ObjectiveTo investigate whether the effect of Danggui Shaoyaosan （DSS） on cognitive impairment is related to its promotion of ketone body metabolism in the brain and regulation of glutamate/α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isox-azolepropionic acid receptor （AMPAR） pathway. MethodsMale APP/PS1 mice were randomized into model， low-dose （3.2 g·kg^-1） DSS， medium-dose （6.4 g·kg^-1） DSS， high-dose （12.8 g·kg^-1） DSS， ketogenic diet， and inhibitor （talampanel， 5 mg·kg^-1） groups. C57BL/6J wild-type mice were selected as the normal group. The talampanel group was intragastrically administered for 2 consecutive weeks from the 6th week， and the other groups were continuously treated for 8 weeks before behavioral testing. The ultrastructure of synapses in hippocampal CA1 region was observed by transmission electron microscopy， and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase Ⅱ （CaMKⅡ） expression was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The levels of β-hydroxybutyrate （BHB） and lactic acid （LAC） were measured by biochemical kits， and those of glutamate （Glu）， glutamine （Gln）， γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）， and synaptophysin （SYP） by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA levels of glutamine synthetase （GS）， glutaminase （GLS）， glutamate decarboxylase （GAD）， CaMKⅡ， and AMPAR subunits GluA1 and GluA2 were quantified by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the protein levels of GS， GLS， GAD， GluA1， and GluA2 by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited decreased recognition index， spontaneous alternation rate， and residence time in the target quadrant （P<0.01）， increased escape latency and ratio of the time in the opposite side of the target quadrant to the time in the target quadrant （P<0.05， P<0.01）， damaged synaptic ultrastructure of hippocampal CA1 region， increased positive expression of CaMKⅡ， no significant difference in BHB level， elevated LAC and Glu levels （P<0.01）， declined SYP， Gln， and GABA levels （P<0.01）， downregulated mRNA and protein levels of GS， GAD， and GluA2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and upregulated mRNA and protein levels of GLS and GluA1 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and mRNA level of CaMKⅡ （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， DSS intervention improved the behavioral indexes of mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）， enhanced the synaptic ultrastructure plasticity in hippocampal CA1 region， decreased the positive expression of CaMKⅡ， raised the BHB level （P<0.01）， reduced the LAC and Glu levels （P<0.01）， elevated the SYP， Gln， and GABA levels （P<0.01）， upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of GS， GAD， and GluA2， and downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of GLS and GluA1 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and the mRNA level of CaMKⅡ （P<0.01）. ConclusionDSS can improve the learning and memory and enhance the synaptic plasticity of APP/PS1 mice. Its neuroprotective effect is coupled with the promotion of ketone body formation and remodeling of brain energy metabolism， and is related to the regulation of glutamate/AMPAR pathway.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating tumor deposits (TDs) from metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) in rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 patients with rectal cancer, including 168 lesions (70 TDs and 98 MLNs confirmed by histopathology), who underwent pretreatment MRI and subsequent surgery between March 2019 and December 2022. The morphological characteristics of TDs and MLNs, along with quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI (K trans , kep, and v e) and DWI (ADCmin, ADCmax, and ADCmean), were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Multivariable binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of significant individual quantitative parameters and combined parameters in distinguishing TDs from MLNs. Results: All morphological features, including size, shape, border, and signal intensity, as well as all DCE-MRI parameters showed significant differences between TDs and MLNs (all P < 0.05). However, ADC values did not demonstrate significant differences (all P > 0.05). Among the single quantitative parameters, v e had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.772 for distinguishing TDs from MLNs. A multivariable logistic regression model incorporating short axis, border, v e, and ADC mean improved diagnostic performance, achieving an AUC of 0.833 (P = 0.027). Conclusion The combination of morphological features, DCE-MRI parameters, and ADC values can effectively aid in the preoperative differentiation of TDs from MLNs in rectal cancer.

The accumulation of uremic toxins such as urea nitrogen, blood creatinine, and uric acid of patients with renal failure in vivo would lead to aggravated kidney damage. In this study, coated aldehyde oxy-starch (CAO) was used as an adsorbent to investigate its in vitro adsorption performance on renal failure indexes for urea, indoxyl sulfate (INS), monomethylamine (MMA), dimethylamine (DMA), uric acid (UA), and creatinine (Cr). The effects of variables such as pH, temperature, concentration, dosage, and time on the adsorption capacity of CAO were systematically investigated, employing analytical techniques of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). The results revealed that CAO exhibited a strong adsorption capacity for urea, INS, and MMA, alongside a moderate adsorption capacity for DMA, UA, and Cr. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of urea and UA by CAO were fitted in pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the adsorption isotherm aligned with the Freundlich adsorption model. The enthalpy change ΔH of urea in adsorption was in the range of 40 to 60 kJ·mol^-1, which demonstrated the presence of strong adsorption force due to the interactions of coordinating groups. The ΔH of UA was greater than 80 kJ·mol^-1, indicating the generation of chemical bonds during the adsorption. Both of them, Gibbs free energy ΔG was less than 0, within the range of -20 to 0 kJ·mol^-1, suggested that the adsorption of urea and UA by CAO occurred spontaneously as physical adsorption process. The adsorption entropy ΔS of urea and UA was > 0, which indicated an increase in entropy throughout the adsorption. The infrared spectroscopygram showed the formation of a chemical bond, specifically the imine bond, following the adsorption of urea by CAO, thereby indicating a chemical reaction during the adsorption. This study elucidates the adsorption mechanism of CAO on various indexes of renal failure, providing a scientific basis for its clinical usage.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating tumor deposits (TDs) from metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) in rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 patients with rectal cancer, including 168 lesions (70 TDs and 98 MLNs confirmed by histopathology), who underwent pretreatment MRI and subsequent surgery between March 2019 and December 2022. The morphological characteristics of TDs and MLNs, along with quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI (K trans , kep, and v e) and DWI (ADCmin, ADCmax, and ADCmean), were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Multivariable binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of significant individual quantitative parameters and combined parameters in distinguishing TDs from MLNs. Results: All morphological features, including size, shape, border, and signal intensity, as well as all DCE-MRI parameters showed significant differences between TDs and MLNs (all P < 0.05). However, ADC values did not demonstrate significant differences (all P > 0.05). Among the single quantitative parameters, v e had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.772 for distinguishing TDs from MLNs. A multivariable logistic regression model incorporating short axis, border, v e, and ADC mean improved diagnostic performance, achieving an AUC of 0.833 (P = 0.027). Conclusion The combination of morphological features, DCE-MRI parameters, and ADC values can effectively aid in the preoperative differentiation of TDs from MLNs in rectal cancer.

