Objective To analyze the verification results of national laboratories involved in urinary sodium and potassium monitoring. Methods A total of 416 blinded verification samples from 32 monitoring laboratories, which participated in the national 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium detection verification comparison program in 2023 and 2024, were included as the study subjects. These samples were reanalyzed by both the monitoring laboratories and a reference laboratory using the ion-selective electrode method. Results The overall qualification rates for the 32 laboratories were 84.3% (182/216) in 2023 and 82.0% (164/200) in 2024, with 62.5% (20/32) achieving qualified results for two consecutive years. In 2023, centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) laboratories had higher qualification rates than the third-party laboratories for both 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium (95.2% vs 78.8%, 95.2% vs 75.8%, both P<0.05). This difference was not significant in 2024 (87.8% vs 78.0%, 90.2% vs 76.3%, both P>0.05). There was no significant difference in median absolute relative deviation of urinary sodium results from monitoring laboratories between 2023 and 2024 (2.7% vs 2.1%, P>0.05), whereas the median absolute relative deviation of urinary potassium results in 2024 was lower than that in 2023 (3.4% vs 8.4%, P<0.01). Conclusion The detection accuracy of national laboratories for urinary sodium and potassium monitoring shows an overall improving trend, with the accuracy of potassium measurement showing particular enhancement. There is no significant difference in the detection qualification rates between laboratories of the CDC and the third-party laboratories, suggesting that a sustained verification feedback mechanism is key to driving quality improvement.

Objective:To explore the effect on cardiac remodeling of combining high-intensity interval training with metformin in cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its possible mechanisms.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model, exercise, drug and combination groups with twelve per group. T1DM was induced in all except the control group using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg of body weight). The control and model groups were then housed without intervention, while the drug and exercise groups underwent metformin gavage (300mg/kg/day) or 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (3 sessions/week), respectively. The combination group receiving both. After the training, body weight, a cardiac index (heart weight/body weight), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured in all of the rats. Echocardiography assessed cardiac structure and function, and myocardial tissue was collected for HE or Masson staining to measure cardiomyocyte width and collagen volume fraction respectively. Protein expression and the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), collagen (Col), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), ryanodine receptor (RyR), and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) were determined using western blotting.Results:Compared with the control group, the model group showed significantly increased cardiac indices, FBG levels, and left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters. But they had significantly decreased body weight, left ventricular fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in the cardiomyocyte width and collagen volume fraction, as well as in ANP, BNP, TGF-β, and Col levels in the model group, along with downregulated PGC-1α, p-AMPK, RyR, and SERCA protein expression. Compared with the model group, the exercise, drug, and combination groups exhibited varying degrees of improvement in all these indicators, with the most pronounced effects in the combination group.Conclusions:High-intensity interval training combined with metformin promotes cardiac remodeling in T1DM rats, outperforming either intervention alone. The mechanism may involve minimizing myocardial fibrosis and pathological hypertrophy, restoring mitochondrial function and intracellular calcium homeostasis.

Objective:To explore the effect on cardiac remodeling of combining high-intensity interval training with metformin in cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its possible mechanisms.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model, exercise, drug and combination groups with twelve per group. T1DM was induced in all except the control group using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg of body weight). The control and model groups were then housed without intervention, while the drug and exercise groups underwent metformin gavage (300mg/kg/day) or 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (3 sessions/week), respectively. The combination group receiving both. After the training, body weight, a cardiac index (heart weight/body weight), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured in all of the rats. Echocardiography assessed cardiac structure and function, and myocardial tissue was collected for HE or Masson staining to measure cardiomyocyte width and collagen volume fraction respectively. Protein expression and the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), collagen (Col), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), ryanodine receptor (RyR), and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) were determined using western blotting.Results:Compared with the control group, the model group showed significantly increased cardiac indices, FBG levels, and left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters. But they had significantly decreased body weight, left ventricular fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in the cardiomyocyte width and collagen volume fraction, as well as in ANP, BNP, TGF-β, and Col levels in the model group, along with downregulated PGC-1α, p-AMPK, RyR, and SERCA protein expression. Compared with the model group, the exercise, drug, and combination groups exhibited varying degrees of improvement in all these indicators, with the most pronounced effects in the combination group.Conclusions:High-intensity interval training combined with metformin promotes cardiac remodeling in T1DM rats, outperforming either intervention alone. The mechanism may involve minimizing myocardial fibrosis and pathological hypertrophy, restoring mitochondrial function and intracellular calcium homeostasis.

