Bone repair remains an important target in tissue engineering, making the development of bioactive scaffolds for effective bone defect repair a critical objective. In this study, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds incorporated with processed pyritum decoction (PPD) were fabricated using three-dimensional (3D) printing-assisted freeze-casting. The produced composite scaffolds were evaluated for their mechanical strength, physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, in vitro pro-angiogenic activity, and in vivo efficacy in repairing rabbit femoral defects. They not only demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties, enhanced mechanical strength, and good biosafety but also significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and aggregation of pro-angiogenic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo studies revealed that all scaffold groups facilitated osteogenesis at the bone defect site, with the β-TCP scaffolds loaded with PPD markedly enhancing the expression of neurogenic locus Notch homolog protein 1 (Notch1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and osteopontin (OPN). Overall, the scaffolds developed in this study exhibited strong angiogenic and osteogenic capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. The incorporation of PPD notably promoted the angiogenic-osteogenic coupling, thereby accelerating bone repair, which suggests that PPD is a promising material for bone repair and that the PPD/β-TCP scaffolds hold great potential as a bone graft alternative.
Calcium Phosphates/chemistry* ; Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Rabbits ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Humans ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Osteogenesis ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Biomimetic Materials ; Cell Proliferation ; Angiogenesis

Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

Venous system diseases mainly include varicose veins and venous malformations of lower limbs and the genital system. Most of them are chronic diseases that cause serious clinical symptoms to patients and affect their health and quality of life. Sclerotherapy has become the first-line therapy for venous system diseases. However, there are problems such as incomplete fibrosis and vascular recanalization after sclerotherapy, and improper operation will cause serious adverse consequences. Therefore, exploring a safe and effective sclerotherapy strategy is essential for developing clinically successful sclerotherapy. To solve the above problems, we proposed a new sclerotherapy strategy with a dual mechanism of "vascular damage and plasmin (PLA) system inhibition." We intended to construct a novel cationic surfactant (AEO_x-TA) by reacting tranexamic acid (TA), a parent structure, with fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO_x) by ester bonds. AEO_x-TA could damage vascular endothelium and initiate a coagulation cascade effect to induce thrombus. Furthermore, AEO_x-TA could be degraded by esterase and release the parent drug, TA, which could inhibit the PLA system to inhibit the degradation of thrombus and extracellular matrix and promote the process of vascular fibrosis. In addition, such surfactant-based sclerosants have foam-forming properties, and they can be blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare a highly stable foam formulation (AEO_x-TA/P), which can achieve a precise drug delivery and prolonged drug retention time, thereby improving drug efficacy and reducing the risk of ectopic embolism. Overall, the novel cationic surfactant AEO_x-TA provides a new avenue to resolve the bottleneck: surfactant sclerosants' efficiency is relatively low in the current sclerotherapy.

