Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Lung cancer constitutes the most prevalent and lethal malignant tumor in China. Approximately 85% of lung cancer diagnoses correspond to the non-small cell histological subtype [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)]. Despite surgery being the mainstay for early-stage disease, postoperative recurrence remains high and adjuvant chemotherapy offers limited benefit. In recent years, targeted therapy has demonstrated substantial advantages in driver mutation-positive NSCLC. To this end, the Lung Cancer Medical Education Committee of the Chinese Medical Education Association developed guidelines based on a systematic review of evidence through November 2025, using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach and a modified Delphi method. Focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and addressing ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E mutation, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) exon 14 (METex14) skipping, the guideline covers molecular testing, neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy, perioperative strategies, minimal residual disease monitoring, and postoperative surveillance. It defines testing requirements, specifies stage-directed and subtype-specific treatments, and standardizes minimal residual disease monitoring. These recommendations emphasize precision and feasibility to improve survival and quality of life.

ObjectiveTo establish three standardized rehabilitation unit models covering acute, critical and comprehensive recovery stages for traumatic brain injury (TBI) that fit the whole-course characteristics, clarify their multidisciplinary collaborative framework, standardized procedures, and information management system, and verify the clinical effectiveness of this staged rehabilitation unit on long-term functional prognosis and in-hospital complications of TBI patients. MethodsThis study was conducted at two stages: model construction and efficacy verification. At the first stage, TBI rehabilitation units for acute, critical and recovery stages were established in the Department of Neurosurgery, Intensive Care Unit and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, respectively, with unified multidisciplinary team configuration, standardized assessment and treatment protocols, collaborative workflows, and a dedicated information management system. At the second stage, 324 TBI patients admitted to the newly built rehabilitation units from July, 2023 to July, 2025 were enrolled as the observation group, and 167 TBI patients receiving traditional management from January, 2018 to December, 2022 were retrospectively selected as the control group. The primary outcomes were 1-year post-injury Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and Disability Rating Scale (DRS) scores. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of in-hospital complications and the mean indwelling time of tracheal intubation, gastric tube and urinary catheter. ResultsThe 1-year GOS score was significantly higher (t = -7.836, P < 0.001), and the DRS score was significantly lower (t = -6.742, P < 0.001) in the observation group than in the control group. The overall incidence of complications was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (χ² = 18.762, P < 0.001). The incidences of pulmonary infection, urinary tract infection, pressure ulcer, lower extremity venous thrombosis and joint contracture deformity were all significantly reduced (χ² > 4.328, P < 0.05). The indwelling time of tracheal intubation, gastric tube and urinary catheter was significantly shorter in the observation group than in the control group (t > 10.276, P < 0.001). ConclusionThe acute-critical-comprehensive three-stage standardized TBI rehabilitation unit could significantly improve the long-term functional outcomes of TBI patients, reduce the incidence of complications, and shorten the indwelling time of invasive tubes through multidisciplinary collaboration, whole-course standardized management and information-based quality control. This model conforms to the pathological and functional laws of TBI, realizes seamless whole-course connection from acute treatment to recovery rehabilitation, and has good clinical feasibility and promotion value. It can provide evidence-based evidence and practical reference for the homogenized and standardized development of TBI rehabilitation in China.

Intraoperative cell salvage (IOCS) has been widely applied as an important blood conservation measure in surgical operations. However, there is currently a lack of clinical practice guidelines for the implementation of IOCS in patients with malignant tumors. This report aims to provide clinicians with recommendations on the use of IOCS in patients with malignant tumors based on the review and assessment of the existed evidence. Data were derived from databases such as PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Wanfang. The guideline development team formulated recommendations based on the quality of evidence, balance of benefits and harms, patient preferences, and health economic assessments. This study constructed seven major clinical questions. The main conclusions of this guideline are as follows: 1) Compared with no perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion (NPABT), perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion (PABT) leads to a more unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients (Recommended); 2) Compared with the transfusion of allogeneic blood or no transfusion, IOCS does not lead to a more unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients (Recommended); 3) The implementation of IOCS in cancer patients is economically feasible (Recommended); 4) Leukocyte depletion filters (LDF) should be used when implementing IOCS in cancer patients (Strongly Recommended); 5) Irradiation treatment of autologous blood to be reinfused can be used when implementing IOCS in cancer patients (Recommended); 6) A careful assessment of the condition of cancer patients (meeting indications and excluding contraindications) should be conducted before implementing IOCS (Strongly Recommended); 7) Informed consent from cancer patients should be obtained when implementing IOCS, with a thorough pre-assessment of the patient's condition and the likelihood of blood loss, adherence to standardized internally audited management procedures, meeting corresponding conditions, and obtaining corresponding qualifications (Recommended). In brief, current evidence indicates that IOCS can be implemented for some malignant tumor patients who need allogeneic blood transfusion after physician full evaluation, and LDF or irradiation should be used during the implementation process.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)is the process where intracellular biomolecules rapidly form reversible high concentrations of liquid-phase condensates,resulting in the compartmentalization and the formation of intracellular membraneless organelles.LLPS is involved in various biological processes and pathologic processes,such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers.Long noncoding RNAs(lncR-NAs)have been revealed to be closely related to phase separation.It has become a research hotspot in life science recently,because it provides new insight into the mechanism of lncRNAs.In this review,we focuses on the effect of lncRNA SLERT on the phase separation of nucleolar fibrillar center/dense fibrillar component(FC/DFC)by interacting with DDX21 protein as a molecular chaperone;LINC00657(NO-RAD)forms NP bodies with PUM proteins,which drives PUM protein liquid droplets and inhibits its ac-tivity,and promotes genomic stability;DilncRNA regulates DNA damage response small RNAs(DDR-NAs)and LLPS of p53 binding protein 1(53BP1)in response to DNA damage,and lncRNA LINP1 phase separation droplets bind to Ku protein to promote DNA damage repair;LncRNA SNHG9,MELTF-AS1 and MALR drive LATS1,YBX1 and ILF3 protein LLPS respectively to promote cancer,while GIR-GL and lncFASA act as tumor suppressor genes in cancer development through regulating the phase sepa-ration of CAPRIN1 and PRDX1 respectively;LncRNA XIST drives X chromosome inactivation by LLPS.In a word,we summarize the latest research progress about the functional roles of lncRNAs in FC/DFC nucleolus,genomic stability and DNA damage and repair,cancer and X-chromosome inactivation through regulating LLPS.This paper shows that lncRNAs can participate in multiple pathophysiological processes by regulating LLPS,which is expected to provide a new direction for the treatment of LLPS-mediated diseases.

