1.Analysis of undernutrition and associated factors among left behind and nonleftbehind primary and secondary school students in the Nutrition Improvement Program areas in central and western China
Chinese Journal of School Health 2026;47(3):327-331
Objective:
To investigate the prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among left behind and non left behind primary and secondary school students in the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES) areas of central and western China, so as to provide evidence for improving the nutritional status of children and adolescents.
Methods:
A survey was conducted among 123 782 students selected by random cluster sampling method in grades 3-9 from NIPRCES in central (Hebei, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, and Hainan) and western (Gansu, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Xinjiang, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Yunnan, Qinghai, and Chongqing) China in 2023. Anthropometric measurements and questionnaires were used to assess nutritional and dietary status. The prevalence of undernutrition was compared between left behind and non left behind students by Chi square test, and associated factors were analyzed by three level Logistic mixed effects model.
Results:
The prevalence of undernutrition was 8.5% (4 326) in left behind students and 8.1% (5 905) in non left behind students. Three level Logistic mixed effect model analysis showed that whether left behind or non left behind, the undernutrition rates of primary and secondary students in western regions were higher than those of students in central regions [ OR (95% CI )=1.72(1.57-1.87),2.25(2.07- 2.43 )]; the undernutrition risk was lower for those whose fathers had a cultural level of high school or above [ OR (95% CI )=0.69(0.62-0.77),0.90(0.82-0.98)] or junior high school [ OR (95% CI )=0.72(0.66-0.79),0.92(0.85-0.99)] compared to those with primary school or below; picky eating or selective eating increased the risk of undernutrition [ OR (95% CI )=2.36(2.07-2.68),2.28(2.04-2.55)], and primary and secondary school students without nutritional content in health education classes had higher rates of undernutrition [ OR (95% CI )=1.12(1.03-1.23),1.09(1.01-1.17)](all P <0.05).
Conclusion
The prevalence of undernutrition is slightly higher in left behind primary and secondary students than in non left behind primary and secondary students in central and western NIPRCES areas, with variations across different characteristics.
2.Yimei Baijiang Formula Treats Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer in Mice via NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Qian WU ; Xin ZOU ; Chaoli JIANG ; Long ZHAO ; Hui CHEN ; Li LI ; Zhi LI ; Jianqin LIU
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(3):119-130
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Yimei Baijiang formula (YMBJF) on colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in mice. MethodsSixty male Balb/c mice of 4-6 weeks old were randomized into 6 groups: Normal, model, capecitabine (0.83 g
3.Yimei Baijiang Formula Treats Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer in Mice via NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Qian WU ; Xin ZOU ; Chaoli JIANG ; Long ZHAO ; Hui CHEN ; Li LI ; Zhi LI ; Jianqin LIU
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(3):119-130
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Yimei Baijiang formula (YMBJF) on colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in mice. MethodsSixty male Balb/c mice of 4-6 weeks old were randomized into 6 groups: Normal, model, capecitabine (0.83 g
4.Consideration of Health Economics Evidence in Clinical Practice Guidelines: Methods and Steps
Dongrui PENG ; Qi ZHOU ; Xufei LUO ; Zijun WANG ; Hui LIU ; Junxian ZHAO ; Jinghong HUANG ; Hongyu HU ; Xin XING ; Jing WU ; Shitong XIE ; Xiaohui WANG ; Yaolong CHEN
Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital 2026;17(3):862-870
Health economics evidence plays an important role in linking clinical value evidence with health resource allocation decisions in the development of clinical practice guidelines. It can not only effectively balance clinical effectiveness and economic feasibility but also avoid forming "idealized" recommendations that are detached from the affordability of the healthcare system or the burden-bearing capacity of patients. To promote guideline developers to use health economics evidence more standardizedly and fully, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the current application status, existing challenges, access channels, and application processes of health economics evidence in current guidelines, and on this basis, puts forward considerations and suggestions for strengthening and standardizing the application of health economics evidence in China's clinical practice guidelines.