Objective:To explore any effect of regular aerobic exercise on liver fibrosis in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its mechanism.Methods:Twenty-four 8-week-old male OLETF rats were randomly divided into a model sedentary group and a model exercise group, each of 12. Twelve age- and sex-matched LETO rats of the same strain were selected into the healthy control group. The model exercise group underwent treadmill exercise training for 12 weeks, while the other two groups undertook no exercise. After the training, fasting blood glucose, insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured using colorimetry. Liver tissue was resected to observe any histopathological changes using Masson staining and to measure the collagen volume fraction. Zymography was applied to determine the activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in the liver. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), MMP-12 and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) proteins in the liver were quantified using western blotting.Results:Compared with the healthy control group, the model sedentary group on average displayed a significant increase in body weight, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, liver collagen volume fraction, and the protein expression of TGF-β, αSMA, CCN1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-12. There was a significant decrease in the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 on average. Compared with the model sedentary group, the model exercise group on average displayed lower fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, and liver collagen volume fraction, as well as less expression of TGF-β, αSMA, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-12 protein. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was higher, as was the expression of CCN1 protein. There were no significant differences in average body weight between the model sedentary and exercise groups.Conclusion:Regular exercise can delay liver fibrosis, at least in NAFLD rats. The mechanism is related to inhibiting hepatic inflammatory response, the activation of hepatic stellate cells and improving extracellular matrix remodeling.

Objective: To understand the current status of main professional work in independent school health departments of Chinese centers for disease control and prevention, so as to provide reference and suggestions for the further development of school health work in China. Methods: Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the basic work of school health, the monitoring work, the intervention action of common diseases and the development of health intervention among students in independent school health departments of centers for disease control and prevention in China. Results: Among the 357 institutions that have set up independent school health departments, the implementation rates of school mental health work, safety emergency and risk avoidance health intervention were low, which were 11.8% and 11.5%, respectively. Relying on the project "national monitoring and intervention of common diseases and health influencing factors of students", the overall implementation of health monitoring in schools nationwide was successful, but the overall implementation rate of students nutritional status monitoring and "healthy parents action" were low, accounting for 44.5% and 24.4%, respectively. At the same time, there were still as many as 27.2% institutions that had not carried out the intervention action for common diseases of students which advocated in the monitoring program. The failure rate of county level institutions was higher than that of provincial level and prefecture level institutions, and the failure rate of the central and western institutions was much higher than that of the eastern institutions; the difference was statistically significant( χ 2=30.1, 41.6, P <0.05). Conclusion We should increase support including policy preference, fund guarantee, technical guidance and so on for the school health work of disease control institutions at the grass roots level and in economically underdeveloped areas, so as to ensure the healthy growth of children and adolescents in all respects.

Objective To analyze the current situation and problems of personnel, workplaces, instruments and equipment, reference materials, technical service capabilities, and quality management systems of occupational health technical service institutions with class A qualification in China, and to provide countermeasures and suggestions for improving the capacity of occupational health technical service in China. Methods We analyzed the technical assessment results of 84 class A institutions that applied for renewal or changing of class A qualification or expanding the scope of business from March to April 2021. Results The eastern region of China had a relatively large number of class A institutions. The institutions applying for category I business, category II business, and both accounted for 68%, 4%, and 27.85%, respectively. The approval rates of physical factors and ventilation projects were relatively low. The pass rates were below 90% in the on-site technical assessment of instruments and equipment, reference materials, technical service capabilities, and quality management systems, showing no significant differences between the eastern, central, and western regions. There were a total of 617 passes in professional technical ability assessment. Conclusion We recommend strengthening supervision during and after the processin occupational health technical service institutions, improving the ability to detect and evaluate occupational hazards, and strengthening the construction of professional technical personnel.

