Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism of buprenorphine in attenuating neuroinflammation in microglia and the MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor gene 1 ( MDGA1). Methods:The human microglial cell line HMC-3 was cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a table of random numbers: control group (Con group), lipopolysaccharide(LPS)group, buprenorphine + LPS group (Bup+ LPS group) and buprenorphine + LPS + MDGA1 knockdown group (Bup+ LPS+ shMDGA1 group). LPS group was incubated with LPS at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml for 4 h. Bup+ LPS group was incubated with buprenorphine at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml for 1 h, followed by incubation with LPS at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml for 4 h. Bup+ LPS+ shMDGA1 group was transfected with MDGA1-specific shorthairpin RNA for knockdown, and the remaining treatment was similar to those previously described in Bup+ LPS group. The expression of MDGA1 in microglia was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:Compared with Con group, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant were significantly increased, and the expression of MDGA1 in microglia was down-regulated in LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant were significantly decreased, and the expression of MDGA1 in microglia was up-regulated in Bup+ LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with Bup+ LPS group, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant were significantly increased, and the expression of MDGA1 in microglia was down-regulated in Bup+ LPS+ sh MDGA1 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which buprenorphine alleviates neuroinflammation in microglia may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of MDGA1.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism of buprenorphine in attenuating neuroinflammation in microglia and the MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor gene 1 ( MDGA1). Methods:The human microglial cell line HMC-3 was cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a table of random numbers: control group (Con group), lipopolysaccharide(LPS)group, buprenorphine + LPS group (Bup+ LPS group) and buprenorphine + LPS + MDGA1 knockdown group (Bup+ LPS+ shMDGA1 group). LPS group was incubated with LPS at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml for 4 h. Bup+ LPS group was incubated with buprenorphine at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml for 1 h, followed by incubation with LPS at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml for 4 h. Bup+ LPS+ shMDGA1 group was transfected with MDGA1-specific shorthairpin RNA for knockdown, and the remaining treatment was similar to those previously described in Bup+ LPS group. The expression of MDGA1 in microglia was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:Compared with Con group, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant were significantly increased, and the expression of MDGA1 in microglia was down-regulated in LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant were significantly decreased, and the expression of MDGA1 in microglia was up-regulated in Bup+ LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with Bup+ LPS group, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant were significantly increased, and the expression of MDGA1 in microglia was down-regulated in Bup+ LPS+ sh MDGA1 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which buprenorphine alleviates neuroinflammation in microglia may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of MDGA1.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of oliceridine for analgesia in the patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer.Methods:In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center, positive-control study, 84 patients of either sex, aged 18-64 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, weighing 50-70 kg, with a body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, education years ≥ 6 yr, and expected surgery time>1 h, with thyroid cancer undergoing radical surgery under general anesthesia at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August to October 2024, were divided into 2 groups using a random number table method: sufentanil group (S group, n=41) and oliceridine group (O group, n=43). During anesthesia induction: Group S received intravenous injection of sufentanil 15 μg, while group O received intravenous injection of oliceridine 3 mg; If the increase in mean arterial pressure or heart rate exceeded 20% of the baseline value within 3 min after tracheal intubation, an additional 5 μg of sufentanil (S group) or 1 mg of oliceridine (O group) was added. At 2 min before skin incision, sufentanil 15 μg was intravenously injected in group S, and oliceridine 3 mg was intravenously injected in group O. Effectiveness evaluation indicators: The visual analog scale scores were recorded at 5 min after tracheal extubation, immediately upon exiting the post-anesthesia care unit, and at 24 and 48 h postoperatively; Ramsay sedation scores were recorded at 5, 10, 20 and 30 min after tracheal extubation. The safety evaluation indicators: The use of vasoactive drugs during surgery and occurrence of adverse reactions within 48 h after surgery were recorded. Results:Compared with group S, no significant change was found in visual analog scale scores at different time points after surgery and Ramsay sedation scores at different time points after tracheal extubation ( P>0.05), and the usage rate of atropine during surgery and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly decreased in group O ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Oliceridine can produce postoperative analgesic efficacy comparable to sufentanil in the patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer, with smoother intraoperative hemodynamics and lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of oliceridine for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer.Methods:In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center, positive-control