Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a common acute abdomen in newborns, while intestinal stricture is one of the frequent complications of NEC.Post-NEC stricture often occurs in the colon, and has clinical features such as vomiting, abdominal distension and bloody stools.This complication has a high incidence, high risk of death, and is also affected by multiple factors such as disease severity, treatment method and recovery time of enteral nutrition.Early prediction, diagnosis and intervention can reduce the adverse effects of the disease on the growth and development of children.This article reviews the clinical characteristics, influencing factors and prediction of the post-NEC stricture.

The level of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the serum of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was higher than that of normal women. In recent years, more and more studies have suggested that the interaction between AMH and androgen causes follicular developmental disorder in PCOS patients, and AMH can be used as a biochemical indicator for the diagnosis of PCOS, especially in PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism. This paper reviews the prospects and challenges of AMH in the diagnosis of PCOS.

The level of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the serum of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was higher than that of normal women. In recent years, more and more studies have suggested that the interaction between AMH and androgen causes follicular developmental disorder in PCOS patients, and AMH can be used as a biochemical indicator for the diagnosis of PCOS, especially in PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism. This paper reviews the prospects and challenges of AMH in the diagnosis of PCOS.

The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of geniposide against Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, geniposide was administered as a precaution drug, a direct deactivation drug or a treatment drug at different doses. Peramivir was applied as a positive control. The quantitative colorimetric MTT assay was applied to test both the cytotoxicity of geniposide on Madin-Darby Canine Kidney(MDCK)cells and the cytopathogenic effect(CPE)of geniposide on MDCK cells infected by influenza A(H1N1)virus. The viral inhibitory rate of geniposide on NT0901 was also calculated. In vivo, we presented a mouse model of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. Geniposide(5, 10, or 20 mg/kg)or peramivir(30mg/kg)were used as treatment procedures. Lung index and the survival rate were calculated to evaluate the therapeutic effects of geniposide or peramivir on NT0901-infected mice. Haematoxylin and eosin(H&E)stain was used to access the pathological alterations of lung tissues. The study in vitro demonstrated that the TD50(median toxic dose)of geniposide was higher than 1 040 μmol/L. Besides, the EC50(concentration for 50% of maximal effect)of geniposide administered for precaution, direct deactivation and therapy were 91. 90, 96. 25, 87. 68 μmol/L, respectively. These results suggested that geniposide could block the damage of NT0901 on MDCK cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results in vivo showed that geniposide could significantly alleviate the lung index elevation and inflammatory responses in lung tissues induced by NT0901, reduce the mortality of infected mice and extend their survival time. In conclusion, our investigation indicates that geniposide is highly effective in inhibiting cytopathogenic effect and acute lung injury caused by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Geniposide may be a potential therapeutic agent for the suppression of influenza virus.

OBJECTIVESTo assess the incidence of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency among patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) in southern Chinese and evaluate clinical outcome and gene mutations in tetrahydrobiopterin deficient patients.

METHODSUrinary neopterin (N) and biopterin (B) was analyzed in 87 patients with hyperphenylalaninemia by high-performance liquid chromatography. Further combined loading tests with phenylalanine (Phe) (100 mg/kg) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) (7.5 mg/kg) were performed in suspected patients with abnormal urinary pterin profiles. Gene mutation analysis was performed for patients with BH4 deficiency and their parents. BH4 deficient patients were treated with BH4 and neurotransmitter precursors after diagnosis. Blood phenylalanine levels, clinical symptoms and mental development were followed up.

RESULTSEleven patients were diagnosed as having BH4 deficiency caused by 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) deficiency. The incidence of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency among patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) in southern Chinese was 10%. Combined loading tests with phenylalanine and oral BH4 were done in 4 of 11 patients and their phenylalanine levels were decreased to normal 4 - 6h after BH4 administration. Four different mutations (P87S, N52S, D96N and G144R) in the PTPS gene were detected in 5 families. Five PTPS-deficient patients were treated with synthetic BH4, neurotransmitter precursors (L-dopa plus carbidopa, and 5-hydroxytryptophan). They had satisfactory physical and mental development after treatment. One patient with partial PTPS deficiency had normal growth and mental development without treatment.

CONCLUSIONSOur results emphasize that screening for BH4 deficiency should be carried out in all patients with hyperphenylalaninemia in order to minimize the misdiagnosis. Patients with BH4 deficiency should be treated early with BH4 and a combination of neurotransmitter precursors.

Biopterin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; deficiency ; urine ; China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Complementary ; chemistry ; genetics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Mutation, Missense ; Neopterin ; urine ; Phenylketonurias ; blood ; enzymology ; genetics ; Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective　 To find out the incidence of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (BH4D) among patients with hyperphenylalaninemia in Southern Chinese and evaluate the clinical outcome and gene mutations of tetrahydrobiopterin deficient patients. Methods　 Analyses of urinary neopterin(N) and biopterin(B) were done in 87 patients with hyperphenylalaninemia by high-performance liquid chromatography. The patients with BH4 deficiency and their parents were asked to undergo the gene mutation analysis and the patients were treated and followed up. Results　Eleven cases of which the urinary N/B ratio was higher than 38 and B% lower than 5% were diagnosed as BH4 deficiency caused by 6-pyruvoyl- tetrahydropterin synthase(PTPS) deficiency. The incidence of BH4 deficiency among patients with hyperphenylalaninemia is 12% in Southern Chinese. PTPS gene mutations(P87S,N52S,D96N and G144R) were detected from 5 PTPS deficient families. The G144R mutation is a new mutation. The five PTPS-deficient patients were treated with synthetic BH4, neurotransmitter precursors L-dopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan. They had satisfactory physical and mental development after treatment, and 4 of them scored their IQ 70-80. Conclusion　 The screening for BH4 deficiency should be carried out in all patients with hyperphenylalaninemia in order to minimize the misdiagnoses.