BACKGROUND:The prevalence of osteoporosis is high in postmenopausal women,but muscle mass,grip strength,and how these factors affect osteoporosis are understudied,and the exact link between them has not been clarified.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlation between muscle mass,grip strength,appendicular skeletal muscle index and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and to assess the potential values of these indices in predicting and diagnosing postmenopausal osteoporosis.METHODS:Eighty-three postmenopausal women were collected from the outpatient clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from February 2023 to January 2024.General data were collected.Bone mineral density was detected.T-value,muscle mass of each part,grip strength were recorded.The body mass index and appendicular skeletal muscle index were calculated.The patients were categorized into non-osteoporosis group(n=17)and postmenopausal osteoporosis group(n=66)according to T value and fracture history,and were statistically analyzed accordingly.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The body mass,body mass index,bone mineral density of the overall lumbar spine,muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle index were higher in the non-osteoporosis group than the osteoporosis group(P＜0.05).(2)Muscle mass was positively correlated with bone mineral density of the overall lumbar spine and individual vertebrae(P＜0.05).(3)Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that body mass and grip strength were linearly and positively correlated with muscle mass;body height and muscle mass were linearly and positively correlated with grip strength,and body mass was linearly and negatively correlated with grip strength.Body mass index was linearly and positively correlated with bone mineral density,and age was linearly and negatively correlated with bone mineral density.(4)Analysis by receiver operating characteristic curve showed that:muscle mass(the area under the curve,sensitivity,specificity and critical value of muscle mass were 0.744,76.50％,74.20％and 36.50 kg,respectively,with P=0.002)and appendicular skeletal muscle index(the area under the curve,sensitivity,specificity and critical value of appendicular skeletal muscle index were 0.739,82.40％,62.10％and 5.81 kg/m2,respectively,and P=0.002)had good predictive value for postmenopausal osteoporosis.To conclude,a reduction in muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle index can help to predict the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis,and the possibility of osteoporosis should be taken into account in postmenopausal women when muscle mass is＜36.50 kg or appendicular skeletal muscle index is＜5.81 kg/m2,in order to prevent the occurrence of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND:The prevalence of osteoporosis is high in postmenopausal women,but muscle mass,grip strength,and how these factors affect osteoporosis are understudied,and the exact link between them has not been clarified.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlation between muscle mass,grip strength,appendicular skeletal muscle index and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and to assess the potential values of these indices in predicting and diagnosing postmenopausal osteoporosis.METHODS:Eighty-three postmenopausal women were collected from the outpatient clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from February 2023 to January 2024.General data were collected.Bone mineral density was detected.T-value,muscle mass of each part,grip strength were recorded.The body mass index and appendicular skeletal muscle index were calculated.The patients were categorized into non-osteoporosis group(n=17)and postmenopausal osteoporosis group(n=66)according to T value and fracture history,and were statistically analyzed accordingly.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The body mass,body mass index,bone mineral density of the overall lumbar spine,muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle index were higher in the non-osteoporosis group than the osteoporosis group(P＜0.05).(2)Muscle mass was positively correlated with bone mineral density of the overall lumbar spine and individual vertebrae(P＜0.05).(3)Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that body mass and grip strength were linearly and positively correlated with muscle mass;body height and muscle mass were linearly and positively correlated with grip strength,and body mass was linearly and negatively correlated with grip strength.Body mass index was linearly and positively correlated with bone mineral density,and age was linearly and negatively correlated with bone mineral density.(4)Analysis by receiver operating characteristic curve showed that:muscle mass(the area under the curve,sensitivity,specificity and critical value of muscle mass were 0.744,76.50％,74.20％and 36.50 kg,respectively,with P=0.002)and appendicular skeletal muscle index(the area under the curve,sensitivity,specificity and critical value of appendicular skeletal muscle index were 0.739,82.40％,62.10％and 5.81 kg/m2,respectively,and P=0.002)had good predictive value for postmenopausal osteoporosis.To conclude,a reduction in muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle index can help to predict the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis,and the possibility of osteoporosis should be taken into account in postmenopausal women when muscle mass is＜36.50 kg or appendicular skeletal muscle index is＜5.81 kg/m2,in order to prevent the occurrence of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