This study was aimed at determining the genetic characteristics of Yersinia pestis in Subei County through differ-ential region(DFR),clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR),and variable number tandem repeat(VNTR)analyses,to guide the tracing of plague outbreaks.The DNA of 89 Yersinia pestis strains isolated from various ani-mal in foci of Subei County from 1973 to 2017 was extracted.Primers for genotyping by DFR,CRISPR,and MLVA were used in PCR,and agarose electrophoresis was used to determine whether the amplified products were present.Genotypes were deter-mined through comparison against the DFR database of Yersinia pestis in China.The PCR products were sequenced and com-pared against the online CRISPR database for Yersinia pestis to determine the genotype.The number of VNTR repeats in each strain was calculated through capillary electrophoresis,and the minimum spanning tree was constructed with BioNumerics 7.6 according to the numbers of VNTR repeats from 89 Yersinia pestis strains in Subei County and 11 strains from a Marmota hi-malayana focus in Qinghai Province.The Yersinia pestis strains in Subei County were divided into six main genotypes by DFR:8,7,lb,5,32,and 44.The Yersinia pestis strains were divided into three gene clusters and three genotypes by CRISPR.Ca35'was the main gene cluster in Subei County;the genotype was 26';and the distribution was primarily in Dangchengwan Town,Yuerhong Township,and Shibaocheng Township.Ca7 and CaΔ5'comprised secondary gene clusters,with genotypes 22 and 24,and were distributed in Dangchengwan Town,Yuerhong Township,and Shibaocheng Township.The Yersinia pes-tis strains in Subei County were divided primarily into three clusters:the Dangchengwan Machang cluster,Yuerhong Township cluster and Dangchengwan Town cluster.Therefore,the Yersinia pestis strains in Subei County,divided into major and minor genotypes according to DFR,CRISPR and MLVA,showed different regional distribution characteristics,highly diverse geno-types,and complex population characteristics.These aspects are particularly important in tracing the sources of plague out-breaks.

Liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)is the process where intracellular biomolecules rapidly form reversible high concentrations of liquid-phase condensates,resulting in the compartmentalization and the formation of intracellular membraneless organelles.LLPS is involved in various biological processes and pathologic processes,such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers.Long noncoding RNAs(lncR-NAs)have been revealed to be closely related to phase separation.It has become a research hotspot in life science recently,because it provides new insight into the mechanism of lncRNAs.In this review,we focuses on the effect of lncRNA SLERT on the phase separation of nucleolar fibrillar center/dense fibrillar component(FC/DFC)by interacting with DDX21 protein as a molecular chaperone;LINC00657(NO-RAD)forms NP bodies with PUM proteins,which drives PUM protein liquid droplets and inhibits its ac-tivity,and promotes genomic stability;DilncRNA regulates DNA damage response small RNAs(DDR-NAs)and LLPS of p53 binding protein 1(53BP1)in response to DNA damage,and lncRNA LINP1 phase separation droplets bind to Ku protein to promote DNA damage repair;LncRNA SNHG9,MELTF-AS1 and MALR drive LATS1,YBX1 and ILF3 protein LLPS respectively to promote cancer,while GIR-GL and lncFASA act as tumor suppressor genes in cancer development through regulating the phase sepa-ration of CAPRIN1 and PRDX1 respectively;LncRNA XIST drives X chromosome inactivation by LLPS.In a word,we summarize the latest research progress about the functional roles of lncRNAs in FC/DFC nucleolus,genomic stability and DNA damage and repair,cancer and X-chromosome inactivation through regulating LLPS.This paper shows that lncRNAs can participate in multiple pathophysiological processes by regulating LLPS,which is expected to provide a new direction for the treatment of LLPS-mediated diseases.

