Salivary gland mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (SGML) is a subvariety of marginal zone B-cells that occurs outside of mucosal lymph nodes. The onset of SGML is closely related to immunity, chronic infections, and genetic factors, such as lymphoepithelial sialadenitis (LESA) and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), as well as Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human T-lymphocytic virus. The most common site of SGML is the parotid gland, followed by the submandibular gland, small salivary gland, and sublingual gland. SGML is more common in middle-aged and elderly women, and patients often have autoimmune diseases, such as Sjogren’s syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis. SGML can be diagnosed through clinical manifestations, imaging, and histopathology, but histopathological biopsy remains the main method for confirming SGML. Traditional treatment methods include anti-infective therapy and surgery combined with radiation or chemotherapy. In recent years, some new treatment methods, such as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, have been effective against recurrent or refractory SGML, but more clinical trial data are needed to support them. At present, the optimal treatment for SGML is not yet clear. Individualized treatment plans should be developed based on the location, staging, clinical characteristics, and overall health status of the patient. SGML progresses slowly and has a relatively good overall prognosis; however, the disease is recurrent, the treatment cycle is long, the recurrence rate is higher than that of other mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, and SGML may also cause other serious complications. Therefore, regular observation and follow-up are very important for its prognosis. This article reviews the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SGML, with the aim of providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and thus improve the survival rate of patients with SGML.

Objective To analyze the current application status,research hotspots and develop-ment trends of sedation strategies from both domestic and international perspectives in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Relevant literature on the application of sedation strategies in mechanically ventilated patients from 2014 to 2024 was retrieved from data-bases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang and Web of Science.Visual analysis of publication volume and keywords was conducted using CiteSpace 6.2.R3 software.Results A total of 475 Chinese-language articles and 405 English-language articles were included.Significant differences were observed in publication volume between domestic and international re-search,with early domestic activity followed by a decline,while international research had demonstra-ted robust and sustained growth over the past five years.International studies primarily emphasized protocol-driven sedation processes and standardized strategies,whereas domestic research focused on optimizing the concept of comfort-oriented sedation management and exploring postoperative sedation strategies.Analysis of research hotspots revealed that precise pharmacological regulation,the development of disease-specific sedation strategies,and the establishment of multidisciplinary collaborative protocols were key areas of focus in sedation strategies for ICU mechanically ventilated patients.Conclusion Future research should prioritize shortening the update cycle of clinical guidelines,enhancing the transla-tion of evidence-based practices into clinical settings,establishing clear application standards for disease-specific sedation strategies,improving multicenter collaborative research capabilities,and developing artificial intelligence-based sedation monitoring technologies.

Objective:To uncover alterations in the metabolic microenvironment of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and identify potential metabolic biomarkers for the early diagnosis of LNM using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) spatial metabolomics.Methods:Six OSCC patients with LNM, who underwent neck dissection surgery at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University between October 2020 and October 2022, were enrolled. Matched metastatically involved (positive) and benign (negative) lymph node tissue samples were collected and analyzed using DESI-MSI. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to identify differentially abundant metabolites. The diagnostic efficacy of these metabolites was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Finally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed to determine the implicated metabolic pathways.Results:A total of 62 and 29 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in the metastatically involved lymph nodes compared to benign lymph nodes under positive-ion mode and negative-ion mode, respectively. These metabolites were predominantly amino acids and lipids. Four metabolites common to both ionization modes were selected for ROC curve analysis: phenylalanine, phosphoethanolamine, histidine, and taurine. The area under the curve values were 0.861, 0.802, 0.729, and 0.722, respectively, indicating promising diagnostic performance. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed significantly heightened activity in Amino acid metabolism ( P=0.469) and Glycerophospholipid metabolism ( P=0.006) within the LNM microenvironment. Conclusions:This DESI-MSI-based study identified disruptions in amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism within OSCC metastatic lymph node tissues. The associated differentially abundant metabolites represent potential candidate molecules for diagnosing OSCC LNM.

Oral and maxillofacial tumors significantly impact human health,with oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)being par-ticularly prevalent among head and neck tumors.At present,traditional research in this area has largely relied on genomics,pro-teomics,and transcriptomics,which involve the homogenization of tissue specimens and result in the loss of critical temporal and spatial tissue information.In contrast,spatial metabolomics,an emerging field,allows for the in-situ analysis of fresh tissue sam-ples,preserving this essential information.This article reviews the application of spatial metabolomics in OSCC research,highlight-ing its potential to enhance understanding of cancer pathogenesis directly within the tissue context.