5.Psychological Stress-induced Immune Dysregulation: The Key Factor Undermining Aerobic Exercise’s Antagonism Against Tumor Progression
Xin ZHOU ; Hua ZHANG ; Jing-Jing LIU ; Hui-Xin PAN ; Jing ZHANG ; Qing-Lu WANG
Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics 2026;53(6):1656-1671
Cancer is one of the most lethal and burdensome diseases worldwide. Its progression not only causes irreversible damage to the body, but also imposes a substantial psychological burden on patients due to its complex prognosis. Immune imbalance, a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment (TME), accelerates tumor invasion and metastasis by impairing the function of effector immune cells, promoting the abnormal infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, and disrupting cytokine homeostasis, thereby constituting a major barrier to the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Compared with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, aerobic exercise has shown considerable potential in antagonizing tumor progression through relatively mild but effective immunomodulatory mechanisms. On the one hand, regular aerobic exercise enhances the number and activity of key effector immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells, thereby strengthening their ability to recognize and eliminate tumor cells and alleviate immune imbalance. On the other hand, aerobic exercise promotes tumor vascular normalization, improves vascular maturity, and stimulates the secretion of irisin and other anti-inflammatory myokines, thereby remodeling the TME and relieving its immunosuppressive state to delay tumor progression. However, psychological stress following a cancer diagnosis can not only act as an independent disruptive factor that exacerbates immune imbalance within the TME, but also amplify the effects of other detrimental factors, such as reduced treatment adherence, thereby further weakening the antagonistic effect of aerobic exercise on tumor growth. Psychological stress, as a chronic stressor, promotes the excessive secretion of emotion-related hormones, including glucocorticoids (GCs) and norepinephrine (NE), which further suppress the activation and effector functions of antitumor immune cells such as CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, while facilitating the recruitment of protumor immune cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs). These changes ultimately disrupt immune homeostasis in the TME, promote tumor immune evasion, accelerate tumor invasion and metastasis, and offset the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on tumor control. In addition, psychological stress induces hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and abnormal excitation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), thereby maintaining elevated levels of GCs, NE, and related stress hormones, suppressing inflammatory chemokine expression and immune cell recruitment, and further disturbing immune homeostasis in the TME, which accelerates tumor progression. More importantly, prolonged psychological stress can also disrupt the homeostasis of central neurotransmitters, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and glutamate (Glu). This not only directly inhibits the activation and effector functions of antitumor immune cells and promotes the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, but also impairs cellular energy metabolism and continuously provides energy for tumor cells through metabolic reprogramming, thereby sustaining rapid tumor growth and adaptation to a hostile TME. Ultimately, these alterations contribute to the dysregulation of “neuro-endocrine-immune” axis and weaken the protective effect of aerobic exercise against tumor progression. Therefore, this review focuses on the interaction between psychological stress and the “neuro-endocrine-immune” axis, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms by which psychological stress induces immune imbalance and weakens the antagonistic effect of aerobic exercise on tumor progression. We further highlight the important role of psychological stress in tumor progression and propose that combining psychotropic interventions, aerobic exercise, and clinical antitumor immunotherapy may help restore the tumor-killing capacity of the immune system. Such a multimodal strategy may exert synergistic effects at multiple levels, including psychological stress relief, neuroendocrine regulation, and reconstruction of immune homeostasis, thereby providing new perspectives for identifying therapeutic targets in solid tumors, enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, and improving patient prognosis.
6.The first record of Anopheles messeae (Diptera: Culicidae) parasitized by water mites in China
Xue-ru CHEN ; Wen-zhen YAO ; Yu-hao LI ; Gui-chang LI ; Tao MENG ; Qun-ling FENG ; Xin-hui LIU ; Li-hong QIAO ; Xiang-ting WU ; Xue-feng ZHANG ; Cheng-lin LI ; Xue-cheng DONG ; Da-wei WANG ; Xiao-yan SI ; Yu-hong GUO
Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica 2026;33(1):53-57
Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.
7.Meta analysis of the effects of different intervention modalities on non suicidal self-injury in adolescents
ZHENG Mengyao, HE Changjiu, LIU Xin, LIANG Fangling, DU Hui
Chinese Journal of School Health 2025;46(4):533-538
Objective:
To explore the effectiveness of different intervention modalities on nonsuicidal selfinjury (NSSI) in adolescents, so as to provide an evidencebased basis for the intervention strategy of NSSI in adolescents.
Methods:
Randomized controlled trials on interventions for adolescent NSSI were retrieved from databases, such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, spanning from the inception of these databases to March 5, 2025. Network Metaanalysis was performed by using Stata 17.0 and Review Manager 5.3 software, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95%CI were used as the effect indicators to compare the differences in the effectiveness of the interventions and rank the effect.
