BACKGROUND:The prevalence of osteoporosis is high in postmenopausal women,but muscle mass,grip strength,and how these factors affect osteoporosis are understudied,and the exact link between them has not been clarified.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlation between muscle mass,grip strength,appendicular skeletal muscle index and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and to assess the potential values of these indices in predicting and diagnosing postmenopausal osteoporosis.METHODS:Eighty-three postmenopausal women were collected from the outpatient clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from February 2023 to January 2024.General data were collected.Bone mineral density was detected.T-value,muscle mass of each part,grip strength were recorded.The body mass index and appendicular skeletal muscle index were calculated.The patients were categorized into non-osteoporosis group(n=17)and postmenopausal osteoporosis group(n=66)according to T value and fracture history,and were statistically analyzed accordingly.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The body mass,body mass index,bone mineral density of the overall lumbar spine,muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle index were higher in the non-osteoporosis group than the osteoporosis group(P＜0.05).(2)Muscle mass was positively correlated with bone mineral density of the overall lumbar spine and individual vertebrae(P＜0.05).(3)Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that body mass and grip strength were linearly and positively correlated with muscle mass;body height and muscle mass were linearly and positively correlated with grip strength,and body mass was linearly and negatively correlated with grip strength.Body mass index was linearly and positively correlated with bone mineral density,and age was linearly and negatively correlated with bone mineral density.(4)Analysis by receiver operating characteristic curve showed that:muscle mass(the area under the curve,sensitivity,specificity and critical value of muscle mass were 0.744,76.50％,74.20％and 36.50 kg,respectively,with P=0.002)and appendicular skeletal muscle index(the area under the curve,sensitivity,specificity and critical value of appendicular skeletal muscle index were 0.739,82.40％,62.10％and 5.81 kg/m2,respectively,and P=0.002)had good predictive value for postmenopausal osteoporosis.To conclude,a reduction in muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle index can help to predict the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis,and the possibility of osteoporosis should be taken into account in postmenopausal women when muscle mass is＜36.50 kg or appendicular skeletal muscle index is＜5.81 kg/m2,in order to prevent the occurrence of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND:The prevalence of osteoporosis is high in postmenopausal women,but muscle mass,grip strength,and how these factors affect osteoporosis are understudied,and the exact link between them has not been clarified.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlation between muscle mass,grip strength,appendicular skeletal muscle index and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and to assess the potential values of these indices in predicting and diagnosing postmenopausal osteoporosis.METHODS:Eighty-three postmenopausal women were collected from the outpatient clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from February 2023 to January 2024.General data were collected.Bone mineral density was detected.T-value,muscle mass of each part,grip strength were recorded.The body mass index and appendicular skeletal muscle index were calculated.The patients were categorized into non-osteoporosis group(n=17)and postmenopausal osteoporosis group(n=66)according to T value and fracture history,and were statistically analyzed accordingly.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The body mass,body mass index,bone mineral density of the overall lumbar spine,muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle index were higher in the non-osteoporosis group than the osteoporosis group(P＜0.05).(2)Muscle mass was positively correlated with bone mineral density of the overall lumbar spine and individual vertebrae(P＜0.05).(3)Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that body mass and grip strength were linearly and positively correlated with muscle mass;body height and muscle mass were linearly and positively correlated with grip strength,and body mass was linearly and negatively correlated with grip strength.Body mass index was linearly and positively correlated with bone mineral density,and age was linearly and negatively correlated with bone mineral density.(4)Analysis by receiver operating characteristic curve showed that:muscle mass(the area under the curve,sensitivity,specificity and critical value of muscle mass were 0.744,76.50％,74.20％and 36.50 kg,respectively,with P=0.002)and appendicular skeletal muscle index(the area under the curve,sensitivity,specificity and critical value of appendicular skeletal muscle index were 0.739,82.40％,62.10％and 5.81 kg/m2,respectively,and P=0.002)had good predictive value for postmenopausal osteoporosis.To conclude,a reduction in muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle index can help to predict the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis,and the possibility of osteoporosis should be taken into account in postmenopausal women when muscle mass is＜36.50 kg or appendicular skeletal muscle index is＜5.81 kg/m2,in order to prevent the occurrence of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

