This paper focuses on the application of health big data in cancer screening. Firstly, the sources and characteristics of health big data are introduced, then the commonly used epidemiological designs and analytical techniques in hospital-based cancer screening studies are summarized and the application scenarios of such studies are described. Finally, the challenges and future development in the application of health big data are analyzed to provide reference for the future studies.

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate inattention， excessive activities incongruous with setting， and emotional impulsivity. Subthreshold ADHD （sADHD） is clinically defined as the presence of ADHD symptoms that do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Children with sADHD exhibit deficits in executive function， demonstrate more conduct， learning， and anxiety-related problems compared to typically developing children， and show even poorer working memory performance than children diagnosed with ADHD. Currently， there is limited epidemiological research on sADHD in China， with few studies simultaneously investigating the prevalence of both ADHD and sADHD in children. ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of ADHD and sADHD among children aged 6–13 years in Chongqing， analyzing their distribution characteristics within this population， with the aim of providing references for developing preventive measures against both ADHD and sADHD. MethodsFrom October to November 2023， a total of 3 398 students in grades 1–6 from six primary schools in Jiangbei District， Chongqing were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The occurrence of ADHD and sADHD was evaluated by using the short version （18-item version） of the Swanson， Nolan， and Pelham IV rating scales （SNAP-IV） and the Chinese vision of Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-aged Children-Present and Lifetime Version （K-SADS-PL）. ResultsThe ADHD detection rate among children in Chongqing was 1.90% （95% CI： 0.014–0.024）. Boys showed a significantly higher ADHD detection rate than girls （χ²=7.733， P=0.005）. No statistically significant differences were found in ADHD detection rates across different grades or age groups （χ²=7.347， 12.362， P>0.05）. The sADHD detection rate was 6.32% （95% CI： 0.054–0.072）. Similarly， boys exhibited significantly higher sADHD detection rates than girls （χ²=21.005， P<0.01）. Significant differences emerged across different grades （χ²=20.559， P=0.001）， while no statistically significant difference was observed in age groups （χ²=12.070， P=0.060）. ConclusionThe ADHD detection rates were comparable across all grade levels and age groups from 6–13 years old. Second-grade children demonstrated notably higher sADHD rates compared to other grades， while boys demonstrated higher prevalence rates than girls for both ADHD and sADHD. ［Funded by Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project in Jiangbei District， Chongqing City in the Second Half of 2023 （number， 2023JBKWLH022）］

Loss-of-function variants in CSDE1 have been strongly linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, yet the precise role of CSDE1 in neurogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that knockout of Csde1 during cortical development in mice results in impaired neural progenitor proliferation, leading to abnormal cortical lamination and embryonic lethality. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Csde1 upregulates the transcription of genes involved in the cell cycle network. Applying a dual thymidine-labelling approach, we further revealed prolonged cell cycle durations of neuronal progenitors in Csde1-knockout mice, with a notable extension of the G1 phase. Intersection with CLIP-seq data demonstrated that Csde1 binds to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA transcripts encoding cell cycle genes. Particularly, we uncovered that Csde1 directly binds to the 3' UTR of mRNA transcripts encoding Cdk6, a pivotal gene in regulating the transition from the G1 to S phases of the cell cycle, thereby maintaining its stability. Collectively, this study elucidates Csde1 as a novel regulator of Cdk6, sheds new light on its critical roles in orchestrating brain development, and underscores how mutations in Csde1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Animals ; Neurogenesis/genetics* ; Cell Cycle/genetics* ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice ; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism* ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation ; 3' Untranslated Regions ; Cerebral Cortex/embryology* ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanisms of celecoxib on right heart function in mice with acute high-altitude hypoxia exposure.Methods Male C57BL/6J mice(7 weeks old)were housed in a hypobaric chamber simulating an altitude of 5 800 m for 2 d to establish an animal model of acute hypobaric hypoxia.①Eighteen mice were randomly assigned to plain+saline(P+S),high-altitude hypoxia exposure+saline(H+S),and high-altitude hypoxia exposure+celecoxib(H+Cel).Body weight and routine blood indicators were measured,and cardiac ultrasound examination were performed for heart rate(HR),pulmonary artery acceleration time to ejection time ratio(AT/ET),tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(TAPSE),tricuspid annular systolic velocity(S'),and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and fractional shortening(FS).Targeted metabolomic profiling was applied to detect the cardiac arachidonic acid(AA)metabolite levels.The contents of 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid(12,13-diHOME)in the heart,liver,brown adipose tissue,and plasma were quantified by ELISA.② Eighteen mice were randomly assigned into plain+saline(P+S),high-altitude hypoxia exposure+saline(H+S)and high-altitude hypoxia exposure+12,13-diHOME(H+di)groups.Body weight,routine blood tests,and echocardiography were performed as above.③ Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into high-altitude hypoxia exposure+saline(H+S),high-altitude hypoxia exposure+celecoxib(H+Cel),high-altitude hypoxia exposure+soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor(sEHI)(H+sEHI),and high-altitude hypoxia exposure+sEHI+celecoxib(H+sEHI+Cel)groups.Body weight,routine blood tests,and echocardiography were performed as above.Cardiac and plasma contents of 12,13-diHOME and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)were measured by ELISA.Results ① Compared to the P+S group,the H+S group exhibited significantly reduction of cardiac 12,13-diHOME level(P<0.001),increased counts of white blood cells(WBC)and neutrophils(P<0.01)and decreased TAPSE,S'and AT/ET both at resting state and under stress(P<0.01,P<0.001).Compared to the H+S group,the H+Cel group exhibited significantly increase of cardiac 12,13-diHOME level(P<0.05),reduced WBC and lymphocyte counts(P<0.01,P<0.05)and improved TAPSE and S'levels at resting state and under stress(P<0.01,P<0.001).② Compared to the H+S group,the H+di group demonstrated significantly improvement of TAPSE at basal and under stress(P<0.001)and a trend towards improved TAPSE at resting state(P=0.0532),but no obvious differences was observed in WBC and neutrophil counts between the H+di group and the H+S group.③ Compared to the H+Cel group,both the H+sEHI and H+sEHI+Cel groups exhibited significantly reduction of cardiac 12,13-diHOME level(P<0.01,P<0.05)though no statistical changes in cardiac function indicators.Compared to the H+S group,WBC counts and lymphocyte were decreased,and serum EETs level was incrased in the H+Cel group,H+sEHI group and H+sEHI+Cel group(P<0.01,P<0.001).Conclusion Celecoxib can elevate cardiac level of 12,13-diHOME and improves right heart function in mice after acute high-altitude hypoxia exposure through the CYP450-sEH metabolic pathway.

