Objective:To compare the effects of intermittent oro-esophageal tube feeding (IOE) and nasogastric tube feeding (NGT) on nutritional status, complications, swallowing function and airway protection in persons with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD).Methods:Sixty PSD patients were randomized into an observation group ( n=30) and a control group ( n=30). In addition to conventional medication and swallowing rehabilitation, the observation group received supplemental IOE nutrition, while the control group was given NGT. Before and after one month, both groups were evaluated using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), and such nutritional indicators as body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (Hb) levels, albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB), skinfold at the triceps (TSF) and arm muscle circumference (AMC) were measured. The morphology of each subject′s epiglottis, any edema of the arytenoid mucosa and vocal cord mobility were assessed using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Murray Secretion Scale ratings were documented, along with laryngeal sensation during swallowing, swallowing reflex, the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale, and the Rosenbek Penetration-aspiration Scale. Results:Both groups showed significant improvement in their average FOIS scores and all of the nutritional descriptors, but with significantly greater improvement in the observation group. Abnormalities in the shape of the epiglottis, arytenoid edema and vocal cord mobility had decreased significantly in both groups. This was also true of larynx sensation, swallowing reflex, pharyngeal secretions, residue and penetration/aspiration. On average the improvements were significantly greater in the observation group.Conclusion:Compared with NGT, IOE more effectively improves swallowing, enhances airway functioning and reduces NGT syndrome among PSD patients. These observations support its clinical adoption.

Objective:To measure the cerebral cortical activity by the functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS during the bilateral single-leg standing in population with chronic ankle instability(CAI)and healthy controls.Method:Sixteen healthy participants without any sprains and 16 participants with unilateral CAI were recruit-ed.The fNIRS was used to collect the brain function signals during the bilateral single-leg standing task.Based on the concentration of oxyhemoglobin(HbO2),the functional activation(β value)of each brain region of the two groups was calculated,and the differences between the groups during the tasks were compared in nine brain regions,including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),primary sensory area(S1),supplemen-tary motor area(SMA),and middle temporal gyrus(MTG).Result:Compared to healthy participants,CAI participants exhibited significantly increased cortical activity based on the β value in right SMA(ch28)and left Wernicke's area(ch51)during the single-leg standing on the injured side.During the single-leg standing on the uninjured side,CAI participants exhibited significantly increased cortical activity in the right side of DLPFC(ch15),S1(ch33)and MTG(ch40).Conclusion:The cerebral cortex activation in patients with CAI is different from that in healthy people,ac-cording to the neural mechanism of posture control.There is a higher activation of DLPFC,S1,MTG,SMA,and Wernicke's area in CAI patients during the state of postural control.

Objective:To discern the association between autism-like behaviors and resilience within the ado-lescent demographic.Methods:A total of 7 063 middle school students were selected to assess ASD-like behaviors and resilience in adolescents using the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire(ASSQ)as well as the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent(RSCA).Subgroups bounded by P5 and P95 of the total ASSQ score,a comparative analysis of the resilience scores between these groups was executed.A correlation evaluation and linear regression a-nalysis was carried out between ASSQ and RSCA scores from all participants.Results:The RSCA scores within the high ASSQ scoring group,were inferior to those in the low scoring group.ASSQ scores were negatively correlated with RSCA scores for the full sample(Ps＜0.01);Social interaction scores on the ASSQ were negatively correlated with the five-factor RSCA scores(β=-0.23,-0.27,-0.11,-0.23,-0.37,Ps＜0.05).Conclusion:There was a negative association between autism spectrum disorder-like behaviors and resilience in adolescents,with more severe social interaction symptoms being associated with poorer resilience.

Objective:To measure the cerebral cortical activity by the functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS during the bilateral single-leg standing in population with chronic ankle instability(CAI)and healthy controls.Method:Sixteen healthy participants without any sprains and 16 participants with unilateral CAI were recruit-ed.The fNIRS was used to collect the brain function signals during the bilateral single-leg standing task.Based on the concentration of oxyhemoglobin(HbO2),the functional activation(β value)of each brain region of the two groups was calculated,and the differences between the groups during the tasks were compared in nine brain regions,including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),primary sensory area(S1),supplemen-tary motor area(SMA),and middle temporal gyrus(MTG).Result:Compared to healthy participants,CAI participants exhibited significantly increased cortical activity based on the β value in right SMA(ch28)and left Wernicke's area(ch51)during the single-leg standing on the injured side.During the single-leg standing on the uninjured side,CAI participants exhibited significantly increased cortical activity in the right side of DLPFC(ch15),S1(ch33)and MTG(ch40).Conclusion:The cerebral cortex activation in patients with CAI is different from that in healthy people,ac-cording to the neural mechanism of posture control.There is a higher activation of DLPFC,S1,MTG,SMA,and Wernicke's area in CAI patients during the state of postural control.

