Objective: To investigate the characteristics and potential risk factors associated with HIV infection among newly reported HIV positive male student cases in Jiangsu Province from 2023 to 2024, so as to provide evidence for targeted intervention strategies. Methods: Data were obtained from the China CDC Surveillance System on newly reported HIV positive male student cases from 2023 to 2024. A survey was conducted to collect information on demographic characteristics, knowledge of AIDS prevention, education and training history, HIV testing history, behavioral and substance use patterns, and other relevant factors prior to HIV diagnosis among 343 newly reported HIV positive male student cases in Jiangsu Province. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors of HIV infection among male students. Results: Among the HIV positive male student cases, homosexual behavior accounted for 93.88% of transmission routes, while 10.20% involved heterosexual contact, as well as 4.08% for two sexual hehaviors. Awareness of HIV prevention knowledge was 97.08%, and 66.76% had previously undergone HIV testing. Among the respondents, 10.50% had used rush poppers as enhancers, and 72.30% had received HIV prevention education within the past year. Among students cases with homosexual behavior, the median time from first homosexual contact to HIV diagnosis was ≤2 years, with 54.66% of cases falling into this category; the most common way of finding same sex partners was through social software, accounting for 88.20% of cases, while the proportion of those via "Blued" app reached 87.07% ; the proportion of using condoms every time during sexual activity in the past six months was 12.27%. Among the student cases with homosexual behavior, the results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that student cases aged 18 to 24 ( OR =4.52) and >24 ( OR = 19.23 ), without receiving education on HIV prevention in the past year ( OR =1.86), having consistent condom use ( OR =2.73) and not using condoms ( OR =2.12) during the last sexual activity were more likely to had the first same sex sexual activity for more than 3 years before being diagnosed as HIV positive cases (all P <0.05). Student cases who were uncertain about their partner s sexual identity ( OR =0.33), and who primarily identified same sex partners through "other" means ( OR = 0.23 ) were more likely to avoid HIV testing; in contrast, student cases with consistent condom use during the last homosexual encounter ( OR =7.20) was significantly associated with increased likelihood of HIV testing (all P <0.05). Conclusions Newly reported HIV positive male student cases in Jiangsu Province exhibit serious discrepancies between knowledge and practice regarding HIV prevention. Measures are needed to accelerate the optimization of campus based HIV prevention education content and delivery methods. Simultaneously, enhanced management of extracurricular male populations is essential to effectively control the spread of HIV.

Objective To analyze the distribution status of the end digits of standardized blood pressure measurement recordings in the clinic and the effectiveness of standardized blood pressure measurement for community hypertension screening. Methods The first visit blood pressure measurement data from the Community Health Service Center in Jing'an District, Shanghai from June 2023 to May 2024 were collected and analyzed. According to different measurement methods, the data were divided into two groups: standardized blood pressure measurement and conventional blood pressure measurement. SPSS 19.0 software was used for data analysis. The differences in the distribution balance of the end digits of blood pressure values and the detection rate of blood pressure elevation between the two different groups were analyzed. Results The frequency range of the end digits of blood pressure recorded values in the standardized pressure measurement group was 9.42% to 10.83%, and the detection rate of elevated blood pressure was 24.89%. The conventional pressure measurement group had a preference of the end digit ^"0^", and the detection rate of elevated blood pressure was only 2.12%. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, season, and different blood pressure measurement modes were all influencing factors for the detection rate of elevated blood pressure. Conclusion The standardized blood pressure measurement mode in the clinic is suitable for community hypertension screening and pressure measurement, with higher data quality than the conventional pressure measurement mode.

Background: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE), a common complication of advanced cancers, is associated with poor prognosis and reduced quality of life. Although host–tumor interactions are known to drive MPE development, the associated immune dynamics during disease progression remain unclear. Using a Lewis lung carcinoma-induced MPE model in C57BL/6JNidfc mice, we systematically evaluated general parameters and immune cell changes at two-day intervals throughout disease progression. Results: The day of Lewis lung carcinoma cell injection into the pleural space was designated as day 0. By day 10 post-injection (p.i.), MPE-bearing mice exhibited ~ 10% body weight loss, marking the experimental endpoint. Pleural tumor mass and pleural effusion volume were minimal up to day 4 p.i. but increased sharply from day 6 onward.CD45⁺ immune cell counts rose over time, and days 6, 8, and 10 p.i. marked key stages of MPE progression. On day 6, B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells, but not macrophages and neutrophils, increased significantly compared to earlier timepoints. By day 8, all immune cell subsets except T cells exceeded day 6 levels, and at day 10, natural killer cell numbers declined while others continued to increase. Besides, the numbers of CD8⁺ T cells, Th1 cells, regulatory T cells, and M2 macrophages progressively increased from day 6 to 10. Based on these data, days 6 and 10 were defined as early and advanced MPE stages, respectively, with distinct immune phenotypes. In advanced MPE, CD8⁺ T cells displayed reduced IFN-γ, TNF-α, Granzyme B, Perforin, FasL, and Ki-67, but upregulated PD-1 and CTLA-4 relative to early stage. Similarly, Th1 cells showed decreased IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 production along with reduced Ki-67 expression. Advanced-stage M2 macrophages exhibited lower MHC-II levels and impaired phagocytosis, but higher PD-L1 and IL-10 production, while neutrophils showed reduced TNF-α release and phagocytic activity. Conclusions Our findings characterize the temporal immune dynamics associated with MPE progression in a mouse model, revealing a transition from an early immunostimulatory state to a late immunosuppressive state. This study enhances our understanding of MPE immunopathogenesis and provides a foundation for developing precise, stagespecific therapeutic strategies.