This paper focuses on the application of health big data in cancer screening. Firstly, the sources and characteristics of health big data are introduced, then the commonly used epidemiological designs and analytical techniques in hospital-based cancer screening studies are summarized and the application scenarios of such studies are described. Finally, the challenges and future development in the application of health big data are analyzed to provide reference for the future studies.

Objective:To construct the evaluation index system of core competence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) specialist nurses.Methods:Through literature search and analysis, an entry pool of the core competence evaluation index system for ECMO specialist nurses was initially formed, and 20 medical and nursing experts in acute and critical care and cardiovascular fields were selected for two rounds of correspondence from September to November 2022. According to experts' opinions, the evaluation indexes of core competence of ECMO specialist nurses were modified, and the analytic hierarchy process determined the weights of indexes at all levels.Results:A total of 20 questionnaires were sent out and 20 valid questionnaires were collected during each of the two rounds of expert correspondence consultation, with effective recovery rates of 100.00%. The expert authority coefficient of the second round was 0.86, and Kendall's harmony coefficient was 0.31 ( P<0.01). Finally, the evaluation index system of core competence of ECMO specialist nurses included five primary indexes (clinical professional ability, communication and collaboration ability, nursing management ability, critical thinking ability, and professional development ability), 15 secondary indexes, and 53 tertiary indexes. Conclusions:The evaluation index system of core competence of ECMO specialist nurses constructed in this study is scientific and practical, providing a reference for evaluating ECMO specialist nurses' core competence.

