This paper introduces a real-world cohort research model for community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） based on the Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） Dominant Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Data Platform. Firstly， data cleaning is performed by standardizing diagnosis， symptoms， treatment and imaging， intelligently extracting unstructured information， and cleaning and constructing a standardized database. Secondly， for cohort establishment， CAP patients across the province are screened in accordance with CAP diagnostic criteria to build a high-quality disease-specific cohort. Lastly， in terms of protocol design， the characteristics of TCM research and the CAP disease profile are considered to determine appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria， estimate sample size， define interventions， outcomes and economic evaluations， providing a reference for real-world TCM research on CAP.

This paper introduces a real-world cohort research model for community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） based on the Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） Dominant Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Data Platform. Firstly， data cleaning is performed by standardizing diagnosis， symptoms， treatment and imaging， intelligently extracting unstructured information， and cleaning and constructing a standardized database. Secondly， for cohort establishment， CAP patients across the province are screened in accordance with CAP diagnostic criteria to build a high-quality disease-specific cohort. Lastly， in terms of protocol design， the characteristics of TCM research and the CAP disease profile are considered to determine appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria， estimate sample size， define interventions， outcomes and economic evaluations， providing a reference for real-world TCM research on CAP.

The accumulation of uremic toxins such as urea nitrogen, blood creatinine, and uric acid of patients with renal failure in vivo would lead to aggravated kidney damage. In this study, coated aldehyde oxy-starch (CAO) was used as an adsorbent to investigate its in vitro adsorption performance on renal failure indexes for urea, indoxyl sulfate (INS), monomethylamine (MMA), dimethylamine (DMA), uric acid (UA), and creatinine (Cr). The effects of variables such as pH, temperature, concentration, dosage, and time on the adsorption capacity of CAO were systematically investigated, employing analytical techniques of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). The results revealed that CAO exhibited a strong adsorption capacity for urea, INS, and MMA, alongside a moderate adsorption capacity for DMA, UA, and Cr. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of urea and UA by CAO were fitted in pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the adsorption isotherm aligned with the Freundlich adsorption model. The enthalpy change ΔH of urea in adsorption was in the range of 40 to 60 kJ·mol^-1, which demonstrated the presence of strong adsorption force due to the interactions of coordinating groups. The ΔH of UA was greater than 80 kJ·mol^-1, indicating the generation of chemical bonds during the adsorption. Both of them, Gibbs free energy ΔG was less than 0, within the range of -20 to 0 kJ·mol^-1, suggested that the adsorption of urea and UA by CAO occurred spontaneously as physical adsorption process. The adsorption entropy ΔS of urea and UA was > 0, which indicated an increase in entropy throughout the adsorption. The infrared spectroscopygram showed the formation of a chemical bond, specifically the imine bond, following the adsorption of urea by CAO, thereby indicating a chemical reaction during the adsorption. This study elucidates the adsorption mechanism of CAO on various indexes of renal failure, providing a scientific basis for its clinical usage.

Objective To explore the application value of fractional anisotropy(FA)analysis of RGB component transformation in different directions of fibers in substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods There were 35 cases of PD and 37 cases of normal control group.After being performed by brain diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)scanning,the sequence was imported into 3DSlicense 5.6.0,and the diffusion module was used to implement pseudo color mapping based on FA,locate and segment substantia nigra,and use the substantia nigra mask as the tracking starting point.After forming tracing,fibers were imported into DTIANALYSIS 1.51,converting the RGB components into FA values for analysis,and visualized the analysis result.At the same time,fiber length,fiber density,and segmented FA point cloud percentage were compared.Results Compared with the normal group,the length of substantia nigra fibers in the PD group was shorter[(95.14±19.85)mm vs(115.99±21.39)mm,P＜0.01],and there was a statistical difference between the two groups.There was no statistical difference in fiber density[(0.07±0.05)/mm3 vs(0.10±0.12)/mm3,P＞0.05]between control group and PD group.The percentage of FA segment point clouds in the PD group was lower than that in the normal group at 0.9-1,but the principal component characteristics of the point cloud ratios in each FA segment were not significant.Conclusion Based on the transformation of RGB components into FA analysis,the length,density,and FA values of substantia nigra nerve fibers in PD patients can be quantified and visualized,providing a basis for the study of PD neural pathways.

Objective To analyze the global literature related to functional cure of hepatitis B from 2019 to 2023 by using bibliometric analysis methods,so as to help researchers understand the research hotspots and trends in this field.Methods The literature related to the topic of functional cure of hepatitis B included in the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-Expanded)of the Web of Science Core Collection from 2019 to 2023 was searched.By using VOSviewer and CiteSpace visual analysis tools,analyses were conducted from the perspectives of publication trends,international research cooperation networks,and keyword emergence,and were elaborated with the specific contents of the related literature to elucidate research hotspots and trends.Results A total of 600 eligible papers in this field were included.Keyword co-occurrence and thematic clustering suggested that the main research directions of functional cure were:serum biomarkers for prediction and monitoring of functional cure,functional cure and immunity,nucleoside analog discontinuation,interferon therapy,and long-term prognosis of functional cure.The research contents of the ESI highly cited original research papers were similar to the clustering of the above,but showed more attention on the novel agents for functional cure.The content of the keyword emergence map showed that hotspots of interest changed from virologic mechanisms and serum markers,to nucleoside analog discontinuation and interferon therapy,and finally to immunologic mechanisms and new drug.Conclusion The research hotspots and trends of functional cure of hepatitis B were focused on virological mechanism,serum markers,immunological mechanism,nucleoside analog discontinuation,interferon therapy,and long-term prognosis after cure.