OBJECTIVE To provide standardized guidance for the homogenization construction and management of pharmaceutical care in urban medical groups. METHODS This consensus was jointly initiated by the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmacological Society and the Expert Committee on Precision Clinical Medication of the Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association. Led by Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital， a drafting group of 7 members and an expert group of 36 members were organized. The outline of the Expert Consensus on Homogeneous Construction and Management of Pharmaceutical Care in Urban Medical Groups （hereinafter referred to as the “Consensus”） was discussed and finalized using the nominal group technique， and a preliminary draft was formed. The Delphi method was used for online c orrespondence review， and 12 external experts were invited for evaluation. After analyzing and revising expert opinions， the final Consensus was formed. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS This Consensus defines the position setting and appointment procedures for the chief pharmacist， and establishes a three-tier professional guidance network of “chief pharmacist-regional/specialist pharmacist-pharmaceutical liaison of member institutions”. It formulates unified management standards for the drug supply catalog， establishes a full-process homogenization mechanism for prescription review， prescription commentation and comprehensive pharmaceutical care， and specifies the core functions and performance requirements of the prescription review system. It also supports by long-term mechanisms including cost allocation and performance assessment. This consensus can serve as a systematic reference for the homogeneous construction and management of pharmaceutical care systems in urban medical groups.

The recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) can be used for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) preparation before ¹³¹I therapy, and follow-up. Since its approval by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998, rhTSH has been clinically used in European countries, the United States, and other countries for nearly 30 years. In April 2024, China’s first independently developed rhTSH agent was approved. Based on clinical experience and evidence from domestic and international studies, an expert consensus on the application of rhTSH has been developed following thorough consultations among experts. The consensus offers evidence-based recommendations to guide the appropriate use of rhTSH in clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Shuangshen Ningxin capsules （SSNX） in regulating the nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathways to inhibit inflammation and alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI） in rats. MethodsThe 45 healthy male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were divided into sham operation group， model group， and SSNX capsules group （90 mg·kg^-1）. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to establish the MIRI model. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography， and microvascular reperfusion was analyzed using contrast echocardiography. Myocardial inflammation and injury were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining， immunohistochemistry， and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL）. The expression levels of cardiac inflammatory cytokines， including interleukin-1α （IL-1α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Core differentially expressed genes （DEGs） and enriched pathways were screened by transcriptome sequencing. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to verify the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 2 （TLR2）， chemokine （C-X-C motif） ligand 1 （CXCL1） and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2）， as well as the protein expression of Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-3， p-NF-κB/NF-κB， phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2） and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， the ejection fraction （EF）， fractional shortening （FS）， stroke volume （SV） and cardiac output （CO） of the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， the peak time of myocardial perfusion was prolonged （P<0.01）， hypoxia-inducible factor （HIF）-1α and α-smooth muscle actin （SMA） expression increased （P<0.01）， the concentrations of inflammatory factors IL-1α， IL-6， TNF-α， TLR2， CXCL1 and PTGS2 increased （P<0.01）， and the expression of cleaved Caspase-3， p-NF-κB/NF-κB， p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK proteins was significantly increased （P<0.01）. SSNX could improve cardiac function （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and significantly shorten the peak time of myocardial perfusion （P<0.01）. Moreover， it could also down-regulate HIF-1α and a-SMA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and reduce the concentrations of IL-1α， IL-6， TNF-α （P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression of TLR2， CXCL1 and PTGS2 （P<0.01）. Additionally， SSNX inhibited the apoptosis rate （P<0.01） and significantly reduced the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3， p-NF-κB/NF-κB， p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK proteins （P<0.01）. ConclusionSSNX can alleviate cardiac inflammation by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways， thereby effectively preventing and alleviating myocardial reperfusion injury.