAL27 were randomly divided into control group(conventional culture),low-dose group(40.00 μmol·L-1 AKBA),middle-dose group(80.00 μmol·L-1 AKBA),high-dose group(120.00 μmol·L-1 AKBA),3-methyladenine(3-MA)group(120.00 μmol·L-1 AKBA+2 mmol·L-1 autophagy inhibitor 3-MA).5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(Edu)assay was used to detect cell proliferation;Western blot assay was used to detect protein expression;flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis.Mice were randomly divided into model group(construct OSCC mouse model),AKBA-L group(10.00 mg·kg-1 AKBA after modeling),AKBA-H group(20.00 mg·kg-1 AKBA after modeling),10 animals per group.After 28 days of continuous administration,weight were detected;and the expression of related proteins were detected by Western blot assay.Results The Edu positive cell rates in control group,high-dose group were(40.18±2.53)％,(12.08±0.93)％,respectively;the protein levels of autophagy associated microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ in control group,high-dose group and 3-MA group were 0.33±0.05,2.93±0.39,0.56±0.07,respectively;phosphorylated adenylate activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha subunit 1(p-PRKAA1)protein levels were 0.34±0.04,1.03±0.07,0.99±0.09,respectively;the apoptosis rates were(4.65±0.39)％,(25.75±2.29)％,(14.92±1.49)％,respectively.The above indexes in hige-dose group were significantly different from those in the control group(all P＜0.05).The above indexes in 3-MA group were significantly different from those in high-dose group(all P＜0.05).The tumor weight of model group,AKBA-L group and AKBA-H group were(0.96±0.08),(0.55±0.06),(0.43±0.05)g,respectively;the protein levels of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ were 0.47±0.09,0.94±0.21 and 1.69±0.34,respectively.The above indexes in AKBA-L group and AKBA-H group were significantly different from those in model group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion AKBA can induce cytotoxic autophagy related apoptosis and inhibit CAL27 cell proliferation,which may be related to activation of AMPK signal.

Objective: To analyze high myopia and dioptre changes in middle school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2022, so as to provide a basis for formulating preventive and control measures. Methods: Using stratified cluster random sampling, 16 districts of Beijing were divided into four groups, each of which was respectively composed of 83, 83, 84, and 84 middle schools, in order to examine non cycloplegic auto refraction among the senior grades 1 to 3 students from September to October in each year (from 2019 to 2022). Finally, the dataset results of each of the four groups (21 589, 21 161, 21 561, 21 123) were compared by the Chi square test and trend Chi square test. Trend changes were evaluated by annual percentage change (APC). Results: The rates of high myopia were higher in female students than in males from 2019 to 2022 (15.60%,14.59%; 15.33%, 14.44%; 14.65 %, 14.17%; 14.63%,13.84%), and the difference in 2019 was statistically significant ( χ 2=4.93, P <0.05). The rates of high myopia in middle school students in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas(16.45%, 13.78%; 16.81 %, 13.00%; 15.84%, 13.06%; 15.85%, 12.72%), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=30.18, 60.43, 33.92 , 42.23, P <0.05). With the increase of grade, the rates of high myopia increased ( χ 2 trend =674.56, 608.38, 655.21, 676.89, P <0.05), with junior grade 3 students being the most robust. The rate of high myopia in middle school students from 2019 to 2022 decreased from 15.09 to 14.22%, with an average annual rate of 2.08% ( APC=-2.08, t=-7.99, P ＜0.05). The refractive error of high myopia middle school students in 2019 and 2022 were -7.44(-10.25, -6.00) and -7.38(-10.00, -6.00)D, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( H=4.30, P >0.05). Conclusions The rate of high myopia in middle school students in Beijing shows a decreasing trend, but it remains at a high level. It is necessary to classify the prevention and control strategy, and standardize the measures in order to manage early onset, high incidence rates, and severe myopia.