clinical study, 123 patients with breast cancer, aged 18-64 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification I or Ⅱ, with a body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, undergoing breast-conserving surgery under general anesthesia at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May to August 2024, were divided into 2 groups using a random number table method: sufentanil group (group S, n=62) and oliceridine group (group O, n=61). During anesthesia induction, sufentanil 15 μg was intravenously injected in group S, and oliceridine 3 mg was intravenously injected in group O. At 2 min before skin incision, sufentanil 10 μg was intravenously injected in group S, and oliceridine 2 mg was intravenously injected in group O. Postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed, with group S receiving sufentanil 50 μg and group O receiving oliceridine 10 mg, each diluted with normal saline to 100 ml. The pain visual analog scale scores at rest and during activity were recorded at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h postoperatively. The time of the first pressing of the postoperative analgesic pump, effective pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia and requirement for rescue analgesia within 24 h after surgery were recorded. The Ramsay sedation scores were recorded at 5, 15 and 30 min after tracheal extubation. The postoperative recovery quality was measured using the 15-item quality of recovery questionnaire at 24 h before surgery and at 24 and 48 h after surgery. The adverse reactions were recorded within 48 h after surgery. Results:Compared with group S, no significant change was found in visual analog scale scores at rest and during activity at different time points, the time of the first pressing of the postoperative analgesic pump, effective pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia and requirement for rescue analgesia within 24 h after operation, or the Ramsay sedation scores at 5, 15 and 30 min after tracheal extubation ( P>0.05), and 15-item quality of recovery scores were significantly increased at 24 and 48 h after surgery, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was decreased in group O ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Oliceridine produces postoperative analgesic effects comparable to sufentanil without affecting patient awakening and reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting, which is helpful for early postoperative recovery when used in the patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of oliceridine for analgesia in the patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer.Methods:In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center, positive-control study, 84 patients of either sex, aged 18-64 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, weighing 50-70 kg, with a body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, education years ≥ 6 yr, and expected surgery time>1 h, with thyroid cancer undergoing radical surgery under general anesthesia at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August to October 2024, were divided into 2 groups using a random number table method: sufentanil group (S group, n=41) and oliceridine group (O group, n=43). During anesthesia induction: Group S received intravenous injection of sufentanil 15 μg, while group O received intravenous injection of oliceridine 3 mg; If the increase in mean arterial pressure or heart rate exceeded 20% of the baseline value within 3 min after tracheal intubation, an additional 5 μg of sufentanil (S group) or 1 mg of oliceridine (O group) was added. At 2 min before skin incision, sufentanil 15 μg was intravenously injected in group S, and oliceridine 3 mg was intravenously injected in group O. Effectiveness evaluation indicators: The visual analog scale scores were recorded at 5 min after tracheal extubation, immediately upon exiting the post-anesthesia care unit, and at 24 and 48 h postoperatively; Ramsay sedation scores were recorded at 5, 10, 20 and 30 min after tracheal extubation. The safety evaluation indicators: The use of vasoactive drugs during surgery and occurrence of adverse reactions within 48 h after surgery were recorded. Results:Compared with group S, no significant change was found in visual analog scale scores at different time points after surgery and Ramsay sedation scores at different time points after tracheal extubation ( P>0.05), and the usage rate of atropine during surgery and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly decreased in group O ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Oliceridine can produce postoperative analgesic efficacy comparable to sufentanil in the patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer, with smoother intraoperative hemodynamics and lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of oliceridine for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer.Methods:In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center, positive-control clinical study, 123 patients with breast cancer, aged 18-64 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification I or Ⅱ, with a body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, undergoing breast-conserving surgery under general anesthesia at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May to August 2024, were divided into 2 groups using a random number table method: sufentanil group (group S, n=62) and oliceridine group (group O, n=61). During anesthesia induction, sufentanil 15 μg was intravenously injected in group S, and oliceridine 3 mg was intravenously injected in group O. At 2 min before skin incision, sufentanil 10 μg was intravenously injected in group S, and oliceridine 2 mg was intravenously injected in group O. Postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed, with group S receiving sufentanil 50 μg and group O receiving oliceridine 10 mg, each diluted with normal saline to 100 ml. The pain visual analog scale scores at rest and during activity were recorded at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h postoperatively. The time of the first pressing of the postoperative analgesic pump, effective pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia and requirement for rescue analgesia within 24 h after surgery were recorded. The Ramsay sedation scores were recorded at 5, 15 and 30 min after tracheal extubation. The postoperative recovery quality was measured using the 15-item quality of recovery questionnaire at 24 h before surgery and at 24 and 48 h after surgery. The adverse reactions were recorded within 48 h after surgery. Results:Compared with group S, no significant change was found in visual analog scale scores at rest and during activity at different time points, the time of the first pressing of the postoperative analgesic pump, effective pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia and requirement for rescue analgesia within 24 h after operation, or the Ramsay sedation scores at 5, 15 and 30 min after tracheal extubation ( P>0.05), and 15-item quality of recovery scores were significantly increased at 24 and 48 h after surgery, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was decreased in group O ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Oliceridine produces postoperative analgesic effects comparable to sufentanil without affecting patient awakening and reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting, which is helpful for early postoperative recovery when used in the patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is used for transcriptome profiling at the individual cell level, which is capable of screening in differentially gene expression that results from genetic mutation. Islet-based developmental atlas and heterogeneity characterization are currently the main applications of scRNA-seq in diabetes. scRNA-seq also can be used to mark and purify the functional β cells from resident adult stem cells in the pancreatic islets, which is expected to improve the outcome of islet β cells transplantation in type 1 diabetic patients. In addition, the technique can aid in learning diabetic β cell dedifferentiation and immunomodulatory functions. Although the study of scRNA-seq in diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, atherosclerosis, and peripheral neuropathy is still at a nascent stage, scRNA-seq has great potential in a wide range of biomedical and clinical applications.

Objective:To analysis the correlation of eating speed with obesity.Methods:A total of 644 people aged 40-65 from Caihe Community in Hangzhou were enrolled to collect clinical and demographic data, undergo extensive physical examination and laboratory tests. Participants were divided into two groups according to their eating speed (non-fast and fast). Obesity-related parameters were compared between two groups. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to explore the relationship between eating speed and obesity after adjusting confounders.Results:Body mass index, waist circumference, and visceral fat area were greater in the fast eating group than non-fast eating group(all P<0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity level per week, and principal food intake, logistic regression analysis showed that eating fast was correlated with abdominal obesity( OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.11-2.48, P=0.014) and visceral obesity( OR=1.65, 95% CI 1.14-2.39, P=0.007). After stratified by gender, in the group of men, eating fast was correlated with abdominal obesity( OR=2.04, 95% CI 1.07-4.04, P=0.032) and visceral obesity( OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.04-3.31, P=0.037); In the group of women, eating fast was correlated with overweight and obesity( OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.04-2.42, P=0.031). Conclusion:Eating fast is positively associated with obesity. Interventions for reducing eating speed may be effective for weight control.

AIM: To evaluate the bioequivalence of the test and reference formulations of mycophenolate mofetil capsule in Chinese healthy male subjects under fasting and fed conditions. METHODS: This was a 2-treatment, 2-sequence, 4-period, fully replicated crossover study that included 80 Chinese healthy male subjects (40 subjects in the fasting group and 40 subjects in the fed group, respectively). Subjects were assigned to receive a single oral administration of the test or reference formulation at a dose of 0.25 g in each period. The plasma concentration of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and metabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA) were analyhed by LC-MS/MS. The major pharmacokinetic parameters of MMF and MPA were calculated using non-compartmental analysis by WinNonlin 8.0. The statistical analysis was performed by SAS 9.4. Average bioequivalence (ABE) analysis was applied where it has been demonstrated that the within-subject standard deviation of the reference formulation (S

Objective:To explore the factors influencing the pulmonary function of persons with mild to moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).Methods:Forty-four persons with AIS were tested for their pulmonary ventilation functioning. The indicators were the percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC%), the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1%) and the percentage of maximum chase volume (MVV%). Data including age, gender, course of disease, dancing habits, exercise habits, body mass index (BMI), Cobb angle, rotation angle, diaphragm thickness, and diaphragm excursion (DE) were also collected. Linear regressions were evaluated to analyze the factors best predicting pulmonary functioning. Spearman correlation coefficients were computed to quantify the correlation between respiratory muscle functioning and pulmonary functioning.Results:The univariate analysis showed that dancing and DE independently influence FVC%, FEV1%, and MVV%. DE was the only independent factor significantly predicting pulmonary functioning for mild to moderate AIS patients. DE was also significantly positively correlated with average FVC%, FEV1% and MVV%.Conclusions:Respiratory training aimed at enhancing DE is necessary to improve the pulmonary ventilation of persons with AIS.