SMYD5 is a ribosomal methyltransferase with SET and MYND structural domains， which is a member of the SMYD family and is expressed in a variety of tissues， including ovary and testis. This enzyme participates in biological processes such as gene expression regulation， cell development and differentiation， and maintenance of genomic stability through ribosomal protein methylation modification. In recent years， research on SMYD5 has increased in cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， and lung cancer. Studies have revealed that SMYD5 exhibits high expression levels in various diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， lung cancer， and inflammatory bowel disease， influencing the progression of these conditions. This review summarizes the role of SMYD5 in hepatocellular carcinoma， inflammatory bowel disease， and other biological functions， aiming to provide a reference for related disease research.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes and effects of fatty acid metabolism in folic acid （FA）-induced kidney injury and diabetic nephropathy （DN） mouse models. MethodsThe FA-induced kidney injury model was established via intraperitoneal injection of FA. Nine adult C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to two groups： saline control group （Saline， n=5） and FA intervention group （n=4）. Mice in the FA group received a single intraperitoneal injection of FA （250 mg/kg）， whereas those in the Saline group were administered an equivalent volume of normal saline. The DN model was constructed using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin （STZ） injection. Eleven adult C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups： normal diet control group （ND， n=6） and DN model group （DN， n=5）. The ND group was fed a normal diet throughout the experiment； the DN group was maintained on a high-fat diet for 8 weeks， followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ （100 mg/kg）， and then continued on the high-fat diet until week 16. （1） Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） and sirius red staining were used to observe pathological changes in the kidneys of the four groups of mice. （2） RNA-Seq was performed on mouse kidney tissues to screen for differentially expressed genes （DEGs）， followed by Gene Ontology （GO）， Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG）， and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis （GSEA）. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of fatty acid synthesis and fibrosis-related genes. Lipid droplet accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining on frozen kidney sections. （3） Human renal cortical proximal tubular epithelial cells （HK-2） and proximal tubular epithelial cells （PTECs） were treated with 10 ng/mL recombinant human TGF-β1 or high glucose. RT-qPCR was used to measure the mRNA levels of fatty acid synthesis and fibrosis-related genes in HK-2 cells. Lipid droplet accumulation in HK-2 cells and PTECs was detected using Bodipy 493/503 staining. （4） HK-2 cells were treated with 100 µmol/L palmitic acid （PA）. Bodipy 493/503 staining was used to evaluate lipid droplet accumulation. （5） SA-β-gal staining was used to assess senescence in kidney tissues from all four mouse groups. Cellular senescence and the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype （SASP） factors in PA-treated HK-2 cells were assessed using SA-β-gal staining， Western blot， and RT-qPCR. The effect of PA-treated PTECs on renal fibroblast activation was assessed by immunofluorescence. Results（1） Both FA and DN groups showed pathological changes in kidney tissue， including renal tubular structural damage and collagen fiber deposition. （2） DEGs in both FA and DN groups were significantly enriched in metabolism-related pathways， especially lipid metabolism pathways. Compared to the Saline control， the expression of fatty acid synthesis genes Srebp1 and Fasn was significantly upregulated in the FA group （Srebp1： t=2.445， P=0.044 4； Fasn： t=2.571， P=0.037 0）. Compared to the ND group， Srebp1， Acc1， and Fasn gene expression was upregulated in the DN group （Srebp1： t=3.354， P=0.010 0； Acc1： t=2.602， P=0.031 5； Fasn： t=2.358， P=0.046 1）. The fibrosis-related gene Col1a1 was also upregulated in both FA and DN groups （FA： t=2.628， P=0.034 0； DN： t=3.602， P=0.007 0）， accompanied by pathological signs of lipid accumulation. （3） In HK-2 cells treated with TGF-β1 or high glucose， the mRNA expression levels of SREBP1 （F=15.41， P=0.004 3； TGFβ： P=0.002 9； HG： P=0.045 2）， ACC1 （F=30.30， P=0.000 7； HG： P=0.001 4）， and FASN （F=18.76， P=0.002 6； TGFβ： P=0.001 7； HG： P=0.031 0） were significantly upregulated. Both treatments also induced lipid accumulation in HK-2 cells and PTECs. （4） There was an increase in senescent cells in the kidneys of both the FA and DN groups. PA treatment induced lipid accumulation， accelerated senescence， and activated fibroblasts in renal tubular epithelial cells. ConclusionsTranscriptional abnormalities of lipid metabolism-related genes were observed in the kidneys of both FA-induced kidney injury and diabetic nephropathy models. Excessive fatty acid synthesis leads to lipid accumulation， which induces senescence in PTECs and ultimately promotes the development and progression of fibrosis.