The incomplete degradation of tumour cells by macrophages (Mϕ) is a contributing factor to tumour progression and metastasis, and the degradation function of Mϕ is mediated through phagosomes and lysosomes. In our preliminary experiments, we found that overactivation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) reduced the ability of Mϕ to degrade engulfed tumour cells. Above this, we screened out liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, which can significantly inhibit NOX2 activity and inhibit tumours, to elucidate that suppressing NOX2 can enhance the ability of Mϕ to degrade tumour cells. We found that the tumour environment could activate the NOX2 activity in Mϕ phagosomes, causing Mϕ to produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus prohibiting the formation of phagolysosomes before degradation. Conversely, inhibiting NOX2 in Mϕ by liquiritin can reduce ROS and promote phagosome-lysosome fusion, therefore improving the enzymatic degradation of tumour cells after phagocytosis, and subsequently promote T cell activity by presenting antigens. We further confirmed that liquiritin down-regulated the expression of the NOX2 specific membrane component protein gp91 phox, blocking its binding to the NOX2 cytoplasmic component proteins p67 phox and p47 phox, thereby inhibiting the activity of NOX2. This study elucidates the specific mechanism by which Mϕ cannot degrade tumour cells after phagocytosis, and indicates that liquiritin can promote the ability of Mϕ to degrade tumour cells by suppressing NOX2.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are one of the major populations susceptible to tuberculosis. However, little is known about the unique characteristics and diagnostic biomarkers of tuberculosis in this population. In this study, 81 AYAs were recruited, and the high-quality serum proteome of the AYAs with tuberculosis was profiled by quantitative proteomics. The data of serum proteomics indicated that the relative abundance of hemoglobin and apolipoprotein was significantly reduced in the patients with active tuberculosis (ATB). The pathway enrichment analysis showed that the downregulated proteins in the ATB group were mainly involved in the antioxidant and cell detoxification pathways, indicating extensive oxidative stress damage. Random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were employed to evaluate protein importance, which yielded a set of candidate proteins that can distinguish between ATB and non-ATB. The analysis with the support vector machine algorithm (recursive feature elimination) suggested that the combination of apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB), and hemoglobin subunit alpha-1 (HBA1) had the highest accuracy and sensitivity in diagnosing ATB. Meanwhile, the levels of hemoglobin (HGB) and albumin (ALB) can be used as blood biochemical indicators to evaluate changes in the protein levels of APOA1 and HBB. This study established the serum proteome landscape of AYAs with tuberculosis and identified new biomarkers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in this population.
Humans ; Proteomics/methods* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Apolipoprotein A-I/blood* ; Machine Learning ; Tuberculosis/blood* ; Proteome/analysis* ; Male ; Hemoglobins/analysis* ; Female ; Blood Proteins/analysis* ; Adult

Pituitary adenoma is a common intracranial tumor, and endoscopic endonasal surgery has become one of its primary treatment modalities. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) technology can provide surgeons with real-time imaging during surgery, significantly enhancing surgical precision and safety. This case report retrospectively analyzes a case of recurrent pituitary adenoma treated at the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. During endoscopic endonasal surgery, the iMRI revealed residual tumor tissue located above the scar from previous surgery. With the aid of neuronavigation, the surgeon precisely identified and incised the proliferative fibrous tissue that had been misidentified as the diaphragma sellae, successfully removing the concealed tumor and achieving gross total resection. Postoperatively, the patient experienced marked improvement in visual acuity, preserved normal pituitary function, and had no cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Based on this case and relevant literature, this paper discusses the advantages of iMRI in endoscopic endonasal surgery and its potential to improve patient outcomes, aiming to provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.

Objective To construction of discharge readiness assessment index for patients with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.Methods Based on the framework of the Meleis's transitions theory,the relevant literature was consulted,the semi-structured interview and group discussion were implemented,and the framework of the assessment index system for discharge readiness of patients with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was initially constructed.Then,two rounds of Delphi expert consultations were conducted.The weight of each indicator was set by Analytic Hierarchy Process.Results The effective recovery of 2 rounds of expert consultations were both 100％.The authority coefficients were 0.964 and 0.972,The Kendall harmony coefficients were 0.240 and 0.228(P＜0.001).The final discharge readiness assessment index system for patients with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was established,including 4 first-level indicators and 35 second-level indicators.Conclusion The discharge readiness assessment index system for patients with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was scientific and reliable,which can provide references for the evaluation of discharge readiness for patients with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.