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of darolutamide in the treatment of patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 17 cases of prostate cancer patients who received treatment with darolutamide in combination with ADT at our hospital from January to December 2022. The median age was 70 (range: 56 to 92) years old. The median pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 63.50 (range: 29.16 to 700.74) ng/ml. Sixteen cases had a Gleason score of 8 or above, and 11 cases were classified as high tumor burden (with four or more bone metastases and/or visceral metastases). The patients were treated with darolutamide in combination with goserelin (10.8 mg, subcutaneous injection, every 12 weeks). The decrease in PSA levels was observed at 2 weeks and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. The time to achieve a 50% decrease in PSA level (PSA50), a 90% decrease (PSA90), and a PSA level of ≤0.2 ng/ml was recorded.Adverse drug reactions were also documented.Results:All the 17 patients were followed up and continued to receive darolutamide at our center without any loss to follow-up. The median follow-up time was 11.4(8.9, 15.3)months. It showed a median PSA decrease from baseline of 83.33% at 2 weeks, 95.37% at 1 month, 96.71% at 2 months, 97.22% at 3 months, and 99.10% at 6 months. The median time to achieve PSA50, PSA90, and PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/ml were 1.3 (0.9, 1.7)months, 1.7 (1.2, 2.4)months, and 3.6 (2.9, 4.5)months respectively. Six patients with bone metastases experienced relief of metastatic lesions after treatment. Only one patient developed papules on the left upper limb, which were assessed as grade 1 rash, and the rash disappeared after three days treatment of topical application of hydrocortisone cream.Conclusions:Darolutamide could rapidly control and significantly reduce PSA levels in prostate cancer patients, with a favorable safety profile.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a domestically developed robotic surgical system based on fiber-optic dedicated line communication in cross-regional urological telesurgery.Methods:This was multicenter，single-arm，retrospective case series study. The data of patients who underwent urological telesurgeries using the telesurgical system between January 2023 and December 2024 were analyzed. The cohort included 59 patients from seven hospitals across China. Among the patients，47 were male（79.7%）and 12 were female（20.3%），with a median age of 63.0（56.0，68.0）years and a body mass index of（24.7 ± 3.0）kg/m 2. Surgical procedures included 32 radical prostatectomies，24 partial nephrectomies，one radical nephrectomy，one adrenalectomy，and one ureteral reconstruction. The perioperative indicators，pathological results and postoperative complications were analyzed. The network monitoring data were collected，and the perioperative data of patients，remote system monitoring data and costs were compared between the two communication modes of optical transport network（OTN）and cloud-connect network（CCN）. Results:All 59 remote surgeries were successfully completed，with a mean operative time of（138.0 ± 54.0）minutes，median intraoperative blood loss of 50.0（30.0，100.0）ml and a postoperative hospital stay of 5.0（4.0，6.0）days. No cases required reoperation，Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3 complications，or readmission. The geographical distance between the primary and remote surgical sites ranged from 450 to 2 800 km. Network monitoring revealed increased bidirectional latency with distance increasing：the shortest latency time（Hefei-Hangzhou，450 km）was（16.59 ± 0.80）ms，while the longest（Harbin-Hangzhou，2 200 km）latency time was（53.31 ± 0.31）ms. Average frame loss per procedure was 0?1.27 frames. The results of subgroup analysis comparing OTN and CCN communication modes showed no significant differences in operative time［（130.7 ± 70.5）minutes vs.（142.1 ± 42.9）minutes， P = 0.442］，postoperative hospitalization［6.0（4.0，8.0）d vs. 5.0（4.0，6.0）d， P = 0.581］，or readmission rates（0 vs. 0）. However，CCN demonstrated significant cost advantages with 500 RMB per operation vs. 3 000 RMB per operation for OTN. Conclusions:Urological telesurgery using fiber-optic communication is feasible. The CCN mode，with its cost-effectiveness，excellent usability，and multi-point interconnection flexibility，is currently the preferred communication model for telesurgical applications.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To investigate the visit duration of patients attending traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)tumor rehabilitation outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital,analyze its influencing factors and explore the corresponding improvement strategies.Methods A total of 317 patients in the TCM Tumor Rehabilitation Clinic of Sichuan Cancer Hospital from February to April 2023 were selected as study subjects.Patient characteristics and symptom burden were analyzed by using generalized linear regression model.Results Restless sleep were the most severe symptoms,followed by fatigue,forgetfulness,dry mouth,and loss of appetite.Fear of cold is the most serious TCM-specific symptom.Age,number of patient peers,and poor performance status or severe fatigue were the main factors influencing the duration of patients'visits.Conclusion TCM cancer rehabilitation outpatient patients have taken a long time and have a heavy symptom burden,the main influencing factors are age,number of patients,poor physical condition or severe fatigue.