Abstract Ring finger protein 183(RNF183) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin molecules to substrate proteins. RNF183 is expressed in tissues such as kidney and testis, and it is mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes in cells. As one of the components of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, it participates in the endoplasmic reticulum stress-responsive pathway that affects cellular and protein ubiquitination. In recent years, the study of E3 ubiquitin ligase member-RNF183 with various diseases such as colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer and bladder cancer has gradually increased. In this review, the role of RNF183 in colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and other diseases, as well as biological functions such as endoplasmic reticulum stress are summarized, aiming to provide reference ideas for the study of related diseases.

Objective To explore the improvement effect of ultrasound microbubble blasting assisted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC)transplantation on diabetic nephropathy(DN)in terms of inflammatory response and renal function via the Toll like receptor 4(TLR-4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway,as well as its specific mechanism.Methods A rat DN model was estab-lished and randomly grouped into the following:Model group,BMSC group,BMSC+microbubble group,and BMSC+microbubble+TLR-4/NF-κB pathway activator lipopolysaccharide(LPS)group,with 12 rats in each group.Additionally,12 rats were selected as the control(CK)group.Biochemical and biuret analysis,HE and Masson staining,ELISA,and Western blotting testing were employed to detect fasting blood glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),serum creatinine(sCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),24-hour urinary total protein(24 h-UTP),pathological changes in renal tissue,fibrosis status,and the expression of interleukin-1 β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),TLR-4,and NF-κB proteins of rats in each group.Results The renal tissue in the CK group was structurally normal with few collagen fibers.The Model group showed obvious renal tissue lesions and severe collagen fiber deposition;the lesions in the BMSC group and BMSC+microvesicle group were alleviated in turn,while the lesions were aggravated after the addition of LPS compared with the BMSC+microvesicle group.Compared with the CK group,the levels of FBG,TC,TG,sCr,BUN,24 h-UTP,as well as the expression of IL-1β,TNF-α,TLR-4,and NF-κB proteins were increased in the Model group(P＜0.05).Compared with the Model group,the above-men-tioned indices and protein expression were decreased in the BMSC group(P＜0.05).Compared with the BMSC group,the above-men-tioned indices and protein expression were further decreased in the BMSC+microvesicle group(P＜0.05).Compared with the BMSC+mi-crovesicle group,the above-mentioned indices and protein expression were increased in the BMSC+microvesicle+LPS group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The improvement effect of ultrasound microbubble blasting-assisted BMSC transplantation on DN rats may be related to the inhibition of the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Venous system diseases mainly include varicose veins and venous malformations of lower limbs and the genital system. Most of them are chronic diseases that cause serious clinical symptoms to patients and affect their health and quality of life. Sclerotherapy has become the first-line therapy for venous system diseases. However, there are problems such as incomplete fibrosis and vascular recanalization after sclerotherapy, and improper operation will cause serious adverse consequences. Therefore, exploring a safe and effective sclerotherapy strategy is essential for developing clinically successful sclerotherapy. To solve the above problems, we proposed a new sclerotherapy strategy with a dual mechanism of "vascular damage and plasmin (PLA) system inhibition." We intended to construct a novel cationic surfactant (AEO_x-TA) by reacting tranexamic acid (TA), a parent structure, with fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO_x) by ester bonds. AEO_x-TA could damage vascular endothelium and initiate a coagulation cascade effect to induce thrombus. Furthermore, AEO_x-TA could be degraded by esterase and release the parent drug, TA, which could inhibit the PLA system to inhibit the degradation of thrombus and extracellular matrix and promote the process of vascular fibrosis. In addition, such surfactant-based sclerosants have foam-forming properties, and they can be blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare a highly stable foam formulation (AEO_x-TA/P), which can achieve a precise drug delivery and prolonged drug retention time, thereby improving drug efficacy and reducing the risk of ectopic embolism. Overall, the novel cationic surfactant AEO_x-TA provides a new avenue to resolve the bottleneck: surfactant sclerosants' efficiency is relatively low in the current sclerotherapy.

