Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's dysfunctional response to infection.Sepsis involves complex immune and inflammatory responses that lead to organ microcirculation dysfunction，cellular mitochondrial dysfunction，and induced cell death.Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of peroxides. It is widely activated in sepsis-induced multiple organ injury. The underlying mechanisms involve lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial damage, glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibition, iron metabolism dysregulation, p53 gene regulation, and dysfunction of the Xc-antiporter system. This review focused on the relationship between ferroptosis,its key mechanisms and sepsis-related organ injury, providing new insights for potential therapeutic strategies.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's dysfunctional response to infection.Sepsis involves complex immune and inflammatory responses that lead to organ microcirculation dysfunction，cellular mitochondrial dysfunction，and induced cell death.Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of peroxides. It is widely activated in sepsis-induced multiple organ injury. The underlying mechanisms involve lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial damage, glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibition, iron metabolism dysregulation, p53 gene regulation, and dysfunction of the Xc-antiporter system. This review focused on the relationship between ferroptosis,its key mechanisms and sepsis-related organ injury, providing new insights for potential therapeutic strategies.

Objective To study preparation of micronized Shuanghuangpo hydrogel patch and its characteristics of transdermal penetration in vitro. Methods Micronized Shuanghuangpo hydrogel patch was prepared with some macromolecular water-soluble materials as gel base.The content of berberine was determined by HPLC method.Its transdermal penetration in vitro was determined according to the method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition. The rat skin penetration test in vitro was performed by modified Franz diffusion cell method. Results The hydrogel patch had constant content of berberine. Its release property in vitro conformed to Higuchi equation. The penetration of berberine in the hydrogel patch through the rat skin followed zero-order dynamics in 12 h.Its release rate was 7.934μg??(cm2)-1??h1/2 and percutaneous rate was 0.571μg??(cm2)-1??h-1. Conclusion The micronized Shuanghuangpo hydrogel patch is a new transdermal agent with sustained release property.

The interferon-γ testing and the comparative cervical skin test were compared with the simple cervical hypersensitivity test routinely used in our country in herds infected with Mycobacterium bovis, in which 167 infected cattle from 5 herds were tested with interferon-γ testing and the comparative cervical test (CCT) simultaneously and other 106 cattle were tested with other hypersensitivity tests used as control for comparison. In these 167 cattle tested with both tests, 89 cattle were proved to be positive both in interferon-γ testing and CCT using the bovine PPD of Netherland with a coincidence rate of 92.7% (89/96). In 106 cattle the coincidence rate of positive reactions detected by γ-interferon test and CCT was 93.41% (78/83.5), that detected by the routine skin of foreign country was 62.26%(66/106); and that between the hypersensitivity test of China and foreign country was 92.19% (59/64). It is obvious that the interferon-γ testing and CCT seem to have higher coincidence rate and the specificity of the skin tests used in our country was rather low. Consequently, the use of the comparative cervical skin test should be considered to replace the routinely used shin tests.