Results:
A total of 26 articles with 2 034 adolescents with NSSI were included in the study, including 10 intervention modalities:dialectical behavior therapy, emotional regulation intervention, mentalizationbased therapy, family therapy, cutting down programme, cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative therapy, stepped care approach, positive psychological intervention, and acceptance and commitment therapy. The results showed that compared with the treatment as usual, positive psychological intervention [SMD(95%CI)=-2.12(-3.51 to -0.74)], stepped care intervention [SMD(95%CI)=-2.07(-3.43 to -0.71)], and dialectical behavior therapy [SMD(95%CI)=-1.70(-2.60 to -0.80)], cognitive behavioral therapy [SMD(95%CI)=-1.54(-2.61 to -0.48)], and acceptance and commitment therapy[SMD(95%CI)=-1.50(-2.68 to -0.32)] were statistically significant differences in reducing adolescents NSSI behaviors(P<0.05). Positive psychological intervention, stepped care intervention, and dialectical behavior therapy were more effective than the mentalizationbased therapy and the cutting down programme (SMD=-2.08, -2.03, -1.66, -2.06, -2.01, -1.64,P<0.05); the area under the cumulative ranking probability graph revealed that positive psychological intervention may have the best effect in improving NSSI among adolescents (82.5).
Conclusions
Positive psychological interventions show the best results in improving adolescent NSSI among multiple intervention modalities. It is recommended to give priority to positive psychological interventions in clinical interventions.
8.Clinical characteristics analysis of interstitial lung disease undergoing second lung transplantation
Mengyang LIU ; Yanran ZHOU ; Guilin PENG ; Chao YANG ; Hanyu YANG ; Hui LIU ; Xin XU
Organ Transplantation 2025;16(6):890-897
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of recipients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) who underwent second lung transplantation and summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic experience. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 14 patients who underwent first and second lung transplants for ILD at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2015 to December 2024. The preoperative conditions, intraoperative events, postoperative treatments and prognoses of the first and second lung transplantation were compared, and the postoperative survival of ILD patients after the second lung transplantation was analyzed. Results Among the 14 recipients of the second lung transplant, 13 underwent the procedure due to chronic lung allograft dysfunction, and 1 due to airway complications. The median interval time from the first to the second lung transplant was 32 (2, 80) months. Before the second transplantation, 2 recipients required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, and 2 required endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. The surgical time for the second lung transplantation was longer than that for the first, with increased intraoperative red blood cell and plasma transfusion volumes, the proportion of ECMO support during the second lung transplantation was higher than that during the first (all P<0.05). However, the cold ischemia time for one-sided lung transplant completion in the first lung transplant was similar to that in the second lung transplantation (P>0.05). The median follow-up time after the second lung transplantation was 32 (1, 63) months. The 1-month, 6-month and 1-year survival rates after the second lung transplantation were 79%, 57% and 50%, respectively, with causes of death being infection, multiple organ failure and gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusions For ILD patients undergoing second lung transplantation after the first lung transplantation, the second lung transplantation is more challenging, with longer surgical time and higher intraoperative blood loss. It requires higher surgical skills and perioperative management. Non-emergency second transplantation may still achieve good results.
9.Acute Hepatitis E Complicated With Liver Fibrosis:Report of One Case.
Xin-Yue LIU ; Hui-Ying RAO ; Rui HUANG
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2025;47(4):666-672
Hepatitis E is the liver inflammation caused by a hepatitis E virus infection.Immunocompetent patients with acute hepatitis E can spontaneously clear the infection,whereas immunosuppressed patients may not be able to clear the hepatitis E virus infection and develop chronic hepatitis.Most patients with hepatitis E are asymptomatic and present only with mild and persistent liver function abnormalities.This article reports a case of hepatitis E in an immunocompetent adult with elevated aminotransferases as the main manifestation.Hepatic fibrosis was detected by hepatic puncture biopsy.This report aims to remind other physicians to evaluate liver fibrosis when encountering acute hepatitis E,especially in patients with chronic liver disease.
Adult
;
Humans
;
Acute Disease
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Hepatitis E/complications*
;
Liver Cirrhosis/etiology*
10.Preservation and Utilization of Clinical Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Specimen
Hui ZHANG ; Le LI ; Yun FANG ; Ning YANG ; Xin YUAN ; Yan LIU
Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital 2025;16(6):1587-1592
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is rich in various bioactive substances such as cytokines and enzymes, making it a high-quality clinical specimen and research sample. It holds significant value in fields such as etiological analysis, proteomics, pathology, and disease diagnosis and treatment. This article systematically reviews the key technical points for the preservation of BALF samples and provides an in-depth interpretation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from an application perspective. The aim is to offer references for the standardization of sample preservation practices and to promote the widespread use of BALF samples in clinical research.


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