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety and its relationship with bullying and violent behaviors among middle school students in Beijing, so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting the mental health of middle school students. Methods: A total of 18 379 junior high school, general high school, and vocational high school students from 16 districts of Beijing were selected by stratified cluster random sampling from September to November, 2023. The χ2 test was used to analyze the depression or anxiety symptom and injuryrelated behaviors such as bullying among middle school students. Logistics regression was used to analyze the correlation between depression or anxiety symptom and injury correlation behaviors among middle school students. Results: The detection rates of depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms were 18.2% and 8.6% among middle school students in Beijing, and the comorbidity was 7.6%. The reporting rate of school bullying was 3.3%. The results of Logistic regression showed that girls (OR=1.23), high school students (OR=1.85) and vocational high school students (OR=1.91), school bullying (OR=3.83), being scolded and beaten by parents (OR=3.32) and being exposed to cyber violence (OR=4.43) were positive factors related to depression symptoms; and nonresidential students (OR=0.87) was a negative factor related to depression symptoms (P<0.05).Girls (OR=1.32), high school students (OR=1.77) and vocational high school students (OR=1.50), school bullying(OR=3.63), being scolded and beaten by parents (OR=3.41) and being exposed to cyber violence (OR=3.33) were positive factore related to anxiety symptoms (P<0.05). Conclusions The depression and anxiety symptoms among middle school students in Beijing are closely related to the behaviors of school bullying and experiencing violence from parents or the Internet. Various measures should be taken to reduce the situation of school bullying, being scolded and beaten by parents and cyber violence among middle school students to promote their mental health.

Objective: To analyze the current status and related factors of comorbidity of myopia, obesity, and depression symptoms among middle school students in Beijing, so as to provide a basis for comprehensive public health interventions for common diseases. Methods: Through stratified cluster random sampling in October 2022, a total of 11 262 junior high school, senior high school, and vocational high school students in 16 districts of Beijing were surveyed with self administered questionnaires, physical examinations and visual acuity examinations. The χ 2 test and binary Logistic regression model were used to analyze group differences in the comorbidity of myopia, obesity and depression symptoms and factors influencing the comorbidity. Stratified analysis was applied to analyze the associations between health risk behaviors and the comorbidity. Results: The detection rate of comorbidity of myopia, obesity, and depression symptoms among middle school students in Beijing was 3.35%, the comorbidity rate among vocational high school students (4.61%) was higher than that in junior high school students (2.80%) and senior high school students (3.41%). The comorbidity rate was higher among students in suburban areas (3.66%) than that in urban areas (2.92%), and the differences was statistically significant ( χ 2=15.02, 4.63, P <0.05). Binary Logistic regression analyses indicated that middle school students with poor dietary behaviors ( OR =1.59) and excessive screen time ( OR =1.70) were associated with elevated risk of comorbidity of myopia, obesity, and depression symptoms. Both boys and girls with poor dietary behaviors ( OR =1.63, 1.69) and excessive screen time ( OR =1.45, 2.23) had elevated likelihood of comorbidity of myopia, obesity and depression symptoms. Students in junior high school and senior high school with poor dietary behaviors ( OR =2.16, 1.47) and excessive screen time ( OR =2.20, 1.63 ) had elevated likelihood of comorbidity of myopia, obesity, and depression symptoms ( P <0.05). Conclusions The current status of comorbidity of myopia, obesity, and depression symptoms among middle school students in Beijing is concerning. Schools and parents should work together to guide students to develop healthy behaviors such as balanced diet and moderate video, in order to achieve the goal of controlling myopia, obesity and depression symptoms.