SMYD5 is a ribosomal methyltransferase with SET and MYND structural domains， which is a member of the SMYD family and is expressed in a variety of tissues， including ovary and testis. This enzyme participates in biological processes such as gene expression regulation， cell development and differentiation， and maintenance of genomic stability through ribosomal protein methylation modification. In recent years， research on SMYD5 has increased in cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， and lung cancer. Studies have revealed that SMYD5 exhibits high expression levels in various diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， lung cancer， and inflammatory bowel disease， influencing the progression of these conditions. This review summarizes the role of SMYD5 in hepatocellular carcinoma， inflammatory bowel disease， and other biological functions， aiming to provide a reference for related disease research.

Objective To explore the improvement effect of ultrasound microbubble blasting assisted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC)transplantation on diabetic nephropathy(DN)in terms of inflammatory response and renal function via the Toll like receptor 4(TLR-4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway,as well as its specific mechanism.Methods A rat DN model was estab-lished and randomly grouped into the following:Model group,BMSC group,BMSC+microbubble group,and BMSC+microbubble+TLR-4/NF-κB pathway activator lipopolysaccharide(LPS)group,with 12 rats in each group.Additionally,12 rats were selected as the control(CK)group.Biochemical and biuret analysis,HE and Masson staining,ELISA,and Western blotting testing were employed to detect fasting blood glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),serum creatinine(sCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),24-hour urinary total protein(24 h-UTP),pathological changes in renal tissue,fibrosis status,and the expression of interleukin-1 β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),TLR-4,and NF-κB proteins of rats in each group.Results The renal tissue in the CK group was structurally normal with few collagen fibers.The Model group showed obvious renal tissue lesions and severe collagen fiber deposition;the lesions in the BMSC group and BMSC+microvesicle group were alleviated in turn,while the lesions were aggravated after the addition of LPS compared with the BMSC+microvesicle group.Compared with the CK group,the levels of FBG,TC,TG,sCr,BUN,24 h-UTP,as well as the expression of IL-1β,TNF-α,TLR-4,and NF-κB proteins were increased in the Model group(P＜0.05).Compared with the Model group,the above-men-tioned indices and protein expression were decreased in the BMSC group(P＜0.05).Compared with the BMSC group,the above-men-tioned indices and protein expression were further decreased in the BMSC+microvesicle group(P＜0.05).Compared with the BMSC+mi-crovesicle group,the above-mentioned indices and protein expression were increased in the BMSC+microvesicle+LPS group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The improvement effect of ultrasound microbubble blasting-assisted BMSC transplantation on DN rats may be related to the inhibition of the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with bloodstream in-fection(BSI)and to summarize the risk factors for death in these patients.METHODS Clinical data of 528 patients with BSI admitted to Xijing Hospital,the Fourth Military Medical University from Jul.2018 to Feb.2023 were collected.The clinical characteristics,pathogens,antibacterial drug therapy and 28-day case-fatality rate of the pa-tients with BSI were analyzed.RESULTS Among the 528 patients with BSI,there were 139 patients with commu-nity-associated infection,69 patients with health care-associated infection,and 320 patients with hospital-associat-ed infection.The predominant pathogens isolated from patients with community-associated infection and health care-associated infection were Escherichia coli(53.96％and 42.03％,respectively),while Klebsiella pneumoni-ae was the main pathogen in patients with hospital-associated infection(24.38％),with a wide variety of major pathogens identified.The drug resistance profiles of E.coli and K.pneumoniae isolated from patients with health care-associated infection were similar to those isolated from patients with hospital-associated infection but were significantly low compared to those isolated from patients with community-associated infection.Compared to pa-tients with community-associated infection,those with health care-associated infection and hospital-associated in-fection had high 28-day case-fatality rates.Thrombocytopenia(HR=1.764,95％CI:1.275-2.440,P=0.001),hypoalbuminemia(HR=2.320,95％CI:1.595-3.374,P＜0.001),coagulation dysfunction(HR=1.605,95％CI:1.141-2.258,P=0.007),procalcitonin＞2.0 ng/ml(HR=3.747,95％CI:1.339-10.485,P=0.012),Charlson comorbidity index ≥5(HR=1.578,95％CI:1.110-2.244,P=0.011)and central ve-nous catheterization(HR=1.848,95％CI:1.322-2.583,P＜0.001)were risk factors for 28-day mortality,while appropriate targeted antibacterial drug therapy(HR=0.399,95％CI:0.291-0.546,P＜0.001)was a protective factor.CONCLUSION Antibacterial drug therapy for patients with health care-associated infection should be guided by their unique pathogens and resistance profiles,and individualized regimens should be devel-oped based on the site and source of infection,regional microbiological characteristics and disease severity to re-duce unnecessary use of antibacterial drug.