Objective:To study the growth inhibition of Thunberg Fritillary extract on non-small cell lung cancer.Methods:The Thunberg Fritillary extract was prepared and characterized by UPLC-QE/MS.Replicated Lewis lung carcinoma ectopic tumor-bear-ing mouse model,yeast injection induced acute inflammation,compared the effect of Thunberg Fritillary extract combination with acute inflammation on the growth,tumor volume and tumor suppression rate of Lewis lung carcinoma mice,and determine the content of inflammatory factors by the flow CBA method(IL-6,IL-1β,IL-1α,IL-10,IL-27,IL-17A,IL-12p70,IL-23,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IFN-β,GM-CSF,MCP-1).Results:The inhibition of Lewis lung carcinoma mice was similar to that of cisplatin alone,and the tumor suppression rate was 35%;the tumor suppression rate of Thunberg Fritillary extract combined with acute inflammatory stimulation of yeast was 62%,1.8 times that of cisplatin alone.The decrease in the expressions of cytokines IL-23,MCP-1 after acute inflammatory stimulation in yeast was associated with tumor suppression;while the increased expressions of IL-6,IL-1β,IL-1α,IL-10,IL-27,IL-17A,IL-12p70,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IFN-β and GM-CSF cytokines were associated with tumor suppression.Conclusion:The Thun-berg Fritillary extract combination with acute inflammation can play a positive role against non-small cell lung cancer,which will pro-vide new research ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective To develop a predictive model integrating clinical features,deep learning(DL),and radiomics based on T2-weighted imaging for prenatal assessment of postpartum hemorrhage(PPH)risk in high-risk pregnant women.Methods A total of 538 pregnant women with ultrasound-reported high-risk placenta accrete were retrospectively enrolled and divided into training,internal test,and external test cohorts.A nnUNet model was trained for automatic placental segmentation.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on clinical features to identify those associated with PPH.Quantitative radiomic features were extracted from the placental region,and a random forest model was developed to predict estimated blood loss(EBL)and PPH risk.A DenseNet-based multi-task DL model was trained to predict PPH risk,EBL,and placenta previa status.Finally,a DL-radiomics ensemble(DRE)model was constructed by integrating clinical features,DL outputs,and radiomics scores.Diagnostic performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and DeLong test.Results The DRE model achieved AUC values of 0.874(95%CI:0.792-0.951)and 0.836(95%CI:0.648-0.974)in the internal and external test cohorts,respectively,significantly outperforming the standalone clinical,DL,and radiomics models.Incorporation of EBL regression improved the performance of the PPH classification model,with the external test AUC increasing from 0.261-0.788 to 0.836.Conclusion The DRE model integrating DL and radiomics can efficiently predict PPH risk and assist in the clinical management of high-risk pregnancies.

Objective:To explore the related risk factors of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) by constructing and comparing nine regression models.Methods:All NEC patients admitted to the neonatal internal medicine department, neonatal surgery department, and neonatal intensive care unit of Shanxi Provincial Children's Hospital (Shanxi Provincial Maternity and Child Health Center) from 2020 to 2022 were included as the case group. A control group consisted of children admitted during the same period based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The NEC data collected were used for feature selection by using the Boruta algorithm. Logistic regression, multi-decision tree gradient boosting, efficient gradient one-sided sampling, random forest, decision tree, gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), neural network, support vector machine, and K-nearest neighbor models were constructed. The optimal model was selected through rigorous comparison and Shap explainable analysis was performed on the GBDT model.Results:Thirteen key factors were identified through screening for nine regression models construction. After strict comparison and analysis, the GBDT model showed higher stability compared with other eight regression models. In the validation set, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the GBDT model was 0.958, with an accuracy of 0.925, and sensitivity and specificity of 0.827 and 0.950, respectively. Shap explainable analysis on the GBDT model revealed that suffering from anemia, non-invasive ventilator use, procalcitonin use, premature birth, and low birth weight increased the risk for NEC, while breastfeeding and probiotics decreased the risk for NEC.Conclusion:This study identified the risk factors and protective factors for NEC by using the GBDT model, which provided evidnce for the prevention and treatment of NEC.