Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection is the primary cause of viral hepatitis and represents a substantial disease burden in China. However， effective and safe agents capable of completely eliminating HBV DNA are still lacking. In modern medicine， anti-HBV strategies mainly target covalently closed circular DNA （cccDNA）， among other mechanisms， and multiple novel drugs are currently under clinical investigation. Traditional medicine has been shown to exert anti-HBV effects through direct pathways， such as blocking viral entry， as well as indirect pathways， including the regulation of programmed cell death. Studies have confirmed that the integration of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and Western medicine in treating HBV infection and its related complications offers complementary advantages， particularly in enhancing HBV clearance rates， improving liver function， preventing various complications， and delaying the progression from hepatic fibrosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. This review focuses on advances in anti-HBV research involving TCM， Western medicine， and their integrated application， aiming to provide a basis for integrated HBV therapy and new drug development.

Efferocytosis refers to the process of phagocytes engulfing and clearing the cells after programmed cell death. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that the mechanisms of efferocytosis are closely related to drug-induced liver injury, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, viral hepatitis, cholestatic liver diseases, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and other liver disorders. This review summarized the research progress on the role of efferocytosis in liver diseases, with the hope of providing new targets for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.
Humans ; Liver Diseases/metabolism* ; Animals ; Phagocytosis/physiology* ; Phagocytes ; Efferocytosis

Liver fibrosis has a complex pathogenesis， and as research deepens， an increasing number of evidence has revealed extensive metabolic reprogramming in the development and progression of liver fibrosis. This article reviews the origin and role of hepatic macrophages， the distribution of hepatic stellate cells， and the changes in glycolysis and lipid metabolism in the two types of cells， in order to provide new insights into the research on liver fibrosis and the prevention and treatment of this disease.

As a crucial link in the progression of various chronic liver diseases to liver cirrhosis,liver fibrosis affects the prognosis and outcome of chronic liver diseases.Necrotosis is a novel pattern of programmed cell death(PCD),and studies have shown that it plays an important role in the pathophysiology of various diseases and is considered a potential target for improving liver fibrosis.Necroptosis of various types of intrahepatic cells(including hepatocytes,hepatic stellate cells,liver macrophages,and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells)can promote or inhibit liver fibrosis.This article elaborates on the above mechanisms and discusses the therapeutic strategies for targeting liver fibrosis mediated by necroptosis.

Chronic liver disease is the"devil's trilogy"in which the liver progresses from inflammation and fibrosis to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,which poses a great challenge for hepatologists worldwide.Statins have played a significant role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and hyperlipidemia since their introduction,and in recent years,they have also demonstrated the potential to improve hepatic steatosis,exert an anti-inflammatory effect,regulate the phenotype of hepatic stellate cells,reduce portal venous pressure,and improve hepatic microcirculation in chronic liver disease.This article reviews the latest advances in the basic and clinical studies of statins in chronic liver disease,in order to provide new insights into the research,prevention,and treatment of chronic liver disease.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a kind of life support technology that can replace lung and heart function, is widely used in critical respiratory and circulatory exhaustion. Because of the serious diseases and the use of interventional catheters, patients receiving ECMO life support are often administrated with broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, which increase the risk of fungal infection. Fungal infection during ECMO can increase mortality. How to effectively control fungal infection is a thorny problem faced by clinicians. During the treatment of ECMO, the patient's physiological status, ECMO oxygenation membrane, circulation pipeline and other factors may change the pharmacokinetic profiles of antifungal drugs, thereby affect the clinical efficacy of drugs. This artical reviews the pharmacokinetic characteristics of antifungal drugs during ECMO support, in order to provide references for clinical antifungal treatment.

Objective The benefit of short-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following second-generation drug-eluting stents implantation has not been systematically evaluated. To bridge the knowledge gap, we did a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of ≤6 months versus ≥12 months DAPT among patients with second-generation drug-eluting stents.Methods We searched online databases and identified randomized controlled trials that assess the clinical impact of short-term DAPT (≤6 months) published before March 3, 2016. The efficacy endpoints included the incidence of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents, and definite or probable stent thrombosis. Safety endpoint defined as major bleeding was also evaluated and discussed.Results We included 5 trials that randomized 9473 participants (49.8%, short-term DAPT duration vs. 50.2%, standard duration). A total of 9445 (99.7%) patients reported the efficacy endpoints, and the safety endpoint was available from 4 studies (n=8457). There was no significant difference in efficacy endpoints between short-term and standard DAPT duration (≥12 months) [risk ratio (RR) 0.96; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.80-1.15]. Short-term DAPT duration did not significantly increase the individual risk of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents, or definite or probable stent thrombosis. Although short-term DAPT obviously reduced risk of major bleeding compared with standard DAPT (RR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-0.96), significant publication bias was found when accessing the safety endpoint of the 4 studies (Egger's test, P=0.009).Conclusions The efficacy of short-term DAPT was comparable with that of standard duration DAPT. DAPT less than 6 months may be appropriate for patients receiving second-generation drug-eluting stents implantation.
Drug-Eluting Stents ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; chemically induced ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Stroke ; chemically induced ; Thrombosis ; chemically induced ; Time Factors

Objective To study the dosimetry distribution of 125Ⅰ seed chains with different radians in different curvatures of bile ducts. Methods The outlines were drawn on the papers, which are the seed chain models with different radians. Radians formula (radian length=2πr × angle/360) was used to calculate the corresponding 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150° and 180° models with a radian length at 45 mm, for the total length of seed chain model was 45 mm, and the seeds, had no interval or linear arrangements. The image was transmitted to the Brachytherapy planning system for seeds implantation( TPS) to simulate the seed chains with different radians. Using TPS to delineate the tumor target area, of which the activity was set as 1. 85 × 107 Bq, and the prescription dose was 60 Gy. It was prescribed to simulate the bile duct ( diameter at 8 mm) . TPS were used to calculate the D90 and V100 of the simulated bile duct with the diameter at 8 mm, and explore dosimetry of the points at the centripetal and centrifugal sides with 5 mm vertical distance which from two endpoints and center of seed chains with different radians. Results When the radian of seed chain was 30°, the D90and the V100 were the highest (the D90 was 132 Gy; the V100 was 100%). While the radian was 60°, the D90 and the V100 were the lowest (the D90 was 45 Gy, the V100 was 68%). As the radian was 30°, the highest dose was in the center ( dose in the centripetal side was 165 Gy, and centrifugal side dose was 142 Gy) . The center has the lowest dose as the radian up to 180°(dose in the centripetal side was 90 Gy, and centrifugal side dose was 50 Gy) . Among all radians, dose in the centripetal side was always higher than centrifugal side in the center. Between two endpoints, dose in the centrifugal side was higher than centripetal. Conclusions Distribution of seed chain dosage also changed along with the change of radian. When the radian of seed chain was 30°, the D90 and the V100 were the highest. The centripetal dose was higher than that of the centrifugal side.

Objective To explore the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of radioactive gastric tube of 125Ⅰ seeds in the treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods For 10 cases with advanced esophageal carcinoma, the tumor target area was outlined in the TPS system according to preoperative CT images. Prescription dose was 60 Gy with 125Ⅰ seed radioactivity of 2. 22 × 107 Bq. Accordingly, the 125Ⅰ seeds number and the appropriate gastric tube was decided. Then, depending on the location of the tumor and certain rules, 125Ⅰ seeds were fixed in the tube wall to make the radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds gastric tube. Under the C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy, the radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds gastric tubes were placed into esophageal carcinoma site of the patients. Results The radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds gastric tubes of 10 patients were successfully placed, without esophageal perforation, bleeding complications and so on. In one month after operation, all patients with dysphagia′s Stooler classification score were 2 -3 level,of which one case died of other basic diseases in three months after operation, and six cases achieved 0 -1 level while the other three cases achieved 1 -2 level in four months after operation. There were no cases of postoperative chest pain, bleeding, pneumonia and other related complications. Conclusions The radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds gastric tube could not only help to solve nutrition problems, but also the intracavitary brachytherapy inhibit the growth of tumor, which is safe and feasible in clinical use. It can be used as a palliative treatment for patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma.

The thesis introduces the experience of research and application of the information system for emergency doctor workstation.The system consists of the section of patient selection and switch,patient listing,medical records and the maintenance.The application of the system helps the optimization of the work process,the safety drug-taking,the normalization of medical documents,and the share of the medical resources.