Objective To analyse the causal relationship between obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and atrial fibrillation(AF)by Mendelian randomization(MR)method,and to explore the role of inflammatory factors,immune cells,blood metabolites and circulating proteins in it.Methods In this study,MR analysis was used to investigate the causal link between OSA and AF.Inverse variance weighting(IVW),MR-Egger and other methods were used for sensitivity analysis.Additionally,the study also explored the effects of 91 inflammatory factors,731 immune cells,1 400 blood metabolites and 4 907 circulating proteins on AF.Results MR analysis revealed a significant causal relationship between OSA and AF(OR=1.078,P＜0.05).Conversely,reverse MR analysis did not find causal relationship between AF and OSA(P＞0.05).Further analysis revealed that 5 inflammatory factors,19 immune cells,15 blood metabolites and 67 circulating proteins were risk factors for AF.Among them,OSA was the risk factor for one inflammatory factor,one blood metabolite and 12 circulating proteins.There was no significant causal association between OSA and 19 immune cells.Conclusion This study demonstrates that OSA increases the risk of AF.Meanwhile,it is found that inflammatory factors,immune cells,blood metabolites and circulating proteins have potential impacts on the pathogenesis of AF.

Objective:To study the growth inhibition of Thunberg Fritillary extract on non-small cell lung cancer.Methods:The Thunberg Fritillary extract was prepared and characterized by UPLC-QE/MS.Replicated Lewis lung carcinoma ectopic tumor-bear-ing mouse model,yeast injection induced acute inflammation,compared the effect of Thunberg Fritillary extract combination with acute inflammation on the growth,tumor volume and tumor suppression rate of Lewis lung carcinoma mice,and determine the content of inflammatory factors by the flow CBA method(IL-6,IL-1β,IL-1α,IL-10,IL-27,IL-17A,IL-12p70,IL-23,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IFN-β,GM-CSF,MCP-1).Results:The inhibition of Lewis lung carcinoma mice was similar to that of cisplatin alone,and the tumor suppression rate was 35%;the tumor suppression rate of Thunberg Fritillary extract combined with acute inflammatory stimulation of yeast was 62%,1.8 times that of cisplatin alone.The decrease in the expressions of cytokines IL-23,MCP-1 after acute inflammatory stimulation in yeast was associated with tumor suppression;while the increased expressions of IL-6,IL-1β,IL-1α,IL-10,IL-27,IL-17A,IL-12p70,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IFN-β and GM-CSF cytokines were associated with tumor suppression.Conclusion:The Thun-berg Fritillary extract combination with acute inflammation can play a positive role against non-small cell lung cancer,which will pro-vide new research ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

To address the challenges associated with traditional medical treatment modalities that hinder the efficiency of healthcare delivery,and to facilitate the sharing of medical service information across multiple campuses via mobile platforms,the First Affiliated Hospital to Zhejiang University School of Medicine has proactively leveraged digital intelligence to innovate its medical service model.This program involved the development of a comprehensive process guidance service applet on the Alipay platform specifically for outpatient services.The applet offers intelligent support services,standardizes electronic authentication processes,coordinates medical resources across various hospital locations,and establishes an integrated service delivery system that seamlessly combines online and offline interactions.This approach has optimized the outpatient treatment process,enhanced the patient experience,and fostered standardized management of medical services across multiple campuses.