Objective: To assess the nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Beijing City and to analyze the related factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in a targeted manner. Methods: Based on the 2021 Beijing Student Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Surveillance Project, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct a physical examination and questionnaire survey on 25 487 primary and secondary school students from September to November 2021. The Chi square test was used for comparison of nutritional status detection rates, and disordered multi classification Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors associated with students nutritional status. Results: The detection rates of malnutrition, overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Beijing City were 4.7%, 18.0% and 23.8% respectively. The detection rates of malnutrition, overweight and obesity were higher among male students (5.1%, 20.4%, 29.7%) than female students (4.2%, 15.5%, 17.4%) ( χ 2= 12.23, 101.71, 526.99, P <0.01). The detection rate of obesity was higher in the suburbs than urban areas(26.6%, 19.8%), and the detection rate of malnutrition was lower in the suburbs than urban areas (4.2%,5.5%)( χ 2=157.25, 23.61, P <0.01). The results of disordered multi classification Logistic regression showed that the related factors for malnutrition, overweight and obesity were gender, residence, moderate to vigorous exercise ≥60 min per day and lack of sleep( OR =1.70, 1.88,2.48; 1.14, 0.87, 0.67; 0.85, 0.92, 0.81 ; 0.83, 1.08, 1.07); frequency of fried food intake daily was a related factor for overweight ( OR =0.70); whether eating breakfast daily or not was a related factor for overweight and obesity ( OR =0.91, 0.84); academic level (middle and high school) was a related factor for malnutrition and obesity ( OR =1.38, 1.37; 0.77, 1.40)( P <0.05). Conclusions The problem of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Beijing City continues to be serious, especially among boys and suburban areas. It is recommended that society, schools, families and individuals should work together to improve the nutritional status of primary and secondary school students by adopting a graded and classified approach.

Objective: To analyze the status of health risk behaviors among middle school students in Beijing City from 2018 to 2022, in order to provide reference for scientific and effective intervention. Methods: Using multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method,data of student health and associated factors monitoring among 84 712 middle school students from 16 districts of Beijing during 2018 to 2022 were compared regarding the differences of health risk behaviors among students in different groups by Chi quare test. And their change trends were evaluated by annual percentage change (APC). Results: In the five surveys during 2018 to 2022,reporting rates of unhealthy diet, unintentional injury, intentional injury, substance abuse and Internet addiction (only in 2018 and 2020) behaviors were higher in boys than in girls ( χ 2=4.91-297.52, P ＜0.05).Reporting rate of physical inactivity behavior in girls was higher than that in boys ( χ 2=56.49-160.88, P ＜0.05). Reporting rates of unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, unintentional injury (except 2021), substance abuse and Internet addiction (only in 2018 and 2019) behaviors were the highest in vocational high school, followed by general high school, and the lowest in junior middle school ( χ 2=23.30-1 285.98, P ＜0.01). Intentional injury behavior was highest in junior high school, followed by vocational high school, and lowest in general high school ( χ 2=96.18-378.32, P ＜0.01).Reporting rate of Internet addiction (2020-2022) behavior was highest in general high school, followed by vocational high school, and lowest in junior high school ( χ 2=16.93-60.11, P＜0.01). Reporting rates of unhealthy diet, intentional injury (2020 and 2022) and substance abuse (except 2018) behaviors were higher in suburban areas than in urban areas (χ 2=6.70-117.56, P＜0.05). Reporting rates of physical inactivity, unintentional injury, intentional injury (2018 and 2019) and Internet addiction behaviors were higher in urban areas than in suburban areas (χ2=3.90-130.80, P＜0.05). Standardized rates of unintentional injury, intentional injury, substance abuse and Internet addiction behaviors showed a statistically significant downward trend from 2018 to 2022 (APC=-14.16, -13.43, -16.03, -8.48, t =-6.94, -4.46, -11.98, -4.36, P ＜0.05). Conclusions During 2018-2022, unintentional injury, intentional injury, substance abuse and Internet addiction behaviors of middle school students in Beijing City have improved, and the reporting rates of unhealthy diet and physical inactivity behaviors are high and don t show a downward trend. Efforts should be made to strengthen intervention in unhealthy diet and physical inactivity behaviors among middle school students, in order to reduce the occurrence of health risk behaviors.