Objective To analyze the global research literature on monkeypox from 2014 to 2024 through bibliometric analysis,and provide reference for monkeypox research in China.Methods Based on data from the Web of Science Core Collection database and utilizing the visualization analysis capabilities of VOSviewer software,we employed keyword co-occurrence analysis and national cooperative network analysis methods and examined the trends in monkeypox research publications,popular journals,high-yield institutions,international collaborations,and keywords.Results A total of 2 396 papers were published from 2014 to 2024,with a significant increase in publications after 2022.The United States had the highest number of publications(808 papers,accounting for 33.72%).The network of international scientific collaborations showed close cooperation between the United States and countries like the United Kingdom and Canada,frequent collaborations among developing countries such as China and India,and extensive cooperation among European countries like Italy and Spain,which also established partnerships with Brazil,Mexico,and others.Keywords co-occurrence clustering and essential science indicators(ESI)highly cited papers revealed that the monkeypox research hotspots after 2022 including the analysis of the virology,clinical,epidemiological characteristics of the global outbreak in 2022,uncovering the causes of the global outbreak and the differences from previous outbreaks.Studies on vaccines and antiviral drugs also gradually became focal points.Conclusion Since the outbreak of monkeypox in 2022,monkeypox research has developed rapidly.Papers focus on specific populations,and gradually shifting from virological,clinical and epidemiological characterization to the development of new drugs,vaccines,and clinical validation studies.

Objective To conduct a bibliometric analysis of relevant literature on liver failure caused by viral hepatitis from the past five years,and to help researchers understand the current status and hotspots in this field,and to provide insights into future research trends.Methods Based on the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-Expanded)data from Web of Science Core Collection,visualization analysis and mapping were conducted through VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to generate visual representations of international research collaboration networks,keyword co-occurrence clustering,and keyword bursts.Results From 2019 to 2023,a total of 873 relevant literature were included,with a total citation frequency of 7 364 and an average citation frequency of 8.44.Among them,China had the highest number of publications(458 articles,52.46%)and had the most cooperation with the United States.The research hotspots of viral hepatitis induced liver failure were mainly divided into three categories:basic and clinical research on liver failure caused by non-hepatitis B virus(HBV),the pathogenesis of HBV related liver failure,and treatment and prediction models of liver failure.The keyword time overlay map and burst map showed that the research hotspots had gradually shifted from the prevention and control of new infections to the treatment and prognosis assessment of patients with chronic infection.Conclusion China is a major international research entity in liver failure caused by viral hepatitis and actively participates in international scientific collaborations.The research hotspots on liver failure caused by viral hepatitis have gradually shifted from preventing viral hepatitis infections and expanding treatment options to the treatment of chronic infection patients and prognostic prediction.

Objective To analyze the current status of malaria vaccine research from 2019 to 2024 by using bibliometric methods.Methods Based on the Web of Science core collection database,we used VOSviewer to conduct a visual analysis of the publishing trends,publishing journals,international cooperation status,institutions and research hotspots of malaria vaccine research.Results A total of 2 467 relevant articles were retrieved,and the annual number of publications showed a stable trend.The number of articles published by different countries/regions varied greatly,and the top effect was obvious.The United States published the most papers(1 032 articles,41.83%).The international cooperation network reflected the regional collaborative relationships in malaria vaccine research,predominantly involving the United States,the United Kingdom,Australia,India and China.Through keyword co-occurrence clustering,the current research hotspots in the field of malaria vaccines were basic research on key sites and mechanisms of potential vaccines,clinical research on new vaccines,epidemiological studies on the impact of malaria vaccines on malaria transmission,etc.Conclusion In recent years,malaria vaccine research has received sustained attention.The translation of clinical research on malaria vaccine was currently accelerating,and children and women were still the key groups of concern.

Objective To explore the effect of composite electromagnetic stimulation combined with chin tuck against resistance(CTAR)on post-stroke dysphagia.Methods From January,2021 to December,2023,156 post-stroke patients with pharyngeal dysphagia in the First Peo-ple's Hospital of Yibin were randomly divided into CTAR group(n=51),neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)+repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)group(n=52)and combination group(n=53).On the basis of routine swallowing function training,they received CTAR,NMES+rTMS and NMES+rTMS+CTAR,respectively,for four weeks.They were assessed with Functional Oral Intake Scale(FOIS),Standardized Swal-lowing Assessment(SSA),Swallowing-Quality of Life(SWAL-QOL),Rosenbek Penetration Aspiration Scale(PAS),video fluoroscopic swallowing study(VFSS)(including the score of VFSS,pharyngeal transit time,and upward and forward displacement of hyoid bone),average surface electromyography(AMEG)of submental and hyoid muscles,before and after treatment.Results The inter-group effect,intra-group effect and interaction effect were significant in SSA,SWAL-QOL and AMEG of the two muscles(F>6.611,P<0.001).The inter-group effect and interaction effect were significant in FOIS,VFSS,pharyngeal transit time,upward displacement of hyoid bone and forward displacement of hyoid bone(F>3.451,P<0.05).Pairwise comparison results showed that pharyngeal transit time was shorter in the combination group than in NMES+rTMS group(P=0.048),forward displacement of hyoid bone was more in the combina-tion group than in CTAR group(P=0.002),and AMEG was higher in the combination group than in CTAR group and NMES+rTMS group(P<0.001).There was significant difference in the score of PAS among three groups(Hc=8.282,P=0.016),and it was the best in the combination group.Conclusion The combination of NMES+rTMS and CTAR is superior to single electromagnetic stimulation or CTAR in the treatment of post-stroke sysphagia.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.