ObjectiveTo detect the proportion of splenic follicular helper T （Tfh） cells and their functionally related cytokine expression levels in the incomplete embryo implantation disorder （EID） model mice， and to explore the immunological mechanism of Tfh in infertility caused by embryo implantation disorder. MethodsSixteen female Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups， with eight mice in each group. On day 4 of pregnancy， an incomplete EID mouse model was established by oral gavage of mifepristone suspension， while an equal volume of saline was administered to the control group. On day 8 of pregnancy， the mice were euthanized. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of Tfh cells in the spleen lymphocytes of both incomplete EID mice and normal control mice. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma 6 （Bcl-6） and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 protein （CXCR5） in the spleen lymphocytes of both groups. Western blot was employed to assess the protein expression levels of Bcl-6 and CXCR5 in the spleen lymphocytes of both groups. Serum levels of interleukin-4 （IL-4）， IL-6， and IL-21 were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to observe the expression levels of progesterone receptor （PR）， Bcl-6， and CXCR5 proteins in the uterine endometrial tissue of mice in both groups. ResultsIncomplete-type EID mice had a reduced number of embryo implantation points and reduced endometrial PR expression. Flow assay results showed that the proportion of CD4⁺CXCR5⁺Tfh cells in splenic lymphocytes of incomplete-type EID mice was significantly higher than that of normal controls （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal control group， Bcl-6 and CXCR5 mRNA levels and protein levels were elevated in splenic lymphocytes of incomplete EID mice， with statistically significant differences （P<0.05）； serum IL-4， IL-6， and IL-21 levels were elevated in incomplete EID mice， and Bcl-6 and CXCR5 proteins in the endometrium were significantly elevated （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe increase of Tfh cells and their associated cytokines Bcl-6 and CXCR5 is associated with the development of incomplete EID， and may be involved in the development of female immune infertility.

SMYD5 is a ribosomal methyltransferase with SET and MYND structural domains， which is a member of the SMYD family and is expressed in a variety of tissues， including ovary and testis. This enzyme participates in biological processes such as gene expression regulation， cell development and differentiation， and maintenance of genomic stability through ribosomal protein methylation modification. In recent years， research on SMYD5 has increased in cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， and lung cancer. Studies have revealed that SMYD5 exhibits high expression levels in various diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， lung cancer， and inflammatory bowel disease， influencing the progression of these conditions. This review summarizes the role of SMYD5 in hepatocellular carcinoma， inflammatory bowel disease， and other biological functions， aiming to provide a reference for related disease research.

Objective This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of multi-slice spiral CT in early lung cancer and provide evidence for clinical differentiation. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 86 patients with early-stage lung cancer admitted to our hospital between March 2020 and February 2025. All patients underwent MSCT examination. Using pathological examination as the gold standard, the consistency between MSCT and the gold standard was analyzed. CT sign differences among patients with different pathological types of lung cancer were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between CT signs and the degree of adenocarcinoma infiltration. Results MSCT examination showed positive findings in 75 cases of adenocarcinoma, with a sensitivity of 97.40%, a specificity of 88.89%, a positive predictive value of 98.68%, a negative predictive value of 80.00%, an accuracy of 96.51%, and a Kappa value of 0.823. Significant differences were found in the proportions of tumor maximum diameter > 2 cm, vacuole sign, ground-glass opacity sign, lobulation sign, spiculation sign, air bronchogram sign, pleural indentation sign, and vascular convergence sign (P<0.05), and these proportions increased progressively from carcinoma in situ to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma to invasive adenocarcinoma. Pearson correlation analysis showed that tumor maximum diameter, vacuole sign, ground-glass opacity sign, and pleural indentation sign were positively correlated with adenocarcinoma, while spiculation sign and vascular convergence sign were negatively correlated with adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). Conclusion MSCT demonstrates high diagnostic efficiency for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma and can provide a reference for early clinical evaluation.

