The Pharmacovigilance Guidelines for Clinical Application of Oral Chinese Patent Medicines （hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines） is first specialized in the field of drug safety for oral Chinese patent medicines （OCPMs） in China. Rooted in China's healthcare context， the Guidelines address the unique usage patterns and risk characteristics of OCPMs， filling a regulatory gap in the pharmacovigilance framework specific to this category. To facilitate accurate understanding and effective implementation of the Guidelines， and to promote the standardized development of pharmacovigilance practices for OCPMs， this study offered a systematic interpretation based on its three core components. In the domain of risk monitoring and reporting， the paper analyzed the rationale for multi-source information integration and clarified the criteria for identifying key products and target populations for intensive monitoring. Regarding risk assessment， the Guidelines were examined from three dimensions of formulation components， medication behaviors， and population to address complex safety issues arising from medicinal constituents， irrational use， and individual susceptibility. In the area of risk control， the analysis focused on context-based interventions and dynamic closed-loop management strategies， exploring practical pathways to shift from passive response to proactive risk mitigation. Furthermore， this paper evaluated the applied value of the Guidelines and identified implementation challenges， such as insufficient capacity at the primary-care level and limited digital infrastructure. In response， the study proposed optimization strategies including establishing a dynamic updating mechanism， strengthening training at the grassroots level， and incorporating artificial intelligence to enhance pharmacovigilance capacity. This interpretation aims to provide actionable insights for marketing authorization holders （including manufacturers）， pharmaceutical distributors， healthcare institutions， and research organizations， ultimately supporting the establishment and refinement of a full lifecycle pharmacovigilance system for OCPMs.

ObjectiveHistorically documented Zhejiang Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（Baizhu） possesses premium characteristics such as phoenix-like head and crane-like neck， pronounced sweetness， and fragrant aroma. However， its current market circulation is low， and the processed products with Zhejiang-style characteristics are at the risk of being lost. This study aims to preserve the ancient Zhejiang-style processing techniques and evaluate them using modern scientific methods. MethodsMultidimensional intelligent sensory evaluation was used to digitally characterize the "quality-structure" of the external appearance of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu medicinal materials（intermediate processed products） and the "odor-taste" of the internal quality of its decoction pieces（slices）， and the appearance parameters were digitally characterized by colorimeter， texture analyzer， electronic nose and electronic tongue， the chemical composition was analyzed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）. Then， cluster analysis on the differences in odor between the medicinal materials（intermediate processed products） and decoction pieces（slices） of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu was conducted， as well as the differences in taste between water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts of the decoction pieces（slices）， and the correlation analysis of chroma value-alcohol-soluble extract content-component response value. ResultsThe nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu had a dark brown to black epidermis， a brownish-yellow to brownish-gray cross-section， a slightly tough texture， a faint odor， and a slightly sweet， bitter and pungent taste. Texture analyzer measurements revealed minimal adhesion and maximum recovery in the middle section of the characteristic processed Baizhu， consistent with the processing endpoint of thorough steaming and cooking. The head section showed the highest internal hardness， elasticity and chewiness， indicating a denser texture in this area. The electronic nose sensor could clearly distinguish the difference between the medicinal materials and its decoction pieces， with a more significant clustering effect at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes compared to ambient temperature headspace for 2 hours， highlighting the significant impact of the baking degree before slicing on the quality. The electronic tongue taste signal map clearly distinguished the differences between water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu decoction pieces， and the addition of auxiliary materials during processing could enhance its alcohol-soluble extract content. A total of 82 chemical components were identified in the characteristic processed Baizhu. After processing， the contents of 58 components increased， while 24 components decreased. Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations（P<0.01） between ethanol-soluble extract content and colorimetric values of brightness（L^*）， yellow-bule value（b^*）， and total color difference（E^*_ab）. E^*_ab showed marked negative correlations（P<0.05） with the response values of isochlorogenic acid A and C. ConclusionThis study establishes a modern intelligent sensory evaluation model for multidimensional holographic characterization of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu， clarifying the correlation between increased isochlorogenic acid content and the visual color appearance after different steaming cycles， as well as its intrinsic alcohol-soluble extracts. This provides a reference for quality evaluation and processing standards of the Zhejiang-style characteristic processed products.

