This study employs ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) to analyze the differences in alkaloid content of Commelina communis from various geographical origins, exploring its feasibility as a quality evaluation indicator. A total of 57 batches of C. communis samples from 23 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China were selected. The MicroPulite HSS T3(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm)column was used with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(20∶80), detection wavelength at 254 nm, and a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1) to measure the content of 1-deoxynojirimycin(DNJ) and deoxymannojirimycin(DMJ). The MicroPulite XP tC_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm)column was employed with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(4∶96), detection wavelength at 254 nm, and a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1) to measure the content of norharmine(NHM) and harmanme(HM). Chemometric methods were applied to study the relationships and differences among the 57 batches of C. communis. Significant differences in alkaloid content were observed among C. communis from different regions, with the average total content decreasing in the order of North China, Northeast China, Northwest China, East China, Southwest China, Central China, and South China. Cluster analysis(CA) and principal component analysis(PCA) further revealed the quality differences of C. communis from various origins, and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) identified DNJ as a marker compound to distinguish the quality differences between different geographical sources of C. communis. It is recommended that the content limit of DNJ be set at no less than 0.055 9%, providing a reference for the quality evaluation and clinical application of C. communis medicinal materials.
Alkaloids/analysis* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chemometrics/methods* ; Quality Control

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) plays an essential role in regulating the necroptosis and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the regulation of RIPK1 kinase activity after cerebral I/R injury remains largely unknown. In this study, we found the downregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) was induced by cerebral I/R injury, which negatively correlated with the activation of RIPK1. Mechanistically, we proved that PRMT1 directly interacted with RIPK1 and catalyzed its asymmetric dimethylarginine, which then blocked RIPK1 homodimerization and suppressed its kinase activity. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of PRMT1 aggravated I/R injury by promoting RIPK1-mediated necroptosis and apoptosis, while PRMT1 overexpression protected against I/R injury by suppressing RIPK1 activation. Our findings revealed the molecular regulation of RIPK1 activation and demonstrated PRMT1 would be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Objective This study aims at establishing a teaching catalog and content for breast rare dis-eases and developing the syllabus for the breast rare disease using integrated multimodality of case-/problem-/resource-based learning(CBL+PBL+RBL).Methods By conducting bibliometrics co-occurrence analysis,we collected 6291 articles on breast rare disease published from January,1975 to June,2024.Additionally,we re-trieved the Textbook on Rare Diseases,the Catalog of Chinese Rare Disease,and Second Batch of Rare Dis-ease Catalog and then decided the teaching content.Results From 16,387 keywords,1000(6.1％)keywords were identified through co-occurrence analysis,including 50(0.3％)candidate diseases.These were classified into three categories:rare primary breast diseases,rare genetic mutation-related diseases associated with breast cancer,and rare systemic multi-system diseases involving the breast.From the candidate list,20(0.1％)rare primary breast diseases were further selected for their notable clinical teaching significance,and significant multi-systemic diseases affecting the breast,whether related to gene mutations or not.Teaching plans were draf-ted using a diversified parallel teaching approaches,taking into account the characteristics of different diseases and the focus of different teaching methods.Conclusions This study initiated the development of the teaching content for breast rare diseases and developed the teaching syllabus using the CBL+PBL+RBL integrated multi teaching model and targeting each rare breast disease for the critical point for teaching.