Objective To explore the psychological experiences of operating room nurses participating in organ transplant surgeries, providing a basis for medical institutions to develop targeted psychological support programs. Methods Using a phenomenological research method, semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted from January to March 2026 with 17 operating room nurses who had participated in organ transplant surgeries at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai. Interviews were recorded, and observations were made. The interview data were analyzed, summarized, and themes were refined using Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method. Results The psychological experiences of operating room nurses participating in organ transplant surgeries were identified as 5 main themes and 14 sub-themes: emotional impact and empathy load (shock and grief confronting life and death, deep empathy for patients and families, awe and gratitude towards organ donors); pressure experience and physical-mental exhaustion (urgency under time pressure, load of operational precision requirements, excessive consumption of physical and mental resources); cognitive appraisal and meaning construction (reappraisal of professional value, deep reflection on the meaning of life, positioning and identification of one’s role); coping strategies and adjustment process (active learning and experiential reflection, self-emotional regulation and social support); growth experience and psychological transformation (enhancement of psychological resilience, establishment of professional confidence, deepening of professional mission). Conclusions Operating room nurses undergo complex and profound psychological experiences while participating in organ transplant surgeries, enduring strong emotional impact and physical-mental stress while also achieving psychological growth and deepening professional identity through practice. Nursing managers should pay attention to the mental health of this group and construct a multi-level support system to promote their physical and psychological well-being.

Objective: To systematically analyze the revisions content and technological development trends of microbiological standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) 2025 Edition, and explore its novel requirements in risk-based pharmaceutical product lifecycle management.
Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted on 26 microbiological-related standards to summarize the revision directions and scientific implications from perspectives including the revision overview, international harmonization of microbiological standards, risk-based quality management system, and novel tools and methods with Chinese characteristics.
Results: The ChP 2025 edition demonstrates three prominent features in microbiological-related standards: enhanced international harmonization, introduced emerging molecular biological technologies, and established a risk-based microbiological quality control system.
Conclusion: The new edition of the Pharmacopoeia has systematically constructed a microbiological standard system, which significantly improves the scientificity, standardization and applicability of the standards, providing a crucial support for advancing the microbiological quality control in pharmaceutical industries of China.

In recent years,significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease.In line with global advancements,two anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies have been approved and successfully launched in China for clinical use.Lecanemab and Donanemab were officially used in June 2024 and April 2025 in China,respectively.In order to standardize the rational and safe application of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer's disease in China,this article integrates recom-mendations from the clinical trials and real-world experience from the author's team and domestic peers to further update the recom-mendations for the clinical use of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibody based on the 2024 version.It includes indications for therapy,pre-treatment evaluation and preparation,administration protocols and safety measures during treatment,and post-treatment monitor-ing strategies.

In China,lung cancer ranks first in the incidence and death of malignant tumors.Early diagnosis and timely treatment can significantly improve the survival rate of lung cancer.However,75％of patients are already in the advanced stage at the time of initial diagnosis,missing the best treatment opportunity.Lung nodules are the manifestations of early lung cancer.How to accurately distinguish benign and malignant pul-monary nodules and avoid missing diagnosis of malignant lung nodules and over-treatment of benign lung nod-ules are important clinical problems.Liquid biopsy has the advantages of non-invasiveness,high reproducibili-ty,operability,easy dynamic monitoring and overcoming tumor heterogeneity,which can realize early detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors.Besides,it is the most potential precision tumor detection technology,which is expected to become a breakthrough in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lung nodules.This arti-cle reviews the research and application of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis of lung nodules in recent years,in or-der to provide ideas for clinical application and future research.

