Objective:To investigate variation of peripheral blood monocyte subtypes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA),to study variation of surface antigen expression intensity and plasma related cytokine content of monocytes of each subtype,and to discuss their clinical application value.Methods:Percentage of monocyte subtypes and mean fluorescence intensity(MFI)of monocyte surface markers(HLA-DR,CD64,CD11b)in peripheral blood of 38 patients with RA were detected by multi-parameter flow cytometry,and differences were statistically analyzed compared with 40 healthy controls(HV group).Plasma levels of five cyto-kines(IL-2,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γ)were detected by flow fluorescence microsphere technology.Linear correlation analysis was performed to determine correlation between percentage of monocyte subtypes and MFI of their surface markers and expression of related cytokines in RA patients.Disease activity 28(DAS28)score was performed in RA patients to study its association with percent-age of monocyte subtypes and plasma cytokines.Results:Compared with control group,percentage of classical monocytes in RA pa-tients decreased significantly(P<0.05),while percentage of intermediate monocytes and non-classical monocytes increased signifi-cantly(P<0.01).HLA-DR expression(MFI)on monocyte subsets in RA group was significantly higher than HV group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CD64 expression(MFI)on intermediate monocytes and non-classical monocytes in RA group was significantly higher than HV group(P<0.01 or P<0.001).CD11b expression(MFI)on intermediate monocytes in RA group was significantly higher than HV group(P<0.001).In RA group,percentage of intermediate monocytes was positively correlated with contents of IL-6,TNF-α and IFN-γ(P<0.01).HLA-DR expression(MFI)on intermediate monocytes was positively correlated with TNF-α content(P<0.05);CD64 expres-sion(MFI)on non-classical monocytes was positively correlated with contents of IL-2 and IL-10(P<0.05).In RA group,percentage of intermediate monocytes was positively correlated with DAS28(P<0.001);plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels were positively correlated with DAS28(P<0.01).Conclusion:Characteristic expression of intermediate monocytes and their surface antigens are closely related to occurrence of RA,and related inflammation is triggered by secretion of related cytokines.Monocyte subtype detection can be a new experimental diagnostic index for RA.Dynamic monitoring of peripheral blood monocyte subtypes and plasma IL-6 and TNF-α in RA patients during treatment is helpful to guide clinical treatment of RA.

Objective: To investigate the availability and use of child safety seats among children aged 0-3 years, so as to provide the basis for improving riding safety for children. Methods: Parents of children aged 0-3 years in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality, were recruited using the stratified multistage random sampling method from May to July 2024. Demographic information, family travel patterns, the use of child safety seat and related health beliefs were collected using questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting the use of child safety seats were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 514 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 96.98%. The respondents included 122 fathers (23.74%) and 392 mothers (76.26%), with a median age of 34.00 (interquartile range, 5.00) years. There were 446 families equipping with child safety seats, accounting for 86.77%; and 169 families using child safety seats, accounting for 32.88%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the parents who had children aged >1-2 years (OR=0.597, 95%CI: 0.366-0.973), travelled 2-4 times per month (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.213-0.607) or once per month or less (OR=0.384, 95%CI: 0.202-0.729), and scored high in perceived barrier (OR=0.634, 95%CI: 0.486-0.827) were less likely to use child safety seats; the parents who had children with local household registration (OR=2.506, 95%CI: 1.356-4.633), travelled 5-<10 km (OR=1.887, 95%CI: 1.148-3.101) or ≥10 km (OR=2.319, 95%CI: 1.355-3.967), always wore seat belts (OR=2.342, 95%CI: 1.212-4.524), scored high in perceived susceptibility (OR=1.392, 95%CI: 1.091-1.778) and self-efficacy (OR=1.413, 95%CI: 1.156-1.727) were more likely to use child safety seats. Conclusions Equipping family cars with child safety seats and using them can prevent and reduce traffic injuries among children aged 0-3 years. It is recommended to strengthen publicity to promote the use of child safety seats.