Objective:To investigate the effect and associated mechanism of tumor tissue-infiltrating NK cells after receiving radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:A HCC tumor-bearing mouse model was constructed using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (SK-Hep-1) and divided into four groups: control, radiotherapy, NK cell clearance, and NK clearance combined with radiotherapy. Tumor growth condition was simultaneously recorded. The NK cell ratio in peripheral blood and the NK cell intratumoral infiltration condition were detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Lentiviral-constructed SK-Hep-1 cells was used to detect the effect of radiotherapy on the regulation of CXCL10 and NK cell chemotaxis following EZH2 overexpression. SK-Hep-1 cells were irradiated in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of EZH2 and CXCL10 mRNA and protein in the two groups of cell lines and mouse tumor tissues were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry. The chemotaxis and blocking experiments were used to validate the chemotaxis effect of CXCL10 on NK cells. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The HCC tumor-bearing mouse model experiment showed that HCC tumor growth was most remarkable in the NK clearance combined with the radiotherapy group compared to the radiotherapy group ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of NK cells in the peripheral blood of nude mice in the radiotherapy group was significantly reduced, while the NK cell intratumoral infiltration was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry showed invitro and invivo expressional alterations. The average expression levels of EZH2 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and tumor tissues were decreased in the radiotherapy group than the control group and mouse tumor tissues ( P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression levels of CXCL10 increased ( P<0.05). The cell supernatant following radiotherapy enhanced NK cell chemotaxis but inhibited CXCL10 neutralization. EZH2 overexpression validated that radiotherapy up-regulated CXCL10 mRNA and down-regulated protein expression levels in in vitro and in vivo experiments ( P<0.05). The chemotactic effect on NK cells was significantly weakened with EZH2 overexpression following radiotherapy. Conclusion:NK cells, as immune effector cells, are directly involved in radiotherapy- activated anti-HCC immunity. Importantly, radiotherapy inhibits EZH2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, thereby upregulating CXCL10 expression and enhancing intratumoral NK cell invasion.

Objective: To explore the latent categories and general demographic characteristics of short form video addiction among college students, so as to provide empirical reference for prevention and intervention of short form video addiction among college students. Methods: Convenience sampling method was used to select 1 386 college students from a certain university in Anhui Province in June 2023. A questionnaire survey was conducted among college students by using the Short Video Addiction Scale. The latent profile analysis method of "individual center" was used to explore the categories of college students short form video addiction, and multiple Logistic regression was used to explore the influence of demographic variables on the latent classification of short form video addiction. Results: College students with short form video addiction were divided into three latent categories:non addiction group (22.15%, n =307), low addiction group (63.28%, n =877) and high addiction group (14.57%, n =202). The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, major type and family location were related with short form video addiction among college students:male students (low addiction group: OR =0.47; high addiction group: OR =0.41), cultural and historical majors (low addiction group: OR =0.66), and students from cities (high addiction group: OR =0.51) were less likely to be involved in short form video addiction ( P <0.05). Conclusions There is significant group heterogeneity in short form video addiction among college students. Families, schools and society should attach importance and pay attention to the phenomenon of short form video addiction among college students, actively take targeted intervention measures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of short form video addiction symptoms among college students.

Objective To explore the pathological features of lung tissue in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and their association with inflammatory factors.Methods A total of 70 patients who underwent surgery for small lung nodule were prospectively included,and were divided into the normal group(n=10),the mild COPD group(n=50)and the moderate and severe COPD group(n=10).The pathological changes of lung tissue were evaluated after HE,Masson and EVG staining.The expression levels of SMA,Actin and CD31 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.Tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin-10(IL-10)protein and mRNA levels were detected by immunohistochemistry and qPCR.Results Pulmonary tissue in mild COPD showed widening of alveolar septum,dilation of small airways,mild thickening of blood vessel wall and inflammatory reaction dominated by lymphocyte infiltration.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that contents of SMA and Actin proteins in mild COPD lung tissue were higher than those in the normal group(P＜0.05).In addition,the TNF-α mRNA and the positive rate of TNF-α in lung tissue of mild COPD were significantly higher than those in the normal group,while the IL-10 mRNA was significantly lower than that of the normal group(all P＜0.05).SMA and Actin were positively correlated with the positive expression of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α,but negatively correlated with the positive expression of IL-10(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The main pathological changes of lung tissue in mild COPD include small lung blood vessel remodeling ocharacterized by thickening of small blood vessel smooth muscle layer and lymphocyte-dominated inflammatory response,while the increase of pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α and decrease of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 are associated with pathological changes of COPD.