This article outlines the formulation process of the local standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chronic Disease Management Guideline for Menopausal Women with Emotional Disorders(DB44/T 2547-2024;hereafter referred to as the"Guideline").By analyzing its structural framework and content,this study elucidates the TCM-specific chronic disease management strategies incorporated in the Guidelines,aiming to supply references to the development of similar standards and provide guidance for TCM chronic disease management practices.The development for the Guideline involved a multi-dimensional evidence collection process,including literature review,summary of expert experience,and expert consultations.By employing a multi-dimensional evidence-based approach,the Guideline has effectively integrated diverse evidence sources,and ensures the standard formulation being scientific and precise.The Guideline proposes the requirements for TCM-specific chronic disease management of menopausal women with emotional disorders firstly.By incorporating TCM lifestyle regulation,TCM emotional management,TCM dietary therapy,medication guidance,exercise therapies,and distinctive external treatments,the Guideline has developed into a comprehensive TCM chronic disease management system for prevention,treatment,rehabilitation and health preservation.The integrated approach effectively reduces the recurrence of emotional disorder and enhances quality of life of the patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of airway mucus plugging in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).Methods:This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A total of 322 hospitalized AECOPD patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from February 2023 to February 2025 were enrolled. Based on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of airway mucus plugging, patients were classified into mucus plugging and non-mucus plugging groups. General and clinical data were collected, including age, sex, disease duration, smoking and alcohol history, comorbidities, number of acute exacerbations in the past year, routine blood tests, biochemical indices, pulmonary function, and pathogen detection. The incidence of airway mucus plugging in AECOPD patients was calculated, and differences in baseline characteristics, laboratory parameters, and pulmonary function between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for mucus plugging, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive value of relevant indicators.Results:Of the 322 enrolled patients, 87(27.02%) were found to have airway mucus plugging. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the mucus plug group and the non-plug group in the following parameters (all P<0.05): body mass index (BMI), disease duration, smoking status, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification, modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, frequency of acute exacerbations, neutrophil percentage, absolute lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, D-dimer, Aspergillus infection rate, percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to predicted value (FEV 1%pred), ratio of FEV 1 to forced vital capacity (FEV 1/FVC), and percentage of maximal mid-expiratory flow to predicted value (MMEF 75/25%pred). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following as independent risk factors for airway mucus plugs (all P<0.05): elevated CRP ( OR=1.022, 95% CI: 1.013-1.036), decreased albumin ( OR=0.891, 95% CI: 0.825-0.959), Aspergillus infection ( OR=1.774, 95% CI: 1.366-2.317), and reduced MMEF 75/25%pred value ( OR=0.978, 95% CI: 0.964-0.990). ROC curve analysis showed that the combined predictive model incorporating CRP, albumin, Aspergillus infection, and MMEF 75/25%pred had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.776(95% CI: 0.714-0.838), which was superior to each individual indicator alone, with AUCs of 0.721 for CRP, 0.687 for albumin, 0.579 for Aspergillus infection, and 0.631 for MMEF 75/25%pred. Conclusions:AECOPD patients with airway mucus plugging exhibit higher inflammatory markers, poorer nutritional status, a higher likelihood of Aspergillus infection, worse pulmonary function, and poorer prognosis. Aspergillus infection, elevated CRP, decreased albumin, and reduced MMEF 75/25%pred are independent risk factors for mucus plugs in AECOPD.

Objective:To utilize single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to untangle the temporal expression profiles of molecules associated with congenital tooth agenesis and dental hard tissue formation during mouse molar development, and to construct a comprehensive cell atlas spanning the entire developmental period from E13.5 to P7.5, thereby providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal tooth development.Methods:scRNA-seq data of murine mandibular molar tooth germs at five developmental stages (E13.5, E14.5, E16.5, P3.5, P7.5) were obtained from the GEO database (accession: GSE189381). The Seurat pipeline was employed for quality control, data normalization, dimensionality reduction, and Harmony-based batch effect correction. Cellular subpopulations were identified through uniform manifold approximation and projection dimensionality reduction, while developmental trajectories were reconstructed using Monocle for pseudotime analysis.Results:scRNA-seq analysis profiling identified 27 distinct cellular clusters, which were annotated into twelve major cell types including epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and endothelial cells. Msx1 exhibited a bimodal expression pattern. Pax9 reached its peak at E14.5 and then gradually decreased. Eda had a low expression level with a diffuse distribution. In contrast, Amelx and Enam were barely expressed during the embryonic stage and were activated at P3.5. Dspp was ectopically highly expressed in epithelial cells from P3.5 to P7.5, while Dmp1 was specifically upregulated in mesenchymal cells at P7.5.Conclusions:The temporal expression patterns of key regulatory genes for tooth agenesis (Msx1, Pax9, Eda), ameloblast differentiation (Amelx, Enam), and odontoblast development (Dspp, Dmp1) during mouse molar development. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and potential therapeutic targets for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying tooth agenesis and other developmental dental anomalies, paving the way for targeted clinical interventions.