Objective:To investigate variation of peripheral blood monocyte subtypes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA),to study variation of surface antigen expression intensity and plasma related cytokine content of monocytes of each subtype,and to discuss their clinical application value.Methods:Percentage of monocyte subtypes and mean fluorescence intensity(MFI)of monocyte surface markers(HLA-DR,CD64,CD11b)in peripheral blood of 38 patients with RA were detected by multi-parameter flow cytometry,and differences were statistically analyzed compared with 40 healthy controls(HV group).Plasma levels of five cyto-kines(IL-2,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γ)were detected by flow fluorescence microsphere technology.Linear correlation analysis was performed to determine correlation between percentage of monocyte subtypes and MFI of their surface markers and expression of related cytokines in RA patients.Disease activity 28(DAS28)score was performed in RA patients to study its association with percent-age of monocyte subtypes and plasma cytokines.Results:Compared with control group,percentage of classical monocytes in RA pa-tients decreased significantly(P<0.05),while percentage of intermediate monocytes and non-classical monocytes increased signifi-cantly(P<0.01).HLA-DR expression(MFI)on monocyte subsets in RA group was significantly higher than HV group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CD64 expression(MFI)on intermediate monocytes and non-classical monocytes in RA group was significantly higher than HV group(P<0.01 or P<0.001).CD11b expression(MFI)on intermediate monocytes in RA group was significantly higher than HV group(P<0.001).In RA group,percentage of intermediate monocytes was positively correlated with contents of IL-6,TNF-α and IFN-γ(P<0.01).HLA-DR expression(MFI)on intermediate monocytes was positively correlated with TNF-α content(P<0.05);CD64 expres-sion(MFI)on non-classical monocytes was positively correlated with contents of IL-2 and IL-10(P<0.05).In RA group,percentage of intermediate monocytes was positively correlated with DAS28(P<0.001);plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels were positively correlated with DAS28(P<0.01).Conclusion:Characteristic expression of intermediate monocytes and their surface antigens are closely related to occurrence of RA,and related inflammation is triggered by secretion of related cytokines.Monocyte subtype detection can be a new experimental diagnostic index for RA.Dynamic monitoring of peripheral blood monocyte subtypes and plasma IL-6 and TNF-α in RA patients during treatment is helpful to guide clinical treatment of RA.

Objective To investigate neural correlates of the generation,execution and inhibition of motor intention. Methods Behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERP) of 14 participants were recorded when they performed a two-staged Go-Nogo task. At the stage of intention preparation,three kinds of the "what" cues were presented separately to the participants : (1) to press a response key by the left or the right hand (the instructed) ,(2) to decide freely which hand will be used (the free) ,(3) to wait for the second cue (the control). At the stage of intention execution,the "whether" cue suggested the participants execute (Go) or withdraw (Nogo) the previous intention either voluntarily or forcedly. Results The interaction effect between the "what" and the "whether" was significant(F(2,26) = 8.262, P=0.002). The forced responses were faster than those of voluntary action under both the instructed condition ((468.52 ±105.87)ms vs (546.67 ±146.33)ms) and the control condition ((536.78 ± 83.28) ms vs (589.75 ± 140.80) ms). No significant difference was found for the free condition((538.71 ± 127. 39) ms vs (561. 44 ± 146. 51) ms). At the stage of intention preparation,significant ERP effects between the instructed intention and the freely intention were revealed in bilateral frontal regions (150～200 ms) , frontoparietal area (300～700 ms)and right temporal area. At the stage of intention execution,ERP effects between voluntary inhibition and voluntary action were observed in left prefrontal area (160～220 ms) ,fro-nto-cento-parietal area and right frontoparietal area. (300～550 ms). Conclusion The motor intention may be generated in the prefrontal area and maintained in the frontoparietal network. The left prefrontal and fronto-centro-parietal areas inhibit intention in the early stage and the right frontoparietal area involves response inhibition lately.

Objective To investigate neural correlates of the retrieval of temporal order.Methods ERP of 19 channels was recorded from 17 healthy young students while they performed a recency judgment task,a recognition task and a visual discrimination task separately,which were based on Sternberg paradigm.One-way ANOVA of repeated-measurement and post-hoc paired comparisons were carried out for both the task factor(temporal order,recognition and control)and the temporal distance factor correspondingly.The latter contains 3 intervals (1,2 and 3)between the targets.Results The temporal distance effect was significant:the closer targets correspond to longer reaction time((745.5±106.1)ms,(711.7±102.2)ms,(653.7±81.5)ms;F_((1.28,20.48))=43.37,P=0.00]and higher error rate((62.8±7.0)%,(72.5±5.4)%,(84.5±6.4)%;F_((1.32,21.11))=135.99,P=0.00].Significant behavioral effect of the task factor was also found for both reaction time(F_((1.32,21.11))=135.99,P=0.00)and error rate(F_((2,32))=200.31,P=0.00).No significant behavioral difference was found between the temporal order group and the recognition group.The spatiotemporal pattern of statistical parametric mapping(SPM)suggested the ERP effects of temporal order were presented in left temporal region (260～270 ms),bilateral parietal-occipital areas(280～290 ms),and bilateral parietal lobes(300～400 ms)prominently.No ERP effect was found between the temporal order task and the recognition task.Conclusions The neural correlates of the temporal distance effect exist in bilateral parietal regions.Temporal order as well as object information processing involves similar cerebral regions during the retrieval period.

Objective:To evaluate the role of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)patients. Methods: From 2004 to 2005,215 patients underwent CABG and there were 36 cases with LVEF0.40(normal LVEF group). Correlative data of the two groups were compared and analyzed statistically. Results: Compared with the normal EF group, the EuroSCORE of the low EF group was much higher (mean 6.4?1.7) and many more patients of the low EF group had concomitant moderate to severe mitral valve insufficiency and aneurysm that needed simultaneous surgical operation(55.6%).Two patients died in hospital(5.5%)in the low EF group whereas five patients in the normal EF group(2.8%, P