Depression is a common mental disorder characterized primarily by low mood accompanied by cognitive and behavioral changes. The commonly used antidepressants are not fast onset. Even with a long term pharmacotherapy, relapse rate is still quite high. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has been increasingly used in the treatment of depression in recent years. Since depression is associated with abnormalities in endogenous neural oscillations and synaptic plasticity in the brain, tACS can influence these process, thereby treating depression. Different frequencies of tACS stimulation can improve depressive symptoms, with gamma (γ) and alpha (α) frequencies receiving the most attention. This article primarily reviews the potential mechanisms of tACS and the application of tACS at different frequencies in treating depression, aiming to further explore the feasibility of tACS in the treatment of depression.

Cognitive dysfunction is the impairment of higher brain functions.Cognitive impairment caused by neuropsychiatric diseases has caused serious impact on patients'quality of life and the outcome of the disease.The transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)improves cognitive function by modulating neural oscillations of specific frequencies,affecting the release of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine,and enhancing local and distal synchronization of brain networks.Specific frequencies of tACS can improve the cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer disease(AD),schizophrenia,and depression,among which the gamma and theta frequencies of tACS have the most significant effects on cognitive function.tACS has high safety and low operational difficulty,and has great potential to improve cognitive function.

Depression is a common mental disorder characterized primarily by low mood accompanied by cognitive and behavioral changes. The commonly used antidepressants are not fast onset. Even with a long term pharmacotherapy, relapse rate is still quite high. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has been increasingly used in the treatment of depression in recent years. Since depression is associated with abnormalities in endogenous neural oscillations and synaptic plasticity in the brain, tACS can influence these process, thereby treating depression. Different frequencies of tACS stimulation can improve depressive symptoms, with gamma (γ) and alpha (α) frequencies receiving the most attention. This article primarily reviews the potential mechanisms of tACS and the application of tACS at different frequencies in treating depression, aiming to further explore the feasibility of tACS in the treatment of depression.

ObjectiveTo investigate the willingness of middle school students to engage in medicine and its influencing factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Lanzhou， so as to provide references for the early career planning education on middle school students. MethodsConvenient sampling method was used to choose 1 795 middle school students from 5 schools in Lanzhou from July 21 to July 31， 2022 for this study where an online questionnaire survey was distributed to collect data. A self-compiled questionnaire was used to gather the general information， assess the willingness to engage in medicine and seek the underlying reasons. The psychological resilience level of students was assessed using Resilience Scale for Adolescents. Then multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to screen the factors associated with the willingness of middle school students to engage in medicine. ResultsAfter the local outbreak of COVID-19 in Lanzhou， 835 （46.52%） middle school students demonstrated their willingness to engage in medicine， and the top three reasons for their willingness were being affected by medical staff during the pandemic （75.69%）， having interests in medical sciences （67.31%）， and the potential increase of attention to national medical development after the epidemic （43.23%）. Logistical regression analysis showed that female gender （OR=1.438， P<0.01）， family members engaged in the medical and health industry （OR=1.574， P<0.01） and having a high psychological resilience score （OR=1.011， P<0.01） were related to the clear willingness to engage in medicine， while studying in senior middle school （OR=0.473， P<0.01） and excessive exposure （≥50%） to negative information during the epidemic （OR=0.797， P<0.05） were related to declining willingness to engage in medicine. ConclusionAfter the COVID-19 outbreak in Lanzhou， a large proportion of local middle school students show their willingness to engage in medicine， especially among those of female gender， having family members engaged in the medical and health industry and having high level of psychological resilience. Whereas students studying in senior middle school and with excessive exposure to negative information during the outbreak indicate low willingness to engage in medicine.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Shuganjieyu capsule combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of depression.Methods Eighty outpatients and inpatients with depression who sought medical care in the Department of Mental Health,Second Hospital Affiliated to Lanzhou University were randomly divided into 2 groups,the study group and the control group,each consisting of 40 patients.The study group was treated with Shuganjieyu capsule combined with rTMS,while the control group received selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).Clinical efficacy and rate of adverse reactions were evaluated before treatment and 1,2,4 and 6 courses after treatment,by using Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS).Results After 4 courses of treatment,total efficacy rate of the study group was 92.5％,while that of the control group was 90.0％.No statistical significance could be noted when comparisons were made between them (P ＞ 0.05).After 1 to 2 courses of treatment,HAMD scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).However,after 3 and 6 courses of treatment,there were no statistical differences in treatment efficacy (P ＞ 0.05).After 6 courses of treatment,the descending rate in the severe depression patients of the study group was (57.0 ± 17.0) ％,which was obviously lower than that of the control group (62.0 ± 19.0) ％.Statistical significance could be noted when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.05).Evaluations of TESS scores in the 1st,2nd,4th,and 6th week after treatment indicated that the rate of adverse reactions in the control group was 42.5％,which was significantly higher than that of the study group (7.5％).Statistical significance could be found when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Treatment by ShuganJieyu capsule combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has the advantages of faster efficacy,better safty and less adverse reactions in the treatment of depression,and could produce better effect on those patients with mild and moderate depression.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Shuganjieyu capsule combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of depression.Methods Eighty outpatients and inpatients with depression who sought medical care in the Department of Mental Health,Second Hospital Affiliated to Lanzhou University were randomly divided into 2 groups,the study group and the control group,each consisting of 40 patients.The study group was treated with Shuganjieyu capsule combined with rTMS,while the control group received selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).Clinical efficacy and rate of adverse reactions were evaluated before treatment and 1,2,4 and 6 courses after treatment,by using Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS).Results After 4 courses of treatment,total efficacy rate of the study group was 92.5％,while that of the control group was 90.0％.No statistical significance could be noted when comparisons were made between them (P ＞ 0.05).After 1 to 2 courses of treatment,HAMD scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).However,after 3 and 6 courses of treatment,there were no statistical differences in treatment efficacy (P ＞ 0.05).After 6 courses of treatment,the descending rate in the severe depression patients of the study group was (57.0 ± 17.0) ％,which was obviously lower than that of the control group (62.0 ± 19.0) ％.Statistical significance could be noted when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.05).Evaluations of TESS scores in the 1st,2nd,4th,and 6th week after treatment indicated that the rate of adverse reactions in the control group was 42.5％,which was significantly higher than that of the study group (7.5％).Statistical significance could be found when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Treatment by ShuganJieyu capsule combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has the advantages of faster efficacy,better safty and less adverse reactions in the treatment of depression,and could produce better effect on those patients with mild and moderate depression.