Objective: To learn about the construction and staffing of the school health system in Chinese institutions for disease prevention and control, and to provide basic information for the school health system, team capacity building and work development. Methods: Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the setting and staffing of school health departments (including school health centers and departments/rooms) at the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels in the centers for disease control and prevention. Statistical analysis was made on the proportion of school health, the number of staff and the characteristics such as age, education, major and working years in the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels. Results: Among the 3 313 institutions, the proportion of independent school health departments was 10.8%, and those of the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels were 74.2%, 15.0%, and 9.6%, respectively. Among the institutions with separated department, the average number of staff members was 4.4, while the number of staff was 2.5. The average age of school health workers was 40.4 years old, and the proportion of male and female employees was 45.2% and 54.8%. The proportion of personnel who have been engaged in school health work for less than 5 years on average was as high as 65.1%. The majors of the staff were mainly public health ( 40.4 %), 54.0% of the provincial staff had a master s degree or above, and 47.8% and 58.7% of the staff at the prefecture and county (district) levels were junior college or below respectively.The proportion of provincial level personnel with intermediate and senior titles was 69.6%, and the proportion of municipal and countylevel personnel at the junior level and below was 52.2% and 56.2% respectively. Conclusion The proportion of independent school health departments within centers of disease control and prevention across China was low. There is a serious shortage of school health personnel, and there are problems such as low levels of education and professional titles, especially in county (district) level institutions. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of the school health system of the centers for disease control and prevention in China.

Objective: To perform a cost-benefit analysis of the occupational disease reporting system in China, and to provide a basis for effective resource allocation. Methods: The data on the cost of occupational diseases were collected from China Health Statistics Yearbook 2013, the estimated benefit data were collected from published articles in China and foreign countries, and the probability data were collected from the occupational diseasereports published by health and family planning administrative departments. Adecision-making tree was used for the cost-benefit analysis. Results: The estimated cost of occupational disease reporting was about 102.47 million yuan/year, consisting of a cost of reporting in national medical institutions of 1.25 million yuan/year, a management cost of 30.35 million yuan/year, a management cost in local public health institutions of 69.80 million yuan/year, a management cost in national public health institutions of 370 thousand yuan/year, and a cost of construction and maintenance of reporting system of 700 thousand yuan/year. The results of the decision tree analysis showed that when an occupational disease monitoring system was established, the incremental input for occupational disease monitoring and prevention/control was 2.1 billion yuan/year, the output was 6.5 billion yuan/year, and the benefit of occupational disease reporting system was 4.4 billion yuan/year. Conclusion The benefit of occupational disease reporting system depends on the cost-benefit of occupational disease prevention and control measures, and proper prevention and control measures are extremely important for improving the benefit of occupational disease reporting system.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of treatment mode of end-to-end anastomosis of esophagus(EAS) af ter partial resection for early-stage cervical esophageal carcinoma(ECEA).Methods 7 patients were substantially confirmed as squsmous cell carcinoma of cervical esophagus by endoscopy,the nearest distance of the lesion from the incisors was 17cm,and the furthest was 20 cm,the maximum extent was 2.5 cm,and the minimum was 1 cm.None of them with longitudinal muscularis invasion.Confirmed by PET/CT or chest enhancement CT examination preoperatively,intrathoracic and cervical lymphatic metastasis was excluded,cT1 -2 N0 M0.Incisal margin length was not less than 1 cm,the maximum was 5 cm and the minimum was 3 cm.Meanwhile,the cervical lymph node should be dissected,and the average number was 6.43 per case.After surgery,all the patients were fixed by plaster slab to release the tension of anastomosis.Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy was received.Results None of the patients had severe postoperative complications,and the average hospital stay was 14.5 days.All the patients are alive,the longest follow-up lasts for 3 years and 4 months,all of them can take normal food,without anastomotic stenosis.Conclusion Treatment mode of EAS after partial resection for ECEA significantly decrease the operative damage,apparently improve the patient's quality of life(QOL),so that the patients can better receive adjuvant treatment subsequently; it is a feasible and effective method for cervical esophageal carcinoma at the early stage.