Objective:To discern the association between autism-like behaviors and resilience within the ado-lescent demographic.Methods:A total of 7 063 middle school students were selected to assess ASD-like behaviors and resilience in adolescents using the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire(ASSQ)as well as the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent(RSCA).Subgroups bounded by P5 and P95 of the total ASSQ score,a comparative analysis of the resilience scores between these groups was executed.A correlation evaluation and linear regression a-nalysis was carried out between ASSQ and RSCA scores from all participants.Results:The RSCA scores within the high ASSQ scoring group,were inferior to those in the low scoring group.ASSQ scores were negatively correlated with RSCA scores for the full sample(Ps＜0.01);Social interaction scores on the ASSQ were negatively correlated with the five-factor RSCA scores(β=-0.23,-0.27,-0.11,-0.23,-0.37,Ps＜0.05).Conclusion:There was a negative association between autism spectrum disorder-like behaviors and resilience in adolescents,with more severe social interaction symptoms being associated with poorer resilience.

Objective:To compare the effects of intermittent oro-esophageal tube feeding (IOE) and nasogastric tube feeding (NGT) on nutritional status, complications, swallowing function and airway protection in persons with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD).Methods:Sixty PSD patients were randomized into an observation group ( n=30) and a control group ( n=30). In addition to conventional medication and swallowing rehabilitation, the observation group received supplemental IOE nutrition, while the control group was given NGT. Before and after one month, both groups were evaluated using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), and such nutritional indicators as body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (Hb) levels, albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB), skinfold at the triceps (TSF) and arm muscle circumference (AMC) were measured. The morphology of each subject′s epiglottis, any edema of the arytenoid mucosa and vocal cord mobility were assessed using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Murray Secretion Scale ratings were documented, along with laryngeal sensation during swallowing, swallowing reflex, the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale, and the Rosenbek Penetration-aspiration Scale. Results:Both groups showed significant improvement in their average FOIS scores and all of the nutritional descriptors, but with significantly greater improvement in the observation group. Abnormalities in the shape of the epiglottis, arytenoid edema and vocal cord mobility had decreased significantly in both groups. This was also true of larynx sensation, swallowing reflex, pharyngeal secretions, residue and penetration/aspiration. On average the improvements were significantly greater in the observation group.Conclusion:Compared with NGT, IOE more effectively improves swallowing, enhances airway functioning and reduces NGT syndrome among PSD patients. These observations support its clinical adoption.