Objective:To explore the grouping and standard cost of malignant tumors chemotherapy patients under the diagnosis-intervention packet (DIP) system based on the decision tree model, for references for optimizing the detailed grouping scheme of this disease.Methods:The data of the first page of medical records of malignant tumors chemotherapy patients in a tertiary hospital in 2022 were collected. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of patients′ hospitalization expenses. The Chi squared automatic interaction detection was used to construct the decision tree model to obtain the case grouping scheme and its standard expenses. The coefficient of variation and chi-square test were used to evaluate the grouping effect.Results:A total of 27 235 patients were included in this study. The number of surgical operations, length of hospital stay, gender, the number of other diagnoses, chemotherapy pathways and targeted therapy were taken as classification nodes and included in the decision tree model. A total of 13 groups were formed. The homogeneity within the groups was good(CV<0.70), and the heterogeneity between the groups was strong( χ2= 9 564.65, P<0.001). Conclusions:Based on the decision tree model, the grouping scheme for chemotherapy cases of malignant tumors was established by comprehensively considering factors such as surgical operations within the group, length of hospital stay, other diagnostic and chemotherapy pathways is relatively reasonable, which could provide references for relevant management departments to optimize the detailed grouping scheme of this disease and formulate relevant payment standards.

Humanistic caring for patients in the operating room refers to providing the whole process of caring medical services for patients in the operating room. In order to standardize humanistic caring services for patients in the operating room of medical institutions, improve the comprehensive service level of the operating room, and enhance the surgical experience of patients, the Chinese Association for Life Care released the group standard " Humanistic Caring Management Standards for Patients in the Operating Room" in December 2023. This article interpreted the basic requirements for humanistic caring of patients in the operating room, the environment and facilities for humanistic caring, the procedures and measures for humanistic caring, and the quality management framework, aiming to assist administrators and clinical practitioners across various levels of medical institutions in accurately understanding and effectively implementing the standard, and to provide essential textual reference and practical guidance for promoting the application of the standard.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

The xylitol dehydrogenase(XDH)is a crucial enzyme involved in the xylose utilization in pentose-catabolizing yeasts and fungi.In addition to producing xylulose,XDH can also be employed to develop a biosensor for monitoring xylitol concentration.In this study,the gene encoding the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii XDH(TeXDH)was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)at 16 ℃ in the soluble form.Recombinant TeXDH with high purity was purified by using a Ni-NTA affinity column.Size-exclusion chromatography and SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that the puri-fied recombinant TeXDH exists as a native trimer with a molecular mass of approximately 116 kD,and is composed of three identical subunits,each with a molecular weight of around 39 kD.The TeXDH strictly preferred NAD+as a coenzyme to NADP+.The optimal temperature and pH of the TeXDH were 40 ℃and 10.0,respectively.After EDTA treatment,the enzyme activity of TeXDH decreased to 43.26％of the initial enzyme activity,while the divalent metal ions Mg2+or Ca2+could recover the enzyme activity of TeXDH,reaching 103.32％and 110.69％of the initial enzyme activity,respectively,making them the optimal divalent metal ion cofactors for TeXDH enzyme.However,the divalent metal ions of Mn2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Co2+,and Cd2+significantly inhibited the activity of TeXDH.ICP-MS and molecular doc-king studies revealed that 1 mol/L of TeXDH bound 2 mol/L Zn2+ions and 1 mol/L Mg2+ion.Further-more,TeXDH exhibited a high specificity for xylitol,laying the foundation for the development of future xylitol biosensors.

Mycoplasmatota is a large class of special wall-less prokaryotic microorganisms,which is widely distributed in nature.Among them,Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other important pathogens are harmful to human health.The classification and naming history of Mycoplasmatota are very complex,which leaded to the fact that a species often has multiple homotypic and heterotypic synonyms.At the same time,due to the lack of a unified Chinese translation principle,one name has different translations.Moreover,most of Mycoplasmatota species lack of Chinese translated names and there is a situation of mixing Chinese and English.In 2018,based on whole genome analysis,the taxonomy of Mycoplasmatota underwent significant chan-ges.In order to standardize the Chinese translation of Mycoplasmatota names and end the confusion,and enable the researchers and clinical workers engaged in Mycoplasmatota prevention and treatment to track changes and use the names of Mycoplasma-tota,Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University;National Institute for Communicable Disease Control,Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention;Committee of Zoonoses Etiology,Chinese Society for Microbiology and Society of Biodiagnostic Technology,China Medical Biotechnology Association organized experts in this field to conduct literature research and expert discussions,and formed this consensus on the systematic Chinese translation principle and Chinese translation names for all existing levels in Mycoplasmatota.