Objective To optimize the extraction, separation and purification process of Actinoside E. Methods Single factor experiment combined with orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal extraction process of Actinoside E using its content as an index. The extracts were separated and purified by optimizing the chromatographic conditions of macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS column. Results 25 times amount of 55% ethanol with heating reflux at 95℃ for one hour were used as the optimal extraction process of Actinoside E. The optimum separation and purification process was as follows: D101 macroporous resin column was eluted with 7 BV of 50% ethanol, silica gel column was eluted with 5 BV of ethyl acetate-ethanol（10∶1）and 50% methanol eluted fraction was purified repeatedly by ODS column to obtain Actinoside E. The transfer rate of Actinoside E in the whole process was 53.70%, the yield was 0.35%, and the purity was 99.9%. Conclusion The process is stable and viable, which can provide material foundation for the development and utilization of Actinoside E.

Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Objective To explore the potential categories of psychosocial adaptation in psoriasis patients and their differences in social alienation.Methods Using a cross-sectional survey design,convenience sam-pling was used to select 376 psoriasis patients from multiple hospitals in Shandong Province from September to December 2022.Participants completed the general information questionnaire,Psychosocial Adaptation to Illness Scale(PAIS-SR),Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ(AAQ-2),and General Alienation Scale(GAS).Latent profile analysis was performed using Mplus8.0 software to identify psychosocial adaptation patterns of psoriasis patients,and SPSS25.0 was used to compare social alienation differences among different adaptation groups.Results Psoriasis patients could be divided into two latent profiles:moderate psychosocial adaptation group(31.38％)and low psychosocial adaptation group(68.62％).Medical payment method,dis-ease recurrence,psoriasis subtype,disease duration,family history,skin lesion exposure,and AAQ-2 scores were identified as main influencing factors(P＜0.05).Significant differences in total GAS scores were found between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion The psychosocial adaptation of psoriasis patients shows het-erogeneity and could be classified into two latent profiles.Targeted interventions should be implemented to improve psychosocial adaptation levels.

The traditional detection methods for monitoring the biomass,protein,chlorophyll content and other key indicators in the growth of chlorella have some problems,including complicated operation,slow detection speed and difficult large-scale application.In this study,a fast and efficient monitoring method for the key indicators in the growth of chlorella was established using near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics.Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to collect near-infrared spectra of chlorella algal fluid at different growth stages,and standard methods were used to detect the biomass,protein and chlorophyll contents of corresponding samples.A quantitative analysis model was established based on partial least squares regression(PLSR).To improve the prediction ability of the model,multiplicative scatter correction(MSC)was used to reduce the interference of scattering on the raw spectrum(RS),standard normal variate(SNV)was used to normalize the original spectral data to eliminate differences between samples,continuous wavelet transform(CWT)was used to obtain the key features of spectral data,the first derivative(1st)was used to enhance the differentiation of the original spectral features,and monte carlo-uninformative variable elimination(MC-UVE)and randomization test(RT)were used to screen the valid variables in the wavelength.By evaluating the prediction ability of different models,the quantitative analysis models of chlorella biomass,protein and chlorophyll content were finally determined.The results showed that the model based on 1st combined with RT spectra had better predictive ability for chlorella nutrient content detection,and the root mean square errors of prediction(RMSEP)and coefficients of determination(R2)were 0.041 and 0.933 for biomass,0.012 and 0.973 for protein,and 0.517 and 0.962 for chlorophyll,respectively.This model showed practical application value,and could realize the rapid and accurate detection of chlorella biomass,protein and chlorophyll content at the same time.

The major components of Olaflur raw material were characterized using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS).The results revealed that cetyl amine fluoride(C16-AmF),octadecene amine fluoride(C18:1-AmF),and octadecyl amine fluoride(Olaflur)were the main components.The contents of C16-AmF,C18:1-AmF,and Olaflur in oral care products were determined via ultra performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detector coupled with solid-phase extraction(SPE-UPLC-CAD).The oral care sample was dispersed evenly with a 50%ethanol aqueous solution,and then vortexed with ethanol.The supernatant was collected by centrifugation,concentrated to near dryness,and redissolved with ultrapure water.The re-dissolved sample was loaded onto a Poly-Sery HLB Pro SPE column for purification and elution.The acetonitrile eluate was collected and concentrated to 1.0 mL.Finally,a prepared test solution was separated on a Thermo Acclaim Surfactant Plus chromatographic column(2.1 mm×150 mm,3 μm).Acetonitrile and 100 mmol/L acetic acid-ammonium acetate aqueous solution(pH=4.8)were used as the mobile phases for gradient elution.The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min and cloumn temperature was maintained at 40℃.The sample was detected using a charged aerosol detector,and quantified using an external standard method.The experimental results indicated that the three organic fluorinated amines showed good linear relationship in their respective concentration ranges.The correlation coefficients(r)were greater than 0.99.The limit of detection(LOD)and the limit of quantification(LOQ)of C16-AmF were 2.0 and 8.0 μg/mL,respectively.The LOD and LOQ of C18:1-AmF were 2.0 and 8.0 μg/mL,respectively.The LOD and LOQ of Olaflur were 3.0 μg/mL and 10.0 μg/mL,respectively.The spiked recoveries of the three organic fluorinated amines were 84.3%-104.2%,with relative standard deviations(RSDs)of 4.93%-5.82%.The 28 batches of commercial oral care samples were detected by this method and the results indicated that three organic fluorinated amines were detected in 18 samples and the total content were 22.2-11477.8 μg/g.This method had high sensitivity and good reproducibility.It was suitable for verifying the authenticity of the claims of oral care products promoted with Olaflur as the main efficacy ingredient and selling point,and provided a valuable reference for establishing and improving the standard analytical method for Olaflur.

Objective To discuss the effect of probucol combined with tirofiban treatment on serum lipid peroxide levels and vascular endothelial function in patients with angina pectoris after interventional surgery of coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 120 patients with angina pectoris occurring after interventional surgery from January 2018 to December 2022 at the People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China were enrolled in this study.Using random digital table method,the patients were divided into observation group(n=60)and control group(n=60).The patients of the control group received tirofiban,while the patients of the observation group received tirofiban plus probucol.All the preoperative and postoperative 7-day relevant indicators were recorded.The main observation indicator was the overall effective rate,and the secondary observation indicators included the frequency and duration of angina attacks,Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ)score,cardiac function,myocardial injury markers,serum lipid peroxide levels,endothelial function and adverse reactions.Results The total effective rate in the observation group was 91.67％(55/60),which was higher than 78.33％(47/60)in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,the improvement degree of angina pectoris,SAQ score,LVEF,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),nitric oxide(NO)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,while the LVESD,LVEDD,serum creatine kinase isozyme(CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase(CK),malondialdehyde(MDA),endothelin-1(ET-1)in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,the differences in the above indexes were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion For patients with angina pectoris occurring after interventional surgery of CHD,probucol combined with tirofiban has exact efficacy,which can promote the recovery of cardiac function,reduce myocardial injury,regulate serum lipid peroxide levels,and improve vascular endothelial function.

Metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment is closely associated with tumor initiation and progression.Endogenous metabolites can not only regulate tumor formation and metastasis,but also impair antitumor immune efficacy by influencing immune cells.However,current research focuses on the effects of single metabolites on tumors rather than take into account the systemic nature of metabolic networks,the diversity of metabolic products,and their dynamic regulatory roles in the tumor immune microenvironment.An in-depth analysis of the key nodes in metabolic pathways related to endogenous metabolites and their regulatory mechanisms in tumor progression is crucial to the development of antitumor therapies based on metabolic intervention.This paper provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms by which endogenous metabolites,such as amino acids,lipids and nucleotides,contribute to tumor progression and regulate the immune microenvironment.By offering new theoretical insights into the complex network of the metabolism-immune axis in tumor development,this review aims to provide data for the development of metabolism-targeted antitumor immuno-therapy strategies.

Objective To observe value of real-time functional MRI neurofeedback(rtfMRI-NF)for modulating brain activity changes in obese adults.Methods Twenty-two obese adults were prospectively recruited,3-week rtfMRI-NF training intervention was conducted.Barratt impulsivityness scale version 11(BIS-11),three-factor eating questionnaire(TFEQ)and food rating scales were scored before and after intervention,and whole-brain resting state fMRI(rs-fMRI)data were obtained.Clinical scale scores,rs-fMRI regional homogeneity(ReHo)values and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(ALFF)values were compared before and after intervention.Then brain regions with differences of ReHo and ALFF values before and after intervention were explored,and correlations of values of rs-fMRI data differences and clinical scale score differences were analyzed.Results BIS-11 score,TFEQ emotional eating(TFEQ-EE)score and food rating scales scores decreased,while TFEQ cognitive restraint(TFEQ-CR)scores increased in obese adults after intervention(all P＜0.05).ReHo values in right inferior frontal gyrus,right anterior cingulate and left precuneus increased,while of left middle temporal gyrus decreased(all corrected P＜0.05).ALFF values of left precuneus increased,whereas of left middle occipital gyrus,right superior occipital gyrus,left calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex and left supramarginal and angular gyrus decreased(all corrected P＜0.05).ReHo difference in right anterior cingulate was negatively correlated with BIS-11 scores difference(r=-0.601,P＜0.05),and ALFF difference in left precuneus was negatively correlated with TFEQ-EE difference(r=-0.478,P＜0.05).Conclusion rtfMRI-NF intervention could correct disorder of cerebral functional areas in obese adults and change high-calorie food preference and poor dietary habits.