Objective:To explore the role of interaction between stearidonic acid (SDA) and fatty acid desaturase 2 ( FADS2) rs174570 genotyping in the cognitive function of schizophrenia (SCH). Methods:This study is a case-control study, patients with first-episode, drug-na?ve schizophrenia were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University′s Department of Psychiatry from October 2017 to October 2019. Healthy controls were recruited through advertisements and medical examinations during the same period. Peripheral blood SDA levels of the SCH patient group and the control group were measured and compared using liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS), and paired sample t-test was conducted to analyze the changes in the patient group before and after treatment with risperidone. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used for analyzing the key enzyme of SDA, and analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the relationship between FADS2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and the level of SDA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were used to assess the severity of psychotic symptoms and cognitive function, the comparison between the two groups was conducted by independent sample t-test, and the changes before and after risperidone treatment were analyzed by paired sample t-test. Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the interaction of SDA and FADS2 rs174570 genotyping, and cognitive impairment in SCH. Results:SDA levels were significantly lower in the SCH group compared to the control group ( t=-10.67, P<0.001). Cognitive score in patients with SCH were lower than that of HCs ( t=-10.30—-3.30, P<0.05 for all). Low levels of SDA in patients with SCH were positively correlated with the score of speed of processing (SOP; r=0.406, P<0.001) at baseline. After six months of treatment with risperidone, serum levels of SDA increased from (3.6±1.9) μmol/L to (4.4±2.3) μmol/L, and paired t-tests showed significant difference ( t=-2.29, P=0.024). The change of SDA levels before and after risperidone treatment was positively correlated with the change of SOP scores ( r=0.327, P=0.002). FADS2 rs174570 genotyping were significantly associated with SDA levels ( F=3.74, P=0.027) and cognitive function scores of SOP ( F=4.28, P=0.017), and attention/vigilance (AV; F=6.74, P=0.002). Pairwise comparisons showed that CC carriers of rs174570 genotype had higher SDA levels than CT and TT carriers ( P=0.024, and 0.048, respectively), and higher total scores of SOP, AV and MCCB than CT carriers ( P=0.006, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively). The interaction of SDA and FADS2 rs174570 genotyping were associated with cognitive function SOP scores in patients with SCH (β=1.82, P=0.029). Conclusion:The interaction of SDA and FADS2 rs174570 genotyping is associated with the cognitive function in patients with SCH.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of the combined preoperative albumin-globulin score (AGS) and skeletal muscle index (SMI), referred to as the CAS classification, in predicting postoperative outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer.Methods:The clinical data from 265 patients who underwent surgical treatment and were pathologically confirmed to have pancreatic cancer at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January 2012 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were randomly divided into a training group ( n=184) and a validation group ( n=81) in a 7∶3 ratio. Patients' age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, alcohol consumption history, previous history of metabolic diseases, AGS, SMI, and CAS classifications within 7 days before surgery, preoperative upper abdominal CT imaging features, presence of vascular and neural invasion, and lymph node metastasis were recorded. Patients with AGS grade 0 were classified into the low AGS group ( n=48), while those with AGS grades 1 and 2 were classified into the high AGS group ( n=136). The optimal cutoff value for SMI was determined using X-tile software: male patients with SMI>42.6 cm 2/m 2 or female patients with SMI>37.8 cm 2/m 2 were categorized into the high SMI group ( n=125), while those below these thresholds were categorized into the low SMI group ( n=59). Patients with AGS grade 0 and SMI>42.6 cm 2/m 2 for males or >37.8 cm 2/m 2 for females were classified into the CAS grade 1 group (n=32). Patients with AGS grades 1 or 2 and SMI ≤42.6 cm 2/m 2 for males or ≤37.8 cm 2/m 2 for females were classified into the CAS grade 3 group ( n=43). The remaining patients were classified into the CAS grade 2 group ( n=109). Clinical characteristics were compared across these groups. Cumulative survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival curves were plotted to analyze the relationship between AGS, SMI, and CAS classifications and overall survival after pancreatic cancer surgery. Differences among groups were assessed using the Log-Rank test. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the predictive efficacy of AGS, SMI, and CAS on postoperative survival. Results:Compared to the high AGS group, the low AGS group exhibited higher SMI values [(46.17±9.63) cm 2/m 2vs (44.11±7.43) cm 2/m 2], and a lower incidence of lymph node metastasis (16 vs 66, 33.3% vs 48.5%). The mortality rate in the low AGS group was 50.0%(24/48), significantly lower than the 70.6% (96/136) observed in the high AGS group, with a median overall survival of 22.08 months (95% CI 16.87-29.62) longer than 13.1 months (95% CI 8.84-18.82) in high AGS group. Compared to the low SMI group, the high SMI group had a lower prevalence of metabolic diseases (26.4% vs 44.1%). The mortality rate in the low SMI group was 78.0% (46/59), higher than the 58.4% (73/125) in the high SMI group, with a median overall survival of 12.97 months (95% CI 9.37-18.20) obviously shorter than 16.20 months (95% CI 10.7-24.12) in high SMI group. Lymph node metastasis rate for CAS grade 1, 2, and 3 was 34.4% ( n=11), 44.0% ( n=48), and 62.8% ( n=27), respectively, with corresponding mortality rate of 34.3% (11/32), 67.9% (74/109), and 79.1% (34/43), and median overall survival time of 25.55 months (95% CI 19.49-30.07), 14.10 months (95% CI 10.22-19.14), and 12.5 months (95% CI 8.53-18.00), respectively. All the differences were statistically significant (all P value <0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses demonstrated that patients in the low AGS group had significantly longer overall survival than those in the high AGS group in both the training and validation cohorts. Similarly, patients in the high SMI group had longer overall survival compared to those in the low SMI group. Notably, patients in CAS grade 1 exhibited the longest overall survival, whereas those in CAS grade 3 had the shortest. ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC for CAS classification was superior in the training cohort (0.649) compared to AGS (0.588) and SMI (0.593), and in the validation cohort (0.644) compared to AGS (0.587) and SMI (0.577). Conclusions:CAS classification could effectively predict postoperative prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients, with higher CAS grades correlating with poorer outcomes.

