Bone repair remains an important target in tissue engineering, making the development of bioactive scaffolds for effective bone defect repair a critical objective. In this study, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds incorporated with processed pyritum decoction (PPD) were fabricated using three-dimensional (3D) printing-assisted freeze-casting. The produced composite scaffolds were evaluated for their mechanical strength, physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, in vitro pro-angiogenic activity, and in vivo efficacy in repairing rabbit femoral defects. They not only demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties, enhanced mechanical strength, and good biosafety but also significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and aggregation of pro-angiogenic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo studies revealed that all scaffold groups facilitated osteogenesis at the bone defect site, with the β-TCP scaffolds loaded with PPD markedly enhancing the expression of neurogenic locus Notch homolog protein 1 (Notch1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and osteopontin (OPN). Overall, the scaffolds developed in this study exhibited strong angiogenic and osteogenic capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. The incorporation of PPD notably promoted the angiogenic-osteogenic coupling, thereby accelerating bone repair, which suggests that PPD is a promising material for bone repair and that the PPD/β-TCP scaffolds hold great potential as a bone graft alternative.
Calcium Phosphates/chemistry* ; Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Rabbits ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Humans ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Osteogenesis ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Biomimetic Materials ; Cell Proliferation ; Angiogenesis

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective Based on the"preventive treatment of disease"theory and real-world data,this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yangyin Shugan Formula in patients with ovarian dysfunction characterized by the syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver depression at different stages and to provide evidence for optimizing the timing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)management.Methods Ovarian dysfunction patients under 40 years old characterized by syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver depression,registered in the outpatient electronic medical records of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2023,were stratified into three groups:subclinical POI,POI,and premature ovarian failure(POF)groups.The therapeutic outcomes of the three groups of patients were compared,including TCM syndrome total response rates,menstrual total response rates/normalization(cured)rates,base follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)total response rate/normalization rates and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)levels.Results A total of 307 patients meeting the research criteria were included(97 cases in subclinical POI group,112 cases in POI group,and 98 cases in POF group).The TCM syndrome total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(98.97%,96/97)>POI group(95.54%,107/112)>POF group(83.67%,82/98),with the POF group was lower than that of the subclinical POI and POI groups(P<0.017);while the difference of the subclinical POI group with the POI group was not significant.Menstrual total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(97.22%,70/72)>POI group(72.32%,81/112)>POF group(51.02%,50/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017);normalization rates ranked as subclinical POI group(90.28%,65/72)>POI group(54.46%,61/112)>POF group(26.53%,26/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017).FSH total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(89.69%,87/97)>POI group(81.25%,91/112)>POF group(60.20%,59/98),while POF group was lower than that of the other two groups(P<0.017),and the difference of the subclinical POI group with the POI group was not significant.Normalization FSH rates ranked as subclinical POI group(71.13%,69/97)>POI group(53.57%,60/112)>POF group(16.33%,16/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017).Compared with before treatment,the FSH levels in all three groups decreased after treatment(P<0.01).The reduction of FSH in the POF and POI groups were better than that in the subclinical P OI group(P<0.017).No significant difference was observed in the reduction of FSH between the POI and POF groups.Post-treatment AMH elevation observed in the subclinical POI and POI groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Yangyin Shugan Formula improves the menstrual conditions and TCM syndromes across all the stages.It also improves elevated FSH levels across all the stages and has a specific effect on normalizing FSH and menstruation.Yangyin Shugan Formula increases the AMH levels of patients with subclinical POI and POI,highlighting the applicability of TCM in staged preventive management.

The incomplete degradation of tumour cells by macrophages(Mφ)is a contributing factor to tumour progression and metastasis,and the degradation function of Mφ is mediated through phagosomes and lysosomes.In our preliminary experiments,we found that overactivation of NADPH oxidase 2(NOX2)reduced the ability of Mφ to degrade engulfed tumour cells.Above this,we screened out liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,which can significantly inhibit NOX2 activity and inhibit tumours,to elucidate that suppressing NOX2 can enhance the ability of Mφ to degrade tumour cells.We found that the tumour environment could activate the NOX2 activity in Mφ phagosomes,causing Mφ to produce excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),thus prohibiting the formation of phagolysosomes before degradation.Conversely,inhibiting NOX2 in Mφ by liquiritin can reduce ROS and promote phagosome-lysosome fusion,therefore improving the enzymatic degradation of tumour cells after phagocytosis,and subse-quently promote T cell activity by presenting antigens.We further confirmed that liquiritin down-regulated the expression of the NOX2 specific membrane component protein gp91 phox,blocking its binding to the NOX2 cytoplasmic component proteins p67 phox and p47 phox,thereby inhibiting the activity of NOX2.This study elucidates the specific mechanism by which Mφ cannot degrade tumour cells after phagocytosis,and indicates that liquiritin can promote the ability of Mφ to degrade tumour cells by suppressing NOX2.

Objective : To analyze the influencing factors associated with the coexistence of multidrug-resistantEscherichia coli(MDR-ECO) infection and active tuberculosis(ATB) in patients with lung infections. Methods: A total of 204 hospitalized patients with lung infections caused by MDR-ECO were enrolled. Among them, patients with coexisting ATB were identified and assigned to the observation group. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors for the coexistence of MDR-ECO lung infection and ATB. Results : Factors such as patient age, neutrophil count, hemoglobin level, malignancy, rheumatoid arthritis, history of antibiotic exposure, and history of surgery within the past year were found to be influencing factors for the coexistence of MDR-ECO lung infection and ATB(allP<0.05). Specifically, advanced age(95%CI: 0.949-0.992,P=0.008), decreased neutrophils(95%CI: 0.750-0.922,P<0.001), and a history of antibiotic exposure(95%CI: 1.202-2.596,P=0.004) were identified as risk factors. Conclusion Some patients with MDR-ECO lung infections are prone to coexisting with ATB. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen ATB screening among high-risk patients, including those at peak ages for susceptibility, with low neutrophil counts, and with a history of antibiotic exposure.

Objective To explore the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the standardized training of thoracic surgery residents, specifically in enhancing clinical skills and anatomical understanding through AI-assisted lung nodule identification and lung segment anatomy teaching. Methods Thoracic surgery residents undergoing standardized training at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2023 to September 2024 were selected. They were randomly assigned to a trial group and a control group using a random number table. The trial group used AI-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction technology for lung nodule identification, while the control group used conventional chest CT images. After basic teaching and self-practice, the ability to identify lung nodules on the same patient CT images was evaluated, and feedback was collected through questionnaires. Results A total of 72 residents participated in the study, including 30 (41.7%) males and 42 (58.3%) females, with an average age of (24.0±3.0) years. The trial group showed significantly better overall diagnostic accuracy for lung nodules (91.9% vs. 73.3%) and lung segment identification (100.0% vs. 83.70%) compared to the control group, and the reading time was significantly shorter [ (118.5±10.5) s vs. (332.1±20.2) s, P<0.01]. Questionnaire results indicated that 94.4% of the residents had a positive attitude toward AI technology, and 91.7% believed that it improved diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion AI-assisted teaching significantly improves thoracic surgery residents’ ability to read images and clinical thinking, providing a new direction for the reform of standardized training.

