Objective To optimize the extraction, separation and purification process of Actinoside E. Methods Single factor experiment combined with orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal extraction process of Actinoside E using its content as an index. The extracts were separated and purified by optimizing the chromatographic conditions of macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS column. Results 25 times amount of 55% ethanol with heating reflux at 95℃ for one hour were used as the optimal extraction process of Actinoside E. The optimum separation and purification process was as follows: D101 macroporous resin column was eluted with 7 BV of 50% ethanol, silica gel column was eluted with 5 BV of ethyl acetate-ethanol（10∶1）and 50% methanol eluted fraction was purified repeatedly by ODS column to obtain Actinoside E. The transfer rate of Actinoside E in the whole process was 53.70%, the yield was 0.35%, and the purity was 99.9%. Conclusion The process is stable and viable, which can provide material foundation for the development and utilization of Actinoside E.

The Pharmacovigilance Guidelines for Clinical Application of Oral Chinese Patent Medicines （hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines） is first specialized in the field of drug safety for oral Chinese patent medicines （OCPMs） in China. Rooted in China's healthcare context， the Guidelines address the unique usage patterns and risk characteristics of OCPMs， filling a regulatory gap in the pharmacovigilance framework specific to this category. To facilitate accurate understanding and effective implementation of the Guidelines， and to promote the standardized development of pharmacovigilance practices for OCPMs， this study offered a systematic interpretation based on its three core components. In the domain of risk monitoring and reporting， the paper analyzed the rationale for multi-source information integration and clarified the criteria for identifying key products and target populations for intensive monitoring. Regarding risk assessment， the Guidelines were examined from three dimensions of formulation components， medication behaviors， and population to address complex safety issues arising from medicinal constituents， irrational use， and individual susceptibility. In the area of risk control， the analysis focused on context-based interventions and dynamic closed-loop management strategies， exploring practical pathways to shift from passive response to proactive risk mitigation. Furthermore， this paper evaluated the applied value of the Guidelines and identified implementation challenges， such as insufficient capacity at the primary-care level and limited digital infrastructure. In response， the study proposed optimization strategies including establishing a dynamic updating mechanism， strengthening training at the grassroots level， and incorporating artificial intelligence to enhance pharmacovigilance capacity. This interpretation aims to provide actionable insights for marketing authorization holders （including manufacturers）， pharmaceutical distributors， healthcare institutions， and research organizations， ultimately supporting the establishment and refinement of a full lifecycle pharmacovigilance system for OCPMs.

ObjectiveHistorically documented Zhejiang Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（Baizhu） possesses premium characteristics such as phoenix-like head and crane-like neck， pronounced sweetness， and fragrant aroma. However， its current market circulation is low， and the processed products with Zhejiang-style characteristics are at the risk of being lost. This study aims to preserve the ancient Zhejiang-style processing techniques and evaluate them using modern scientific methods. MethodsMultidimensional intelligent sensory evaluation was used to digitally characterize the "quality-structure" of the external appearance of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu medicinal materials（intermediate processed products） and the "odor-taste" of the internal quality of its decoction pieces（slices）， and the appearance parameters were digitally characterized by colorimeter， texture analyzer， electronic nose and electronic tongue， the chemical composition was analyzed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）. Then， cluster analysis on the differences in odor between the medicinal materials（intermediate processed products） and decoction pieces（slices） of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu was conducted， as well as the differences in taste between water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts of the decoction pieces（slices）， and the correlation analysis of chroma value-alcohol-soluble extract content-component response value. ResultsThe nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu had a dark brown to black epidermis， a brownish-yellow to brownish-gray cross-section， a slightly tough texture， a faint odor， and a slightly sweet， bitter and pungent taste. Texture analyzer measurements revealed minimal adhesion and maximum recovery in the middle section of the characteristic processed Baizhu， consistent with the processing endpoint of thorough steaming and cooking. The head section showed the highest internal hardness， elasticity and chewiness， indicating a denser texture in this area. The electronic nose sensor could clearly distinguish the difference between the medicinal materials and its decoction pieces， with a more significant clustering effect at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes compared to ambient temperature headspace for 2 hours， highlighting the significant impact of the baking degree before slicing on the quality. The electronic tongue taste signal map clearly distinguished the differences between water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu decoction pieces， and the addition of auxiliary materials during processing could enhance its alcohol-soluble extract content. A total of 82 chemical components were identified in the characteristic processed Baizhu. After processing， the contents of 58 components increased， while 24 components decreased. Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations（P<0.01） between ethanol-soluble extract content and colorimetric values of brightness（L^*）， yellow-bule value（b^*）， and total color difference（E^*_ab）. E^*_ab showed marked negative correlations（P<0.05） with the response values of isochlorogenic acid A and C. ConclusionThis study establishes a modern intelligent sensory evaluation model for multidimensional holographic characterization of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu， clarifying the correlation between increased isochlorogenic acid content and the visual color appearance after different steaming cycles， as well as its intrinsic alcohol-soluble extracts. This provides a reference for quality evaluation and processing standards of the Zhejiang-style characteristic processed products.

Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Asarum forbesii is a perennial herb born in a shaded and humid environment, which is warm in nature. With the efficacy of warming lung, resolving fluid retention, and relieving coughs, it can be used to treat the syndrome of cold fluid accumulating in lung. To investigate the effects of different shading conditions on the composition and efficacy of A. forbesii, this study planted A. forbesii under 20% natural light(NL20), 40% natural light(NL40), 60% natural light(NL60), and 80% natural light(NL80) and utilized ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) and micro broth 2-fold dilution method to detect the volatile chemical compounds and the minimum inhibitory concentration. At the same time, the study investigated the effects of A. forbesii grown under different shading conditions on the signs, pathological changes of lung tissues, serum cytokine levels, activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ-Ⅴ in lung tissues, and relative expression of related genes of mice with syndrome of cold fluid accumulating in lung. The results indicated that with the increase of shading, the content of kakuol, methyl eugenol, and asarinin in A. forbesii and the antibacterial effect showed a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing, and the NL40 group was significantly better than the other groups. Under the conditions of NL20 and NL40, A. forbesii significantly alleviated the pathological damage to lung tissues, restored the homeostasis of the lung, and enhanced the energy metabolism level of mice with syndrome of cold fluid accumulating in lung. In addition, A. forbesii planted under the two conditions reduced the content of interleukin-8(IL-8), interleukin-13(IL-13), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and mucin 5AC(MUC5AC), increased the levels of interleukin-10(IL-10) and aquaporin 1(AQP1), lowered the expression of MMP9, VEGF, TGF-β, and MAPK3. In conclusion, the therapeutic effect of A. forbesii on the syndrome of cold fluid accumulating in lung was positively correlated with the degree of shading, and the chemical composition and efficacy of warming lung and resolving fluid retention were optimal under the conditions of NL20-NL40. This study can provide reference for the pharmacological research and cultivation of A. forbesii.
Animals ; Mice ; Lung/pathology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Light ; Cytokines/genetics* ; Humans

Objective To discuss the effect of probucol combined with tirofiban treatment on serum lipid peroxide levels and vascular endothelial function in patients with angina pectoris after interventional surgery of coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 120 patients with angina pectoris occurring after interventional surgery from January 2018 to December 2022 at the People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China were enrolled in this study.Using random digital table method,the patients were divided into observation group(n=60)and control group(n=60).The patients of the control group received tirofiban,while the patients of the observation group received tirofiban plus probucol.All the preoperative and postoperative 7-day relevant indicators were recorded.The main observation indicator was the overall effective rate,and the secondary observation indicators included the frequency and duration of angina attacks,Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ)score,cardiac function,myocardial injury markers,serum lipid peroxide levels,endothelial function and adverse reactions.Results The total effective rate in the observation group was 91.67％(55/60),which was higher than 78.33％(47/60)in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,the improvement degree of angina pectoris,SAQ score,LVEF,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),nitric oxide(NO)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,while the LVESD,LVEDD,serum creatine kinase isozyme(CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase(CK),malondialdehyde(MDA),endothelin-1(ET-1)in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,the differences in the above indexes were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion For patients with angina pectoris occurring after interventional surgery of CHD,probucol combined with tirofiban has exact efficacy,which can promote the recovery of cardiac function,reduce myocardial injury,regulate serum lipid peroxide levels,and improve vascular endothelial function.

Metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment is closely associated with tumor initiation and progression.Endogenous metabolites can not only regulate tumor formation and metastasis,but also impair antitumor immune efficacy by influencing immune cells.However,current research focuses on the effects of single metabolites on tumors rather than take into account the systemic nature of metabolic networks,the diversity of metabolic products,and their dynamic regulatory roles in the tumor immune microenvironment.An in-depth analysis of the key nodes in metabolic pathways related to endogenous metabolites and their regulatory mechanisms in tumor progression is crucial to the development of antitumor therapies based on metabolic intervention.This paper provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms by which endogenous metabolites,such as amino acids,lipids and nucleotides,contribute to tumor progression and regulate the immune microenvironment.By offering new theoretical insights into the complex network of the metabolism-immune axis in tumor development,this review aims to provide data for the development of metabolism-targeted antitumor immuno-therapy strategies.

OBJECTIVE: To identify prognostic genes associated with lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD) in patients with gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas - Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify the key module genes associated with LDCD score. Candidate genes were identified by DEGs and key module genes. Univariate Cox regression analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed for the selection of prognostic genes, and risk module was established. Subsequently, key cells were identified in the single-cell dataset (GSE183904), and prognostic gene expression was analyzed. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the wound healing assay. RESULTS: A total of 4,465 DEGs, 95 candidate genes, and 4 prognostic genes, including C19orf59, BATF2, TNFAIP2, and TNFSF18, were identified in the analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated the excellent predictive power of the risk model. Three key cell types (B cells, chief cells, and endothelial/pericyte cells) were identified in the GSE183904 dataset. C19orf59 and TNFAIP2 exhibited predominant expression in macrophage species, whereas TNFAIP2 evolved over time in endothelial/pericyte cells and chief cells. Functional experiments confirmed that interfering with C19orf59 inhibited proliferation and migration in GC cells. CONCLUSION C19orf59, BATF2, TNFAIP2, and TNFSF18 are prognostic genes associated with LDCD in GC. Furthermore, the risk model established in this study showed robust predictive power.
Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Lysosomes/physiology* ; RNA-Seq ; Cell Death ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Cell Proliferation ; Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis

Objective To observe value of real-time functional MRI neurofeedback(rtfMRI-NF)for modulating brain activity changes in obese adults.Methods Twenty-two obese adults were prospectively recruited,3-week rtfMRI-NF training intervention was conducted.Barratt impulsivityness scale version 11(BIS-11),three-factor eating questionnaire(TFEQ)and food rating scales were scored before and after intervention,and whole-brain resting state fMRI(rs-fMRI)data were obtained.Clinical scale scores,rs-fMRI regional homogeneity(ReHo)values and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(ALFF)values were compared before and after intervention.Then brain regions with differences of ReHo and ALFF values before and after intervention were explored,and correlations of values of rs-fMRI data differences and clinical scale score differences were analyzed.Results BIS-11 score,TFEQ emotional eating(TFEQ-EE)score and food rating scales scores decreased,while TFEQ cognitive restraint(TFEQ-CR)scores increased in obese adults after intervention(all P＜0.05).ReHo values in right inferior frontal gyrus,right anterior cingulate and left precuneus increased,while of left middle temporal gyrus decreased(all corrected P＜0.05).ALFF values of left precuneus increased,whereas of left middle occipital gyrus,right superior occipital gyrus,left calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex and left supramarginal and angular gyrus decreased(all corrected P＜0.05).ReHo difference in right anterior cingulate was negatively correlated with BIS-11 scores difference(r=-0.601,P＜0.05),and ALFF difference in left precuneus was negatively correlated with TFEQ-EE difference(r=-0.478,P＜0.05).Conclusion rtfMRI-NF intervention could correct disorder of cerebral functional areas in obese adults and change high-calorie food preference and poor dietary habits.

Objective:To study the value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the treatment of hepatolithiasis.Methods:Clinical data of 59 patients with hepatolithiasis undergoing ERCP combined with peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) between January 2021 and December 2022 at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, including 18 males and 41 females, aged 68(57, 76) years. The demographic and perioperative data of patients were systematically documented, including gender, age, operative time, length of hospitalization (LOH), stone clearance rate, and procedure-related complications. Comparative analysis of white blood cell (WBC) count and serum albumin (ALB) were performed between baseline (pre-lithotripsy) and one day postoperatively.Results:All 59 patients underwent combined ERCP-POCS procedure successfully without perioperative mortality. The LOH was 5 (4, 6) d, with an operative time of (82.7±27.7) min. The number of ERCP sessions required was 2 (2, 3), accompanied by stone fragmentation procedure 1 (1, 2). POCS were able to be inserted in all 59 patients to observe the trunk of second- and third-order intrahepatic bile ducts, with a technical success rate of 100%(59/59). Complete stone clearance was observed in 88.1% (52/59) of patients. Comparative analysis of pre- and post-operative biochemical profiles revealed significant alterations: ALB decreased from (39.78±4.22) g/L to (35.76±3.66) g/L ( P<0.05), WBC count increased from 5.63(3.96, 8.65)×10 9/L to 8.55(5.83, 11.46)×10 9/L ( P<0.05). The incidence of procedure-related complications was 11.9% (7/59). The follow-up period for the patients was 10 (7, 16) months. Stones recurred in four of the 52 patients with complete stone removal. The seven patients without complete stone removal did not experience any significant discomfort during follow-ups, and residual stones were not treated again. Conclusion:ERCP combined with POCS is safe and effective for the treatment of hepatolithiasis.