Objective:To identify the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the northern Chinese population of Jinan, Shangdong Province, along with its temporal trends from 2005 to 2022.Methods:By utilizing the data from the Jinan basic medical insurance system, a population-based IBD cohort was constructed. This facilitated the computation of both the incidence and prevalence rates of IBD, alongside their temporal trends throughout the 2005 to 2022 timeframe. The 95% confidence intervals were estimated using poisson regression.Results:The overall incidence rate of IBD showed a yearly increasing trend, with age-standardized incidence rates rising from 0.03/100 000 in 2005 to 5.39/100 000 in 2022. The age-standardized incidence rate of ulcerative colitis (UC) increased from 0.03/100 000 in 2005 to 4.97/100 000 in 2022. The age-standardized incidence rate of Crohn's disease (CD) rose from 0.05/100 000 in 2011 to 0.44/100 000 in 2022. The crude prevalence of IBD increased from 0.60/100 000 in 2005 to 32.39/100 000 in 2022. Specifically, the crude prevalence of UC increased from 0.60/100 000 in 2005 to 31.44/100 000 in 2022, while the crude prevalence of CD increased from 0.05/100 000 in 2011 to 1.19/100 000 in 2022.Conclusions:Analysis of recent medical insurance data reveals a continuous uptrend in both the incidence and prevalence of IBD in Jinan, a northern city in China. This underscores the urgent need for enhanced medical resources and healthcare guaruntee to ensure the well-being of individuals afflicted with IBD.

Objective To explore the improvement effect of ultrasound microbubble blasting assisted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC)transplantation on diabetic nephropathy(DN)in terms of inflammatory response and renal function via the Toll like receptor 4(TLR-4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway,as well as its specific mechanism.Methods A rat DN model was estab-lished and randomly grouped into the following:Model group,BMSC group,BMSC+microbubble group,and BMSC+microbubble+TLR-4/NF-κB pathway activator lipopolysaccharide(LPS)group,with 12 rats in each group.Additionally,12 rats were selected as the control(CK)group.Biochemical and biuret analysis,HE and Masson staining,ELISA,and Western blotting testing were employed to detect fasting blood glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),serum creatinine(sCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),24-hour urinary total protein(24 h-UTP),pathological changes in renal tissue,fibrosis status,and the expression of interleukin-1 β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),TLR-4,and NF-κB proteins of rats in each group.Results The renal tissue in the CK group was structurally normal with few collagen fibers.The Model group showed obvious renal tissue lesions and severe collagen fiber deposition;the lesions in the BMSC group and BMSC+microvesicle group were alleviated in turn,while the lesions were aggravated after the addition of LPS compared with the BMSC+microvesicle group.Compared with the CK group,the levels of FBG,TC,TG,sCr,BUN,24 h-UTP,as well as the expression of IL-1β,TNF-α,TLR-4,and NF-κB proteins were increased in the Model group(P＜0.05).Compared with the Model group,the above-men-tioned indices and protein expression were decreased in the BMSC group(P＜0.05).Compared with the BMSC group,the above-men-tioned indices and protein expression were further decreased in the BMSC+microvesicle group(P＜0.05).Compared with the BMSC+mi-crovesicle group,the above-mentioned indices and protein expression were increased in the BMSC+microvesicle+LPS group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The improvement effect of ultrasound microbubble blasting-assisted BMSC transplantation on DN rats may be related to the inhibition of the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway.