Objective:The components of Rubus parvifolius L. were analyzed based on UPLC-MS/MS technology and combined with network pharmacology analysis to explore the mechanism of action of Rubi Parvifolii Radix in treating inflammation, cough, fever, influenza and sore throat. Method:The chemical constituents of Rubi Parvifolii Radix were identified according to the information of mass spectrometry. The network pharmacology was used to analyze the corresponding targets and related pathways of its chemical components, and the "component-target-pathway" interaction diagram was drawn. PyMOL 2.5.7 software wasused to perform molecular docking between active components and key targets.Results:Twenty chemical components were identified by UPLC-MS/MS, and 15 components were screened out by network pharmacology, which can be used as quality markers of Rubi Parvifolii Radix, namely Azelaic acid, Procyanidol B3, Caprolactam, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, Cryptochlorogenic acid, 3-O-Feruloylquinic, Ellagic acid, Aurantiamide acetate, 2 α,3 β,19 α,23-Tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, L-Epicatechin, (E)-3-Indoleacrylic acid, Euscaphic acid, Suberic acid, Diisononyl phthalate and Prodelphinidin T4. Molecular docking showed that 5 compounds compared with the reference substance could bind to the target proteins of disease well. Conclusions:The 15 active ingredients in Rubi Parvifolii Radix, including Caprolactam and (E)-3-Indoleacrylic acid, may play a therapeutic role in treating colds, high fever, sore throat, and inflammation by acting on targets such as AKT1 and TNF. This provides a certain reference for the clinical application of Rubi Parvifolii Radix.

Objective:To identify the components of Prunus mume f. viridicalyx based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-QE-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS); To predict and analyze its substances and mechanisms to exert anti-depression effects combined with network pharmacology.Methods:UPLC-QE Orbitrap MS technology was used to analyze the chemical components of Prunus mume f. viridicalyx. Based on ChemSpider, mzCloud online platform, orbitrap TCM library and existing literature research, the secondary mass spectra of target compounds were compared and confirmed to identify the chemical composition of Prunus mume f. viridicalyx. The active components of the Prunus mume f. viridicalyx were screened. The Swiss Target Prediction database was used to predict targets with high correlation to active components in Prunus mume f. viridicalyx, and obtaining depression related disease targets from GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The intersection targets of constituents and diseases were obtained using Venny platform. Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed by using String database, and the core targets were screened. Gene ontology function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis of potential core targets were performed by using David database, and "active component-core target-signal pathway" network was constructed. PyMOL software was used to perform molecular docking between active components and key targets.Results:A total of 54 components, including organic acids, flavonoids and their glycosides, alkaloid, amino acids and other compounds were identified from Prunus mume f. viridicalyx. A total of 22 active components were screened and 92 active components and disease intersection targets were identified. A total of 13 core targets were screened through PPI network, including tumor necrosis factor, albumin, amyloid beta-protein precursor, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 and so on. Enrichment analysis showed that Prunus mume f. viridicalyx mainly participated in transcription from RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter, gene expression, protein binding and other functions, and presented the effects of anti-depression through MAPK, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and other pathways. 12 key targets and 7 key active components were further obtained through the analysis of the "active component-core target-signal pathway" network, three of them were confirmed as kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin by reference substance. Molecular docking showed that 3 compounds could bind to the target proteins of depression well.Conclusion:Prunus mume f. viridicalyx exerts antidepressant effects through multiple components, targets, and pathways, mainly through the MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective:To establish UPLC fingerprint method and 2 contents determination methods of Buddleja officinalis; To provide a reference for improving the quality control standard and evaluation of Buddleja officinalis from different habitats.Methods:UPLC method was used to establish the fingerprints of 17 batches of Buddleja officinalis. The similarity evaluation, clustering analysis, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to compare the quality differences of Buddleja officinalis from different habitats. The contents of acteoside and linarin in Buddleja officinalis were determined.Results:There were 12 common peaks in UPLC fingerprints of Buddleja officinalis, six of which were identified as echinacoside, acteoside, cynaroside, isoacteoside, linarin, and apigenin. The fingerprint similarity of 17 batches of Buddleja officinalis was more than 0.9; Buddleja officinalis from different habitats were classified into 2 groups. Five differential markers were determined by OPLS-DA analysis. The order of significance was acteoside > peak 3 > echinacoside > isoacteoside > linarin. Edgeworthia chrysantha was identified by the method of fingerprint as counterfeit. The results of content determination showed that the content of Buddleja officinalis in Hubei and Sichuan was the high and stable.Conclusion:The method can effectively analyze the differences of Buddleja officinalis from different habitats, and provide reference for the quality control of Buddleja officinalis.

Objective:To comprehensively evaluated the quality of Sargentodoxae Caulis from different habitats with a combination of indexes and characteristic chromatogram method from Chinese Pharmcopoeia (Edition 2020). Methods:The contents of water content, total ash, ethanolic extract, sulfur dioxide residue, heavy metals and harmful elements, total phenols, chlorogenic acid, salidroside and characteristic chromatogram of 17 batches of Sargentodoxae Caulis were determined. The quality of Sargentodoxae Caulis was comprehensively evaluated by combining chemical pattern recognition method. Results:The water content, total ash content, extracts, and content determination of 17 batches of Sargentodoxae Caulis from different habitats complyed with the provisions of the Chinese Pharmcopoeia (Edition 2020). There were differences in the contents of extracts, chlorogenic acid, and salidroside, among which the content of Anhui origin was higher. A total of 8 common peaks were identified from the 17 batches samples. Conclusion:Comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators can demonstrate the quality of Sargentodoxae Caulis more correctly, and shows that the quality of Sargentodoxae Caulis from different habitats is different. The quality of Sargentodoxae Caulis from Anhui is better than that from other habitats.

Objective To investigate the relationship between disease courses and severity and monocyte subsets distribution and surface CD31 intensity in patients of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Methods Peripheral blood samples from 29 HFRS patients and 13 normal controls were collected. The dynamic changes of classical monocyte subsets (CD14⁺⁺CD16^-), intermediated monocyte subsets (CD14⁺⁺CD16⁺) and non-classical monocyte subsets (CD14⁺CD16⁺⁺) and the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD31 on monocyte subsets were detected by multiple-immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Results In acute phase of HFRS, the ratio of classical monocyte subsets to total monocytes was dramatically decreased compared to convalescent phase and normal control. It was still much lower in convalescent phase compared to normal controls. The ratio of classical monocyte subsets to total monocytes were decreased in HFRS patients compared to that in normal control, whereas there was no difference between severe/critical groups and mild/moderate groups. On the contrary, the ratio of intermediate monocyte subsets to total monocytes in acute phase of HFRS was significantly increased compared to convalescent phase and normal control. The ratio of intermediate monocyte subsets to total monocytes were increased in HFRS patients compared to that in normal control, whereas no difference was found between severe/critical groups and mild/moderate groups. Phases or severity groups had no difference in ratio of non-classical monocyte subsets to total monocytes. Additionally, the ratio of classical monocyte subsets had a tendency to decline and that of intermediate monocyte subsets showed an increase both to total monocytes between the acute and convalescent phases in 11 HFRS patients with paired-samples. Moreover, in acute phase of HFRS, the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD31 on three monocyte subsets all decreased, specifically classical monocyte subsets showed the highest MFI of CD31 while the normal control reported the highest MFI of CD31 in non-classical monocyte subsets. In convalescent phase, the MFI of CD31 on classical and intermediated monocyte subsets were both lower than that of normal control, while MFI of CD31 was still significantly lower than normal control on non-classical monocyte subsets. Finally, MFI of CD31 on classical and intermediated monocyte subsets in severe/critical group were both lower than those in mild/moderate group, showing no statistical difference in MFI of CD31 on non-classical monocyte subset across groups of different disease severity. Conclusion The ratio of classical and intermediated monocyte subsets to total monocytes are correlated with the course of HFRS, and so are the surface intensity of CD31 on these monocyte subsets with the disease course and severity. The surface intensity of CD31 on non-classical monocyte subsets, however, is correlated only with the course of the disease. Together, the underlying mechanisms for the observed changes in monocyte subsets in HFRS patients should be further investigated.
Humans ; Monocytes ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Receptors, IgG ; Disease Progression

Urinary retention is a common complication of bedridden patients in traumatic orthopedics. The severe condition can even cause permanent bladder injury and renal failure, which brings great pain and psychological pressure to patients and seriously hinders their rehabilitation. The traditional Chinese medicine appropriate technologies have the characteristics of safety, effectiveness, low cost, simplicity and easy learning and achieve good clinical effects in the prevention and treatment of bedridden patients with urinary retention in traumatic orthopaedics, including Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion, massage, etc. The authors summarize the research progress in appropriate technologies of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of bedridden patients with urinary retention in traumatic orthopedics from aspects of action principles, operation methods and effects of acupuncture points, moxibustion therapy, manipulation therapy, external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and acupoint injection, so as to provide a reference for further nursing research and clinical application.

Objective:To monitor the cerebral vascular blood flow parameters in the early stage of simulated acute exposure to high altitude hypoxia by transcranial color Doppler (TCCD), and to evaluate the change trend of cerebral hemodynamics and cerebrovascular reactivity.Methods:Sixty-four healthy volunteers were selected to observe the changes of peak systolic flow velocity(Vs), end diastolic flow velocity(Vd), mean flow velocity(Vm), resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of middle cerebral artery (MCA) 30 minutes after they quickly entered the simulated altitude of 4 500 meters. Combined with breath holding test, breath holding index (BHI) was used to evaluate cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), and subjects were divided into ≤30 years old group and >30 years old group, and the changes of CVR after hypoxia of the two groups were compared.Results:In the early stage of hypoxic environment, compared with baseline, SpO 2 decreased, heart rate increased, and blood flow velocity of middle cerebral artery(Vs, Vd, Vm) increased significantly, BHI showed a decreasing trend (all P<0.01). After hypoxia, the BHI rate of change in >30 years old was lower than that of the subjects ≤30 years old ( P<0.05). After breath holding, cerebral blood flow velocity increased significantly, PI and RI decreased significantly (all P<0.01). Conclusions:Cerebral blood flow is very sensitive to hypoxia. The application of TCCD technology can evaluate the trend of cerebral blood flow dynamics and cerebrovascular reserve capacity in real time and accurately, which is helpful to provide objective basis and research basis for the prevention and treatment of high altitude hypoxia.

OBJECTIVE：To compare the chemical components in Sinapis alba before and after stir-frying. METHODS ： UPLC-Q-Exactive Obitrap MS was adopted to analyze chemical constituents of S. alba before and after stir-frying. The determination was performed on Waters CORTECS T 3 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol- 0.1％ formic acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the sample size was 2 μL. High resolution MS adopted heating electrospray electron source ，positive ion scanning mode ，scanning range m/z 120-1 000. The chemical constituents of S. alba before and after stir-frying were identified by Compound Discover 3.2 software combined with relevant database ，and the content changes of chemical constituents were analyzed by using peak area. Chemometrics analysis was performed for the content changes of chemical constituents using peak area as variable. RESULTS ：A total of 54 chemical components were identified in S. alba ，mainly fatty acids （represented by erucic acid ），alkaloids（represented by sinapine ）， flavonoids. After stir-frying ，the contents of 19 chemical components changed significantly ，of which the contents of 10 components decreased significantly and those of 9 components increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis could clearly distinguish S. alba from stir-fried S. alba . CONCLUSIONS ：The contents of some chemical components of S. alba change significantly after stir-frying ，which may be one of the important reasons for the change of efficacy after stir-frying.

Objective To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of osteosarcoma in China and analyze the incidence and clinical treatment of osteosarcoma.Methods The clinical data of 1 593 patients with osteosarcoma in 7 bone cancer treatment centers from January 2000 to February 2017 were analyzed.We retrieved large samples of documents in the database,extracted the relevant data and compared the data with this study.SPSS 13 software was used for statistical analysis and each factor was tested by x2.Results Of 1 593 patients,984 were males and 609 were females.The ratio of male to female was 1.62∶ 1.The average age was 23.2 years (range from 3-80 years).The peak age of onset was 11-20 years (52.4％).There were 217 elderly patients (＞ 40 years old).The tumors occurred in 1 524 limbs and 69 in axial bone.The most common sites of disease were distal femur 706 cases,proximal tibia 375 cases,distal humerus 117 cases and others 395 cases.There were 1 154 cases (71％) around the knee joint.The axial bone included 18 cases of spine,49 cases of pelvis and 2 cases of rib.Preoperative biopsy was performed in 1 111 cases and incisional biopsy in 280 cases.Preoperative diagnosis could be made in 1 345 cases (84.4％ of all patients,accounting for 96.7％ of biopsy patients).There were 79 cases with metastasis at first visit,accounting for 5％.Preoperative chemotherapy was performed in 1 185 cases (74.4％).With the DIA preoperative chemotherapy 271 cases,DIA+MTX 251 cases,AP 149 cases.220 cases of tumor cell necrosis rate was evaluated after operationaccording to the Huvos classification.There were78 cases of grade Ⅰ,105 cases of Ⅱ grade,35 cases of Ⅲ and 2 cases of grade Ⅳ.There were 1 299 cases undergoingpostoperative chemotherapy (81.5％),1 306 patients undergoinglimb salvage surgery (82％).Thespecific operation with prosthetic replacement is the most common (911 cases,69.8％).The postoperative chemotherapy included DIA+MTX regimen 471 cases,DIA regimen 266 cases and AP regimen 98 cases.Before and after the operation,379 cases were treated with the same chemotherapy regimen and 666 cases were changed.A total of 18 large sample documents were retrieved in Chinese data base (5 684 cases).The sex ratio,age range,peak incidence and location of the disease were similar to those of this study.The average age was 1-2 years old younger.The percentage of lung metastases associated with initial visits washigher.The rate of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy and limb salvage waslowand the rate of tumor necrosis wasbetter after chemotherapy.A total of 22 large sample literatures were searched in foreign database (12 850 cases).The ratio of men and women is 1.30∶1 and the proportion of women is higher than the domestic data.The average age was 1-2 years older.The ratio of the knee joint was lower.The percentage of lung metastases associated with initial visits washigher.The rate of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy and limb salvage were similar to that of this study and the rate of tumor necrosis was better after chemotherapy.Conclusion The general situation of the incidence of osteosarcoma (sex,age,location of the disease) is not significantly different from the previous reports both at home and abroad.In the treatment,preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy rate and limb salvage surgery rate have improved significantly compared with the past.The chemotherapy program from the coexistence of various programs,gradually to the DIA+MTX and DIA program as the mainstream program.

Objective To explore the effect of pre-filled catheter flushing device on the sealing of venous indwelling needle. Methods One hundred and sixteen patients with venous indwelling needle were assigned into observation group, in which pre-filled catheter flushing device was used to seal the needle tube and another 109 with venous indwelling needle as control group, in which the needle tube was sealed with 50U/mL heparin saline.The two groups were compared in terms of blockage of the tube, phlebitis, catheter-associated infection, indwelling time of the needle and time for nurses to seal it.Results The rates of blockage of catheter, phlebitis and catheter-associated infection of the observation group were all lower than those of the control group.The indwelling time of the needle was significantly longer than that in the control group.The time for nurses to seal the catheter was significantly shorter than that in the control group(all P<0.05). Conclusion Pre-filled catheter flushing device can reduce complication rate and improve working efficiency of nurses.