The incomplete degradation of tumour cells by macrophages (Mϕ) is a contributing factor to tumour progression and metastasis, and the degradation function of Mϕ is mediated through phagosomes and lysosomes. In our preliminary experiments, we found that overactivation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) reduced the ability of Mϕ to degrade engulfed tumour cells. Above this, we screened out liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, which can significantly inhibit NOX2 activity and inhibit tumours, to elucidate that suppressing NOX2 can enhance the ability of Mϕ to degrade tumour cells. We found that the tumour environment could activate the NOX2 activity in Mϕ phagosomes, causing Mϕ to produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus prohibiting the formation of phagolysosomes before degradation. Conversely, inhibiting NOX2 in Mϕ by liquiritin can reduce ROS and promote phagosome-lysosome fusion, therefore improving the enzymatic degradation of tumour cells after phagocytosis, and subsequently promote T cell activity by presenting antigens. We further confirmed that liquiritin down-regulated the expression of the NOX2 specific membrane component protein gp91 phox, blocking its binding to the NOX2 cytoplasmic component proteins p67 phox and p47 phox, thereby inhibiting the activity of NOX2. This study elucidates the specific mechanism by which Mϕ cannot degrade tumour cells after phagocytosis, and indicates that liquiritin can promote the ability of Mϕ to degrade tumour cells by suppressing NOX2.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ameliorative effect and potential mechanism of imperatorin(IMP)on doxorubicin(DOX)resistance in breast cancer.METHODS The effects of maximum non-toxic concentration(100 μg/mL)of IMP combined with different concentrations of DOX(12.5,25,50,75,100 μg/mL)on the proliferation of MCF-7/DOX cells were determined by MTT method.MCF-7/DOX cells were divided into blank control group(1‰ dimethyl sulfoxide),DOX group(50 μg/mL),IMP+DOX group(100 μg/mL IMP+50 μg/mL DOX)and IMP group(100 μg/mL).mRNA and protein expressions of multidrug resistance protein 1(MDR1)and multidrug resistance-associated protein l in each group were measured.The relevant pathways and targets involved in the improvement of DOX resistance in breast cancer cells by IMP were screened and validated by using transcriptome sequencing technology,along with gene ontology(GO)enrichment analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.RESULTS Compared with DOX alone,the combination of IMP and DOX reduced the half inhibitory concentration of DOX on MCF-7/DOX cells from 81.965 μg/mL to 43.170 μg/mL,the reverse fold was 1.90,and the mRNA expression of MDR1 was significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05).The results of GO enrichment analyses and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the reversal of DOX resistance in breast cancer by IMP was mainly associated with the regulation of biological processes such as detoxification,multiple biological processes,and cell killing.The main pathway involved was the p53 signaling pathway,and the key targets mainly included constitutively photomorphogenic protein 1(COP1),cyclin E1(CCNE1),growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45A(GADD45A)and GADD45B.The results of the verification experiments showed that compared with DOX group,there was a trend of up-regulation of COP1 mRNA,and significant down-regulation of CCNE1,GADD45A,and GADD45B mRNA expression in IMP+DOX group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS The effect of IMP in ameliorating DOX resistance in breast cancer is related to its regulation of COP1,CCNE1,GADD45A and GADD45B targets in the p53 signaling pathway.

Objective Based on the"preventive treatment of disease"theory and real-world data,this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yangyin Shugan Formula in patients with ovarian dysfunction characterized by the syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver depression at different stages and to provide evidence for optimizing the timing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)management.Methods Ovarian dysfunction patients under 40 years old characterized by syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver depression,registered in the outpatient electronic medical records of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2023,were stratified into three groups:subclinical POI,POI,and premature ovarian failure(POF)groups.The therapeutic outcomes of the three groups of patients were compared,including TCM syndrome total response rates,menstrual total response rates/normalization(cured)rates,base follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)total response rate/normalization rates and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)levels.Results A total of 307 patients meeting the research criteria were included(97 cases in subclinical POI group,112 cases in POI group,and 98 cases in POF group).The TCM syndrome total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(98.97%,96/97)>POI group(95.54%,107/112)>POF group(83.67%,82/98),with the POF group was lower than that of the subclinical POI and POI groups(P<0.017);while the difference of the subclinical POI group with the POI group was not significant.Menstrual total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(97.22%,70/72)>POI group(72.32%,81/112)>POF group(51.02%,50/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017);normalization rates ranked as subclinical POI group(90.28%,65/72)>POI group(54.46%,61/112)>POF group(26.53%,26/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017).FSH total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(89.69%,87/97)>POI group(81.25%,91/112)>POF group(60.20%,59/98),while POF group was lower than that of the other two groups(P<0.017),and the difference of the subclinical POI group with the POI group was not significant.Normalization FSH rates ranked as subclinical POI group(71.13%,69/97)>POI group(53.57%,60/112)>POF group(16.33%,16/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017).Compared with before treatment,the FSH levels in all three groups decreased after treatment(P<0.01).The reduction of FSH in the POF and POI groups were better than that in the subclinical P OI group(P<0.017).No significant difference was observed in the reduction of FSH between the POI and POF groups.Post-treatment AMH elevation observed in the subclinical POI and POI groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Yangyin Shugan Formula improves the menstrual conditions and TCM syndromes across all the stages.It also improves elevated FSH levels across all the stages and has a specific effect on normalizing FSH and menstruation.Yangyin Shugan Formula increases the AMH levels of patients with subclinical POI and POI,highlighting the applicability of TCM in staged preventive management.