Objective To analyze the current status and emerging technology trends in domestic medical drainage tube patents,so as to explore possible factors for low patent conversion rates.Methods Patents associated with"drainage tube","medical drainage tube","surgical drainage tube"and related terms were retrieved from the National Intellectual Property Administration Database and the Innojoy Patent Search Engine,covering the period from 2010 to 2020.Screening and visual analysis were conducted using Excel and SPSS 27.0.Results A total of 2 895 relevant patents were identified,comprising 2 489 utility model patents,367 invention patents and 39 design patents.The number of patent applications demonstrated a year-on-year growth trend,with a higher concentration in eastern coastal regions and provinces housing numerous top-tier hospitals and medical institutions.Approximately 49.26％of the patents filed by individuals were affiliated with hospitals,universities,or enterprises.Innovation hotspots included the design,functionality,performance,and safety aspects of drainage tubes and probes.Of the patents,72.61％were invalid,and 61.73％had a survival period of three years or less.Only 5.15％were commercially utilized through transfers,pledges,or licensing.Conclusion Domestic patent applications for medical drainage tubes have seen rapid growth,with a focus on enhancing tube structures such as sleeves,balloons,drainage holes,and threaded designs.However,the unsatisfactory situation of patent conversion and operation have been mainly limited by factors such as weak core technology of patents,insufficient awareness of achievements conversion,poor operation of patent conversion mechanism,insufficient market promotion,and insufficient integration of industry,academia,and research.To address this issue,enhancing intellectual property protection,revitalizing valid patents,and expanding transformation channels would benefit patients and facilitate hospitals'high-quality development,injecting new vitality into the health industry.

Objective To analyze the current status and emerging technology trends in domestic medical drainage tube patents,so as to explore possible factors for low patent conversion rates.Methods Patents associated with"drainage tube","medical drainage tube","surgical drainage tube"and related terms were retrieved from the National Intellectual Property Administration Database and the Innojoy Patent Search Engine,covering the period from 2010 to 2020.Screening and visual analysis were conducted using Excel and SPSS 27.0.Results A total of 2 895 relevant patents were identified,comprising 2 489 utility model patents,367 invention patents and 39 design patents.The number of patent applications demonstrated a year-on-year growth trend,with a higher concentration in eastern coastal regions and provinces housing numerous top-tier hospitals and medical institutions.Approximately 49.26％of the patents filed by individuals were affiliated with hospitals,universities,or enterprises.Innovation hotspots included the design,functionality,performance,and safety aspects of drainage tubes and probes.Of the patents,72.61％were invalid,and 61.73％had a survival period of three years or less.Only 5.15％were commercially utilized through transfers,pledges,or licensing.Conclusion Domestic patent applications for medical drainage tubes have seen rapid growth,with a focus on enhancing tube structures such as sleeves,balloons,drainage holes,and threaded designs.However,the unsatisfactory situation of patent conversion and operation have been mainly limited by factors such as weak core technology of patents,insufficient awareness of achievements conversion,poor operation of patent conversion mechanism,insufficient market promotion,and insufficient integration of industry,academia,and research.To address this issue,enhancing intellectual property protection,revitalizing valid patents,and expanding transformation channels would benefit patients and facilitate hospitals'high-quality development,injecting new vitality into the health industry.

Objective To explore the effect of Rhizoma corydalis on the immune escape of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)positive gastric cancer cells and its mechanism of targeting CXCL17 to affect immune escape of EBV-positive gastric cancer cells.Methods GEO2R online analysis software was used to screen differentially expressed genes in EBV-positive gastric cancer tissues.EBV-negative AGS gastric cancer cells and EBV-positive SUN-719 gastric cancer cells were used for the experiments.RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of CXCL17in EBV-negative and EBV-positive gastric cancer cells.Transfection of CXCL17 siRNA into EBV-positive gastric cancer cells,detection of PD-L1 expression through Western blotting,coculture of EBV-positive gastric cancer cells with T cells,detection of cell viability using the CCK-8 assay,and detection of cell apoptosis rate through flow cytometry were conducted.EBV-positive gastric cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of a Rhizoma corydalis extract(2,4,and 8 μg/mL).The expression of CXCL17and PD-L1 was detected through Western blotting,and EBV-positive gastric cancer cells were cocultured with T cells.Cell viability was determined using CCK-8,and cell apoptosis rate through flow cytometry.The CXCL17overexpression plasmid was transfected into EBV-positive gastric cancer cells treated with Rhizoma corydalis extract(8μg/mL).The expression of PD-L1 and p-AMPK was detected through Western blotting,and EBV-positive gastric cancer cells were cocultured with T cells.Cell viability was determined using CCK-8,and cell apoptosis rate with flow cytometry.Results CXCL17 expression was upregulated in EBV-positive gastric cancer tissues and cells(P<0.05).Silencing of CXCL17reduced the expression of PD-L1 in EBV-positive gastric cancer cells,inhibited the proliferation of EBV-positive gastric cancer cells cocultured with T cells,and promoted cell apoptosis(P<0.05).Rhizoma corydalis treat-ment reduced the expression of CXCL17 and PD-L1 in EBV-positive gastric cancer cells,inhibited the proliferation of EBV-positive gas-tric cancer cells cocultured with T cells,and promoted apoptosis(P<0.05).Overexpression of CXCL17reversed the inhibitory effect of the Rhizoma corydalis treatment on PD-L1 expression and cell proliferation in EBV-positive gastric cancer cells,as well as the promoting effect of cell apoptosis(P<0.05).Overexpression of CXCL17also reduced the expression of p-AMPK in EBV-positive gastric cancer cells treated with Rhizoma corydalis(P<0.05).Conclusion CXCL17 expression is upregulated in EBV-positive gastric cancer cells,and Rhizoma corydalis inhibits immune escape in gastric cancer cells by downregulating CXCL17 expression in EBV-positive gastric cancer cells,which may be related to the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effect and associated mechanism of tumor tissue-infiltrating NK cells after receiving radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:A HCC tumor-bearing mouse model was constructed using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (SK-Hep-1) and divided into four groups: control, radiotherapy, NK cell clearance, and NK clearance combined with radiotherapy. Tumor growth condition was simultaneously recorded. The NK cell ratio in peripheral blood and the NK cell intratumoral infiltration condition were detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Lentiviral-constructed SK-Hep-1 cells was used to detect the effect of radiotherapy on the regulation of CXCL10 and NK cell chemotaxis following EZH2 overexpression. SK-Hep-1 cells were irradiated in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of EZH2 and CXCL10 mRNA and protein in the two groups of cell lines and mouse tumor tissues were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry. The chemotaxis and blocking experiments were used to validate the chemotaxis effect of CXCL10 on NK cells. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The HCC tumor-bearing mouse model experiment showed that HCC tumor growth was most remarkable in the NK clearance combined with the radiotherapy group compared to the radiotherapy group ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of NK cells in the peripheral blood of nude mice in the radiotherapy group was significantly reduced, while the NK cell intratumoral infiltration was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry showed invitro and invivo expressional alterations. The average expression levels of EZH2 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and tumor tissues were decreased in the radiotherapy group than the control group and mouse tumor tissues ( P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression levels of CXCL10 increased ( P<0.05). The cell supernatant following radiotherapy enhanced NK cell chemotaxis but inhibited CXCL10 neutralization. EZH2 overexpression validated that radiotherapy up-regulated CXCL10 mRNA and down-regulated protein expression levels in in vitro and in vivo experiments ( P<0.05). The chemotactic effect on NK cells was significantly weakened with EZH2 overexpression following radiotherapy. Conclusion:NK cells, as immune effector cells, are directly involved in radiotherapy- activated anti-HCC immunity. Importantly, radiotherapy inhibits EZH2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, thereby upregulating CXCL10 expression and enhancing intratumoral NK cell invasion.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） among female college students at a university in Fuzhou City， Jiangxi Province， and to facilitate early detection and intervention of PCOS. MethodsUsing a stratified sampling method， a total of 450 female freshmen were randomly selected for PCOS screening. A self-designed questionnaire was used for data collection， covering menstrual status， high androgen signs， lifestyle， dietary habits， and awareness of PCOS. Sample t test and χ² test were used to compare the basic information and dietary habits between PCOS and non-PCOS cases. The correlation between various indicators and the prevalence of PCOS was analyzed by a logistic regression model. ResultsA total of 12 PCOS cases were identified， with a prevalence rate of 2.99%. PCOS cases exhibited statistically significant differences compared to non-PCOS cases in terms of waist-to-hip ratio， waist circumference， abdominal obesity， the proportion of overweight or obese individuals， and a preference for sweet food （all P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between preference for sweet food and the occurrence of PCOS （OR=4.858， 95%CI=1.199‒19.675，P=0.027）， as well as a significant correlation with PCOS accompanied by abdominal obesity （OR=7.083， 95%CI=0.773‒64.937， P=0.048）. Among the female college students surveyed， 37.90% had never heard of PCOS， 51.62% were only familiar with the name of the disease， and 10.47% had attempted to search for PCOS-related information. ConclusionThe prevalence of PCOS among female college students should not be overlooked and unhealthy dietary habits may be a crucial factor contributing to the occurrence of PCOS during this period. Early screening for PCOS during puberty is crucial.

ObjectiveTo investigate the survival and adverse reactions of patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma after stereotactic body radiation therapy （SBRT）. MethodsA total of 27 patients with unresectable solitary cholangiocarcinoma without metastasis who underwent SBRT in The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from February 2012 to July 2020 were enrolled. The prescribed dose to planning target volume was 42-60 Gy in 5-8 fractions， with 5-11 Gy/fraction. Among these patients， five patients were also treated with chemotherapy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The 6-， 12-， 18-， and 24-month overall survival （OS） rates， progression-free survival （PFS） rates， and local control （LC） rates were used as the assessment indices for treatment outcome； Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.4.03 was used to evaluate adverse reactions； the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate OS， PFS， and LC rates. ResultsThe median follow-up time was 17 months. For all 27 patients， the 6-， 12-， 18-， and 24-month OS rates were 100%， 88%， 57.5%， and 47.9%， respectively； the 6-， 12-， 18-， and 24-month PFS rates were 74.1%， 58.6%， 47.9%， and 35.9%， respectively； the 6-， 12-， 18-， and 24-month LC rates were 96.3%， 91.9%， 84.8%， and 76.4%， respectively. No grade 3 or above toxic reactions were observed. Five patients were diagnosed with radiation-induced liver injury， but there was no death due to radiation-induced liver injury. ConclusionSBRT is safe and effective in the treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma， with relatively high survival rate， PFS rate， and LC rate and low toxicity， and therefore， SBRT can be used as an alternative treatment method for patients with cholangiocarcinoma who are not candidates for surgery.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of subcutaneous injection of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in preventing invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Methods:The clinical data of 222 patients who were admitted to the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2015 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients was given GM-CSF (3-5 μg·kg -1·d -1, GM-CSF group) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, 2-5 μg·kg -1·d -1, G-CSF group) when neutrophils (ANC) ≤1.5×10 9/L after induction chemotherapy. Patients were discontinued when white blood cell count (WBC) ≥10.0×10 9/L. The incidence of IFD (including confirmed, clinical and proposed diagnosis) and breakthrough invasive fungal infections was compared between the two groups. Results:The incidence of IFD was 8.1% (18/222) in all patients. The incidence of IFD was 3.5% (3/85) and 10.9% (15/137) in the GM-CSF and G-CSF groups, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 = 3.88, P = 0.049). In 9 patients of GM-CSF group receiving fungal infection prophylaxis and in 15 patients of G-CSF group receiving fungal infection prophylaxis, the incidence of breakthrough invasive fungal infections was 0 and 7 cases, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.022). Conclusions:GM-CSF application in MM patients can reduce the incidence of IFD and breakthrough invasive fungal infections.

The organ-system-based curriculum (OSBC) medical teaching model with the organ system as the main line closely links the basic medical curriculum with the clinical practice,and breaks the boundaries between different subjects.As this novel teaching model is still in the early stage in China,Chongqing Medical University pioneered to reconstruct the teaching system for OSBC teaching reform,including the great efforts to integrate e the traditional 24 courses into 12,and to allocate talents from various basic and clinical teaching departments to form a new integrated teaching team.In 2011,this new mode was implemented in a pilot class of students.The results showed the 2011 five-year pilot class showed more satisfaction than did the traditional teaching class [(92.5 ± 4.6)％ vs.(72.5 ± 4.9)％,P＜0.05].Besides,the test scores of the pilot class and the traditional class were (80.0 ± 3.6) and (71.0 ± 5.9) respectively(P＜0.05),and the failing rate was (3.7％ in pilot class and 9.3％ in traditional class(P＜0.05).Since the pilot class perform better than the traditional one,the reform of OSBC was implemented for all five-year clinical medicine program in Chongqing Medical University in 2018.

Objective To observe the changes of serum and fecal taurine-conjugated bile acid levels and its association with glucose metabolism during the spontaneous development of type 2 diabetes in OLETO rats.Methods Twenty male OLETF rats(4 weeks old)were included and 10 male LETO rats of the same age were used as the normal control group.OLETF rats were fed with high fat diet whereas LETO rats were fed with normal diet.Serum and fecal taurine-conjugated bile acid levels of OLETF rats were tested at different stage of diabetes including baseline, normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes periods, and the association of taurine-conjugated bile acid level with body weight, blood glucose, and glucose-regulating hormones were also investigated.Results Compared with LETO rats, the baseline serum levels of taurine-conjugated bile acid in OLETF rats did not change, but the levels of fecal taurine-conjugated bile acid including taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid(TCDCA), taurocholic acid(TCA)and taurine-conjugated deoxycholic acid(TDCA)were significantly decreased [(14.25±7.18 vs 0.90±0.31)mg/kg,(7.12±4.14 vs 1.30±0.35)mg/kg,(4.30±1.78 vs 1.02±0.14)mg/kg, all P<0.01].During the development of diabetes, the fecal levels of TCDCA, TCA and TDCA were still lower than those in the control rats.TDCA was negatively associated with the level of fasting blood glucose(r=-0.470, P=0.032),but positively associated with the serum level of glucagon-like peptide(GLP)-l(r=0.406, P=0.044).Conclusion The decrease of intestinal taurine-conjugated bile acid level is involved in the development of diabetes in OLETF rats.Intestinal TDCA may regulate the secretion of GLP-1 by paracrine pathway.

Objective To investigate the expression and effect of miR-22-3p in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The miR-22-3p expression level in seventy-six NSCLC tissues and para-cancer tissues was detected by qRT-PCR. The relationship between the expression of miR-22-3p and gender,age,tumor size,histolo-gy grade,pathological type and lymph node metastasis was analyzed. The function of miR-22-3p on the prolifera-tion of NSCLC cells was tested by growth curve assay. Target genes of miR-22-3p were predicted by online software Targetscan. Luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR was used to certificate the prediction. Results The expression of miR-22-3p was increased in NSCLC tissues than the para-cancer tissues and was correlated to lymph node metas-tasis. Overexpression of miR-22-3p could suppress the proliferation of A549 cells. Astrocyte-Elevated Gene-1(AEG-1) was predicted to be a target of miR-22-3p. MiR-22-3p was revealed to bind to AEG-13′UTR by luciferase report-er assay. Overexpression of miR-22-3p could inhibit the expression of AEG-1 in A549 cells. Suppression of miR-22-3p could increase AEG-1 expression. Conclusion MiR-22-3p could inhibit the proliferation of NSCLC by tar-geting AEG-1.