Objective:To uncover alterations in the metabolic microenvironment of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and identify potential metabolic biomarkers for the early diagnosis of LNM using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) spatial metabolomics.Methods:Six OSCC patients with LNM, who underwent neck dissection surgery at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University between October 2020 and October 2022, were enrolled. Matched metastatically involved (positive) and benign (negative) lymph node tissue samples were collected and analyzed using DESI-MSI. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to identify differentially abundant metabolites. The diagnostic efficacy of these metabolites was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Finally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed to determine the implicated metabolic pathways.Results:A total of 62 and 29 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in the metastatically involved lymph nodes compared to benign lymph nodes under positive-ion mode and negative-ion mode, respectively. These metabolites were predominantly amino acids and lipids. Four metabolites common to both ionization modes were selected for ROC curve analysis: phenylalanine, phosphoethanolamine, histidine, and taurine. The area under the curve values were 0.861, 0.802, 0.729, and 0.722, respectively, indicating promising diagnostic performance. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed significantly heightened activity in Amino acid metabolism ( P=0.469) and Glycerophospholipid metabolism ( P=0.006) within the LNM microenvironment. Conclusions:This DESI-MSI-based study identified disruptions in amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism within OSCC metastatic lymph node tissues. The associated differentially abundant metabolites represent potential candidate molecules for diagnosing OSCC LNM.

Oral and maxillofacial tumors significantly impact human health,with oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)being par-ticularly prevalent among head and neck tumors.At present,traditional research in this area has largely relied on genomics,pro-teomics,and transcriptomics,which involve the homogenization of tissue specimens and result in the loss of critical temporal and spatial tissue information.In contrast,spatial metabolomics,an emerging field,allows for the in-situ analysis of fresh tissue sam-ples,preserving this essential information.This article reviews the application of spatial metabolomics in OSCC research,highlight-ing its potential to enhance understanding of cancer pathogenesis directly within the tissue context.

Objective To analyze the publication profile and research hotspots of studies at home and abroad on postoperative cognitive dysfunction by bibliometric methods. Methods Literatures related to postoperative cognitive dysfunction published in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science databases from 2013 to 2023 were included, and statistical analysis was conducted by CiteSpace software. Results A total of 2 705 Chinese literatures and 2 412 English core literatures were included. The number of literatures on postoperative cognitive dysfunction showed an annual increase from 2013 to 2023; China was the country with the highest number of publications internationally, with Capital Medical University ranking the top among Chinese institutions; domestically, postoperative cognitive dysfunction researches predominantly focused on clinical studies, while overseas researches emphasized pathological mechanisms and basic investigations. Research hotspot analysis revealed an enhanced interest in the inflammatory mechanisms and anesthetic aspects of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion From 2013 to 2023, the overall research at home and abroad interest in postoperative cognitive dysfunction has shown an upward trend, yet its pathophysiological mechanisms need further exploration. The risk factors for postoperative cognitive impairment and their correlations with anesthesia and mortality are being actively explored, and new methods for prevention and treatment such as percutaneous electrical stimulation are gradually emerging.

Frailty is related to the aging of the elderly, characterized by the decline of multi-system physiological functions and the increase of susceptibility. Both frailty and brain function decline are associated with age increase, and brain health can affect the postoperative outcomes and long-term quality of life in elderly patients. This paper provided a review on the relationship between frailty and brain health, specifically elaborating on the relationships of frailty with olfactory function decline, sleep disorders, and cognitive function, and aimed to remind medical staffs to pay attention to the frailty and brain function status of elderly patients, strengthen early evaluation and intervention, and improve the quality of life of elderly patients.

Objective To explore the problems and countermeasures during the implementation of after-sale service of the medical equipment.Methods The common problems and their causes during after-sale service were analyzed,and some countermeasures were proposed from the aspects of signing purchase contract,acceptance check,operation quality,overall evaluation,personnel and etc.Results Strengthened after-sale service contributed to enhancing the medical equipment in operation quality,medical safety and efficiency.Conclusion It is important to take corresponding measures during after-sale service to improve operation quality and decrease operation cost of the medical equipment.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to detect the expression level of interleukin-23 (IL-23) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissues and its relationship with clinical prognosis, as well as explore the anti-apoptotic and drug resistance of the tongue squamous cell line-SCC9 before and after treatment with IL-23.

METHODSThe expression of IL-23 in tumor tissues from 28 tongue cancer patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of Wingless-related integration site (Wnt)1 and c-myc in SCC9 cells treated with different IL-23 concentrations. After interferencing the β-catenin with small interfering RNA (siRNA), the expression of β-catenin, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2), and permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) in SCC9 was measured by Western blot analysis. The effect of IL-23 on the apoptotic resistance of SCC9 to cisplatin was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium test.

RESULTSThe expression of IL-23 in tongue cancer tissues was correlated with lymphatic metastasis, nerve invasion, and the recurrence after therapy (P<0.05). After dealing with IL-23, SCC9 showed the upregulation effect of Bcl-2, ABCG2 and P-gp expressions. IL-23 was closely related to the activation level of the Wnt pathway and significantly strengthened the resistance to cisplatin (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONIL-23 activates the Wnt pathway in tongue squamous cell carcinoma, thereby enhancing its resistance to apoptosis and drug.

Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-23 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-23 Subunit p19 ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tongue Neoplasms ; metabolism ; beta Catenin ; metabolism