Periodontal disease is a risk factor for many systemic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Cleft palate (CP), the most common congenital craniofacial defect, has a multifaceted etiology influenced by complex genetic and environmental risk factors such as maternal bacterial or virus infection. A prior case-control study revealed a surprisingly strong association between maternal periodontal disease and CP in offspring. However, the precise relationship remains unclear. In this study, the relationship between maternal oral pathogen and CP in offspring was studied by sonicated P. gingivalis injected intravenously and orally into pregnant mice. We investigated an obvious increasing CP (12.5%) in sonicated P. gingivalis group which had inhibited osteogenesis in mesenchyme and blocked efferocytosis in epithelium. Then glycolysis and H4K12 lactylation (H4K12la) were detected to elevate in both mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells and macrophages under P. gingivalis exposure which further promoted the transcription of metallopeptidase domain17 (ADAM17), subsequently mediated the shedding of transforming growth factor-beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) in MEPM cells and mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) in macrophages and resulted in the suppression of efferocytosis and osteogenesis in palate, eventually caused abnormalities in palate fusion and ossification. The abnormal efferocytosis also led to a predominance of M1 macrophages, which indirectly inhibited palatal osteogenesis via extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, pharmacological ADAM17 inhibition could ameliorate the abnormality of P. gingivalis-induced abnormal palate development. Therefore, our study extends the knowledge of how maternal oral pathogen affects fetal palate development and provides a novel perspective to understand the pathogenesis of CP.
Animals ; Female ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Pregnancy ; Mice ; Cleft Palate/etiology* ; Glycolysis

The paper discussed the current status of the community-based home care of the elderly, mainly studying on present situation of the community elderly quality of life and six aspects of influencing factors such as age, health, economy and so on. From the three aspects of daily life care, specialized care and individualized care, care needs of the elderly were reviewed. The results showed that our country should develop the community elderly services, in particular, nursing services, to meet the demand and development of healthy aging and the positive aging society.

Objective To determine the median effective target plasma concentration (EC50) of propofol inhibiting the response to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion when combined with dexmedetomidine.Methods ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 20-60 yr,with body mass index 20-25 kg/m2,scheduled for surgeries under general anesthesia,were studied.EC50 of propofol was determined by modified Dixon' s up-and-down sequential experiment.After dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg was infused over 10 min,propofol was infused by targetcontrolled infusion.The initial target plasma concentration of propofol was set at 3.0 μg/ml.LMA was inserted when the target effect-site concentration of propofol and target plasma concentration of propofol reached the balance and BIS value was 50-60.Each time the target concentration increased/decreased by 0.2 μg/ml according to the occurrence of the response to LMA insertion.The response to LMA insertion was defined as the occurrence of coughing,body movement,laryngospasm or systemic voluntary movement.EC50 and 95 ％ confidence interval (CI)of propofol for inhibition of the response to LMA insertion were calculated.Results The EC50 of propofol required for inhibition of the response to LMA insertion was 2.351 (95％ Cl 1.737-2.600) μg/ml when combined with dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg.Conclusion The EC50 of propofol inhibiting the response to LMA insertion is 2.351 μg/ml when combined with dexmedetomidine.