Objective:To explore the factors affecting and improvement recommendations about the congealing temperature of benzyl benzoate as pharmaceutical excipient by the method in the Chinese pharmacopoeia.Methods:The influence of seven factors such as measuring device,sample size,melting temperature,condensation tempera-ture,stop stirring time,stirring frequency and reading of congealing temperature on the determination of congealing temperature of benzyl benzoate was investigated.Results:The key factor for determination of benzyl benzoate con-gealing temperature was the stop stirring time,which was more reasonable when the sample temperature drops to constant or starts to rise slightly was reasonable.Conclusion:The improved method has better accuracy and repeat-ability,and is suitable for the measuring the congealing temperature of pharmaceutical excipient benzyl benzoate.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features of out-of-hospital extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation(ECPR) patients and analyze the factors associated with discharge survival.Methods:The data of 54 patients with ECPR in the Emergency Center of the Second Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2020 to December 2023 were analyzed. Patients were divided into the survival group and death group based on their survival status within 30 days of discharge. Kaplan Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, and COX regression analysis was used to analyze the relevant factors of survival.Results:(1) A total of 54 patients with ECPR were included in this study. 17 (31.5%) cases were discharged alive, of which 10 (58.8%) had a good neurological prognosis, while 37 case (68.5%) died.(2) Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients who received first-witness CPR, had a lower-extremity perfusion line established, underwent IABP, achieved ROSC, had normal pH, and had an initial pupillary light reflex had a longer median survival time ( P < 0.05). (3) Univariate COX regression analysis showed that statistically differences in survival time among patients with ECMO times, hypoperfusion times, initial pupil sizes, and APACHEⅡ scores ( P < 0.05); (4) Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that APACHEⅡ score, initial pupil size, and IABP were independent predictors of survival of patients discharged from the hospital with emergency ECPR; (5) The concordance index of the COX regression model was 0.921. Conclusions:The survival model demonstrates good predictive accuracy. Healthcare professionals can use the APACHEⅡscore and initial pupil size on admission as important reference indicators to assist in determining patient prognosis, and to timely initiate IABP treatment, in conjunction with the patient’s condition, to improve the survival rate of patients discharged from the hospital.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of individualized parenteral nutrition versus pre-mixed parenteral nutrition on liver function of patients with acute kidney injury （AKI）. METHODS Totally 97 AKI patients in the intensive care unit of our hospital from January 2021 to March 2022 were collected and randomly divided into pre-mixed multi-chamber bag （MCB） group （48 cases） and compounded parenteral nutrition （COM） group （49 cases）. The patients in both groups were given routine treatment to correct the reversible cause in time， and parenteral nutrition support treatment was started within 48 hours after the fluid resuscitation was successful or the hemodynamics of low-dose vasoactive drugs were stable. MCB group was given one bag of Fat emulsion amino acid （17） glucose （11%） injection， intravenous infusion， once a day； COM group was given Medium/long chain Fat emulsion injection （C8-24Ve） 0.5-0.8 g/kg+Compound amino acid 18AA-Ⅶ 1.0-1.2 g/kg+Glucose injection 1.5-2.5 g/kg+one Water soluble vitamin injection+Fat-soluble vitamin injection （Ⅱ） 10 mL+Multiple trace element injection （Ⅱ） 10 mL+ individualized supplement of sodium chloride and potassium chloride， with a ratio of glucose to lipid of 5∶5 and a ratio of heat to nitrogen of 100∶1. The treatment course of both groups lasted for 7 days. The percentage of abnormal liver function， the levels of liver function indexes [alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， total bilirubin （TBIL）， aspartate transaminase （AST）]， albumin （ALB）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and C-reactive protein （CRP） were observed in 2 groups before and after treatment. RESULTS After treatment， the ratio of liver dysfunction， the levels of ALT， AST and CRP in MCB group were significantly higher than before treatment； the ratio of liver dysfunction， the levels of ALT and CRP in MCB group were significantly higher than COM group （P＜0.05）. There were no statistical significance in the ratio of liver dysfunction， the levels of ALT， AST， TBIL and CRP in COM group before and after treatment （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Individualized parenteral nutrition support treatment can reduce the occurrence of liver injury and improve the nutritional status of AKI patients.

Candida albicans is the most abundant fungal species in oral cavity. As a smart opportunistic pathogen, it increases the virulence by switching its forms from yeasts to hyphae and becomes the major pathogenic agent for oral candidiasis. However, the overuse of current clinical antifungals and lack of new types of drugs highlight the challenges in the antifungal treatments because of the drug resistance and side effects. Anti-virulence strategy is proved as a practical way to develop new types of anti-infective drugs. Here, seven artemisinins, including artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, artemisinic acid, dihydroartemisinic acid, artesunate, artemether and arteether, were employed to target at the hyphal development, the most important virulence factor of C. albicans. Artemisinins failed to affect the growth, but significantly inhibited the hyphal development of C. albicans, including the clinical azole resistant isolates, and reduced their damage to oral epithelial cells, while arteether showed the strongest activities. The transcriptome suggested that arteether could affect the energy metabolism of C. albicans. Seven artemisinins were then proved to significantly inhibit the productions of ATP and cAMP, while reduced the hyphal inhibition on RAS1 overexpression strain indicating that artemisinins regulated the Ras1-cAMP-Efg1 pathway to inhibit the hyphal development. Importantly, arteether significantly inhibited the fungal burden and infections with no systemic toxicity in the murine oropharyngeal candidiasis models in vivo caused by both fluconazole sensitive and resistant strains. Our results for the first time indicated that artemisinins can be potential antifungal compounds against C. albicans infections by targeting at its hyphal development.
Animals ; Mice ; Candida albicans ; Candidiasis, Oral/drug therapy* ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology* ; Hyphae ; Artemisinins/pharmacology*