Objective To explore characteristics of clinical parameters and cytokines in patients with drug-induced liver injury(DILI)caused by different drugs and their correlation with clinical indicators. Method The study was conducted on patients who were up to Review of Uncertainties in Confidence Assessment for Medical Tests(RUCAM)scoring criteria and clinically diagnosed with DILI.Based on Chinese herbal medicine,cardiovascular drugs,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),anti-infective drugs,and other drugs,patients were divided into five groups.Cytokines were measured by Luminex technology.Baseline characteristics of clinical biochemical indicators and cytokines in DILI patients and their correlation were analyzed. Results 73 patients were enrolled.Age among five groups was statistically different(P=0.032).Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(P=0.033)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(P=0.007)in NSAIDs group were higher than those in chinese herbal medicine group.Interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)in patients with Chinese herbal medicine(IL-6:P<0.001;TNF-α:P<0.001)and cardiovascular medicine(IL-6:P=0.020;TNF-α:P=0.001)were lower than those in NSAIDs group.There was a positive correlation between ALT(r=0.697,P=0.025),AST(r=0.721,P=0.019),and IL-6 in NSAIDs group. Conclusion Older age may be more prone to DILI.Patients with NSAIDs have more severe liver damage in early stages of DILI,TNF-α and IL-6 may partake the inflammatory process of DILI.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major outer membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii can still survive and acquire polymyxin resistance after complete loss of LPS. Previous studies of LPS-deficient Acinetobacter baumannii mostly focused on LPS-deficient strains induced by polymyxin, whose background was complex and unstable. To investigate LPS loss-mediated polymyxin resistant-Acinetobacter baumannii, this study constructed a stable and clear background LPS-deficient strain by knocking out lpxC gene in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 with CIRSPR/Cas9, and then studied the phenotypic changes of the lpxC-deficient strain including morphology, growth rate, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence, membrane permeability, and membrane potential. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Welfare Committee Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, CAMS and PUMC (approval number: IMB-20240119D₉). The results indicated that the lpxC gene of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 was successfully knocked out. After losing the lpxC, the strain underwent the morphological change from rod-shaped to spherical. Furthermore, it leads to reduced growth rate, enhanced membrane permeability, decreased membrane potential, lower virulence, and increased antibiotic susceptibility to β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, glycopeptides. The lpxC deletion results in significant changes in membrane homeostasis and adaptability of Acinetobacter baumannii. Understanding the phenotypic changes of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii mediated by LPS loss is useful for exploring the resistance mechanism of Acinetobacter baumannii and developing new therapeutic strategies.

As a major global public health problem, pulmonary diseases threaten human life and health while causing a huge economic burden. The messenger RNA (mRNA)-based inhalation preparation, which effectively targets pulmonary cells can overcome the problems of traditional therapy, such as high side effects, low pulmonary bioavailability, and difficulty in synthesizing target proteins in vitro, thus providing new ideas for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. However, as the lung structure is complex and mRNA has trouble entering cells, researchers have been attempting to develop a suitable nano delivery system for higher delivery efficiency. This review introduces the barriers to pulmonary delivery, discusses the recent research development of the mRNA pulmonary delivery systems, including lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, polypeptides and exosomes, summarizes their limitations and looks forward to the application of mRNA inhalation preparations.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of PCSK9 gene knockout on myocardial function in obese mice via ultrasound strain technology,and to discuss the related mechanisms.Materials and Methods Twenty six-week-old wild-type C57BL/6 male mice were selected and randomly divided into a normal group(n=10)and an obese group(n=10).Additionally,ten six-week-old PCSK9-/-C57BL/6 male mice were selected as the PCSK9-/-group.Mice in the obese group and PCSK9-/-group were fed with high-fat feed to create models,while those in the normal group were fed with regular feed.After 12 weeks,mice that were successfully modeled were selected from the obese group and PCSK9-/-group.Then,the three groups of mice were subjected to cardiac ultrasound,transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining to observe relevant indicators.Results The interventricular septal end-diastolic thickness of mice in obese group,normal group,and PCSK9-/-group were(0.98±0.13)mm,(0.77±0.07)mm,(0.78±0.13)mm,respectively,with statistically significant difference(F=5.10,P=0.02).The obese group was thicker than the normal group(t=2.73,P＜0.05),while the PCSK9-/-group was thinner than the obese group(t=-2.92,P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in global longitudinal strain and global circumferential strain of the left ventricle among the three groups(F=7.44,15.40,P＜0.05),with the obese group showing a decrease in global longitudinal strain and global circumferential strain compared to the normal group(t=3.79,5.50,P＜0.05).The PCSK9-/-group showed an increase in global longitudinal strain and global circumferential strain compared to the obese group(t=-2.53,-3.37,P＜0.05).Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence results showed that the myocardial ultrastructure of the obese group was damaged,and the expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 were higher than that of the normal group(t=12.53,-4.73,P＜0.05),the myocardial ultrastructure damage in the PCSK9-/-group was significantly improved,the expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 were lower than that in the obese group(t=-6.23,2.05,P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound strain can more sensitively detect changes in myocardial function in obese mice with PCSK9 gene knockout compared with conventional cardiac ultrasound parameters.Knockout of the PCSK9 gene may improve myocardial function in obese mice by inhibiting the expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical and prognostic value of prothrombin time(PT)and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma(MM).Methods:The clinical data of 116 newly diagnosed MM patients in the Second Hospital and Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from October 2014 to March 2022 were analyzed retrospectively,and the patients were divided into two groups:normal PT and APTT group and prolonged PT or APTT group.The differences in sex,age,classification,staging,bleeding events,laboratory indicators[including hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count(PLT),serum calcium,serum albumin(ALB),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),serum creatinine and β 2-microglobulin],and cytogenetic characteristics between the two groups of patients were compared.The effect of prolonged PT or APTT on survival of patients with MM was analyzed.Results:Compared with patients in normal PT and APTT group,patients in prolonged PT or APTT group were more likely to experience bleeding events(x2=5.087,P=0.024),with lower ALB levels(x2=4.962,P=0.026)and PLT levels(x2=4.309,P=0.038),and higher serum calcium levels(x2=5.056,P=0.025).The positive rates of del17p,del13q and 1q21+in prolonged PT or APTT group were higher than those in normal PT and APTT group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).K-M survival analysis showed that the prolonged PT or APTT group had a shorter median progression-free survival(PFS)(P=0.032)and overall survival(OS)(P=0.032).Multivariate Cox analysis showed that prolonged PT or APTT(HR=2.1 16,95％CI:1.025-4.372,P=0.043)and age ≥65 years(HR=2.403,95％CI:1.195-4.836,P=0.014)were independent risk factor for OS in newly diagnosed MM patients.However,prolonged PT or APTT had no significant effect on PFS of newly diagnosed MM patients(HR=1.162,95％CI:0.666-2.026,P=0.597).Conclusion:Newly diagnosed MM patients with prolonged PT or APTT have worse clinical indicators,shorter PFS and OS.Prolonged PT or APTT is an independent risk factor for OS in MM patients.

Objective:To detect the pharmacokinetic(PK)parameters of coagulation factor Ⅷ(FⅧ)in adult patients with severe hemophilia A,identify the potential factors influencing FⅧ PK,and optimize the use of FⅧ in individual prophylaxis regimens.Methods:PK characteristics of FⅧ were studied in a total of 23 severe hemophilia A adults.The correlation of patients'characteristics including age,von Willebrand factor antigen(vWF:Ag),blood group,weight,body mass index(BMI)and FⅧ genotype,with FⅧ PK were evaluated.Individual prophylaxis regimens were given based on FⅧ PK parameters.Results:The mean terminal half-life(t1/2)of FⅧ was 20.6±9.3 h,ranged from 11.47 h to 30.12 h.The age(r=0.580)and vWF:Ag(r=0.814)were significantly positively correlated with t1/2 of FⅧ.The mean area under the plasma concentration curve(AUC)of FⅧ was 913±399(328-1 878)IU h/dl,and the AUC of FⅧ was positively correlated with age(r=0.557)and vWF:Ag(r=0.784).The mean residence time(MRT)of FⅧ was 24.7±12.4(13.2-62.2)h,and the MRT of FⅧ was positively correlated with age(r=0.664)and vWF:Ag(r=0.868).The mean in vivo recovery(IVR)of FⅧ was 2.59±0.888(1.5-4.29)IU/dl per IU/kg,the mean clearance(CL)of FⅧ was 3±1.58(0.97-7.18)ml/(kg·h),and there was no significant correlation of IVR and CL with age and vWF:Ag.According to the individual PK parameters,ultra low-dose,low-dose and moderate-dose FⅧ were applied to 15,6,2 adults patients with severe hemophilia A for prophylaxis,respectively.Conclusion:There are significant individual differences in the FⅧ half-life of adult patients with severe hemophilia A.The older the patient,the higher the vWF:Ag level,and the longer the FⅧ half-life.Individual administration is required based on the FⅧ PK parameters to optimize prophylaxis treatment.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.