Objective:To explore the role of interaction between stearidonic acid (SDA) and fatty acid desaturase 2 ( FADS2) rs174570 genotyping in the cognitive function of schizophrenia (SCH). Methods:This study is a case-control study, patients with first-episode, drug-na?ve schizophrenia were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University′s Department of Psychiatry from October 2017 to October 2019. Healthy controls were recruited through advertisements and medical examinations during the same period. Peripheral blood SDA levels of the SCH patient group and the control group were measured and compared using liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS), and paired sample t-test was conducted to analyze the changes in the patient group before and after treatment with risperidone. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used for analyzing the key enzyme of SDA, and analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the relationship between FADS2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and the level of SDA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were used to assess the severity of psychotic symptoms and cognitive function, the comparison between the two groups was conducted by independent sample t-test, and the changes before and after risperidone treatment were analyzed by paired sample t-test. Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the interaction of SDA and FADS2 rs174570 genotyping, and cognitive impairment in SCH. Results:SDA levels were significantly lower in the SCH group compared to the control group ( t=-10.67, P<0.001). Cognitive score in patients with SCH were lower than that of HCs ( t=-10.30—-3.30, P<0.05 for all). Low levels of SDA in patients with SCH were positively correlated with the score of speed of processing (SOP; r=0.406, P<0.001) at baseline. After six months of treatment with risperidone, serum levels of SDA increased from (3.6±1.9) μmol/L to (4.4±2.3) μmol/L, and paired t-tests showed significant difference ( t=-2.29, P=0.024). The change of SDA levels before and after risperidone treatment was positively correlated with the change of SOP scores ( r=0.327, P=0.002). FADS2 rs174570 genotyping were significantly associated with SDA levels ( F=3.74, P=0.027) and cognitive function scores of SOP ( F=4.28, P=0.017), and attention/vigilance (AV; F=6.74, P=0.002). Pairwise comparisons showed that CC carriers of rs174570 genotype had higher SDA levels than CT and TT carriers ( P=0.024, and 0.048, respectively), and higher total scores of SOP, AV and MCCB than CT carriers ( P=0.006, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively). The interaction of SDA and FADS2 rs174570 genotyping were associated with cognitive function SOP scores in patients with SCH (β=1.82, P=0.029). Conclusion:The interaction of SDA and FADS2 rs174570 genotyping is associated with the cognitive function in patients with SCH.

Objective:To analyze the clinical adverse events of the first carbon ion therapy system in radiotherapy for cancer patients in China.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical trial monitoring data of the carbon ion therapy system obtained by the Pharmacovigilance Center of Gansu Province. A descriptive study was conducted on the demographic characteristics, radiotherapy techniques, irradiation site and dose parameters, postoperative follow-up, and adverse event information of 46 tumor patients who received carbon ion therapy and participated in the clinical trial in Wuwei Cancer Hospital, Gansu Province from November 2018 to February 2019. Frequency and percentage were used to describe and analyze the occurrence of adverse events after carbon ion therapy for cancer patients in different groups. All subjects who received radiotherapy were grouped according to the treatment dose and fractionation method.Results:The median age of the 46 patients was 47 years old, and the male to female ratio was 30∶16. There were 15, 5, 8, 9, and 9 patients with head and neck, chest, abdomen, pelvic cavity, and limb spinal tumors, respectively. The total duration of radiotherapy was 2-4 weeks for 10-16 times. There were 246 adverse events in 45 cases, with an incidence of 98%. No severe adverse events occurred. The adverse events definitely related to carbon ion devices accounted for 19.1%, and no severe adverse events related to carbon ion devices occurred. According to the evaluation criteria of common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE), the main adverse events were CTCAE grade 2 and below, with only 1 (2%) head and neck tumor patient (nasopharyngeal malignant tumor) experienced CTCAE grade 3 adverse events after treatment. In addition, 43 patients developed acute adverse reactions, with an incidence of 93%, mainly involving the skin, mucosa, eyes, ears, pharynx and esophagus, upper gastrointestinal tract, lower gastrointestinal tract (including pelvic cavity), lung, genitourinary tract, heart, central nervous system and hematology (white blood cells, platelets and neutrophils), etc. Conclusion:The adverse reactions of patients treated with the first carbon ion therapy system are mainly CTCAE grade 2 and below, and the clinical adverse events are mild and controllable.