Objective To study the effects of Hedysarum polysaccharides polysaccharide(HPS)on the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-fibroblast growth factor-19(FGF19)signaling pathway of diabetes rats.Methods Twelve Wistar male rats were randomly selected as the normal group,and the other rats were fed with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(50 mg·kg-1 STZ)and a high sugar and high-fat diet to replicate the diabetes rat model.Model rats were randomly divided into model group,positive control group(given 400 mg·kg-1·d-1 suspension of Bifidobacterium quadruplex live bacterial tablets by gavage),experimental-H,-M,-L groups(given 200,100,and 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 doses of HPS suspension by gavage);normal group,and model group were given equal volume of purified water by gavage once a day for 8 consecutive weeks.Glucose(Glu)was detected by a blood glucose meter;and serum total glyceride(TG)and total cholesterol(TC)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagent kit;the expressions of FXR、fibroblast growth factor receptors 4(FGFR4)relative mRNA expression level and protein were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method and Western blot.Results The Glu concentrations in the normal group,model group,positive control group,and experimental-H groups were(7.66±0.61),(29.25±1.64),(23.31±3.02)and(19.31±5.13)mmol·L-1,respectively;the TG content were(957.00±113.73),(1 345.00±246.44),(958.00±96.53)and(964.00±130.22)μmol·L-1,respectively;the TC content were(161.65±4.53),(302.19±5.35),(236.09±5.14)and(165.58±2.58)μmol·L-1,respectively;the expression of FXR relative mRNA expression level were 1.00±0.06,0.48±0.02,0.67±0.04 and 0.92±0.04,respectively;the expression of FGFR4 relative mRNA expression level were 1.00±0.04,0.17±0.01,0.48±0.04 and 0.41±0.03;respectively.The above indexes of the model group were compared with the control group,and the above indexes of the control group and the experimental-H group were compared with the model group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.01).Conclusion HPS improves blood sugar,lowers blood lipids,and protects liver and intestinal tissues,possibly by regulating the FXR-FGF19 signaling pathway in intestinal tissue,and regulating bile acid synthesis.

In 2024, a total of 27 309 cases of medication error (ME) from 484 hospitals in 27 provincial administrative regions were collected in the National Monitoring Network for Clinical Safe Medication. Among them, 279 (1.02%) were classified as grade A, 22 081 (80.86%) as grade B, 4 268 (15.63%) as grade C, 472 (1.73%) as grade D, 96 (0.35%) as grade E, 105 (0.38%) as grade F, 6 (0.02%) as grade H, and 2 (<0.01%) as grade I; no MEs of grade G occurred. Among the 27 030 patients involved in MEs of grade B to I, 15 124 (55.95%) were male and 11 906 (44.05%) were female; their ages were from 1 day to 104 years; 3 369 (12.46%) were children (<18 years old), 12 113 (44.81%) were young and middle-aged adults (≥18 to <60 years old), and 11 548 (42.72%) were elderly (≥60 years old). The top 3 contents of ME were wrong drug class (5 347 cases, 19.13%), wrong dosage (4 913 cases, 17.58%), and wrong administration frequency (3 429 cases, 12.27%). Among the 27 030 grade B-I MEs, the main person who triggered the event were physicians (18 703 cases, 69.19%) and pharmacists (6 343 cases, 23.47%). These MEs mainly occurred in clinics (11 009 cases, 40.73%), in hospital wards (7 393 cases, 27.35%), and in pharmacies (6 219 cases, 23.27%). The main persons who discovered the MEs were pharmacists (21 021 cases, 74.14%). The top 3 factors causing ME were lack of related pharmacologic knowledge (8 716 cases, 26.49%), tiredness (5 755 cases, 17.49%), and inexperienced skills (4 505 cases, 13.69%). A total of 209 patients were involved in severe MEs (grade E-I), including 133 (63.64%) males and 76 (36.36%) females, aged from 21 months to 94 years, of which 42 (20.10%) were children, 75 (35.88%) were young and middle-aged adults, and 92 (44.02%) were elderly. The top 3 diseases diagnosed in severe MEs were drug poisoning (41 cases, 19.62%), diabetes (34 cases, 16.27%), and hypertension (14 cases, 6.70%); the main person who triggered the MEs were patients and their families (135 cases, 64.59%); the MEs occurred mainly in patients′ houses (116 cases, 55.50%). Drug poisoning was mainly related to accidental ingestion by children, and MEs in patients with diabetes and hypertension were often related to issues on patient compliance. Based on the data of MEs in 2024, it was proposed to establish a better medication safety culture and improve the ME reporting situation in China, pay attention to the risks of misusing external drugs for internal use, children′s accidental ingestion and insulin-related MEs, strengthen the prevention of MEs related to look-alike sound-alike drugs, pay attention to the post administration management and the compliance education of home care for patients with chronic diseases, so as to improve the medication safety of patients in China.