BackgroundWith the rapid development of the networking technologies， internet addiction has increasingly become a serious mental health issue. Previous studies have revealed the link between childhood trauma and internet addiction， while the mediating role of perceived stress in this link is not yet clear. ObjectiveTo investigate the role of medical students' perceived stress in the relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction， so as to provide references for the intervention of internet addiction. MethodsFrom February to March 2023， a random sampling technique was used to select 1 232 undergraduate students from the School of Clinical Medical Sciences of Southwest Medical University as research subjects. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form （CTQ-SF）， Perceived Stress Scale （PSS）， Internet Gaming Disorder Scale （IGDS）， and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale （BSMAS） were used for assessment. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. The mediation effect of perceived stress in the relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction was tested using Model 4 in the SPSS Process 4.1， and Bootstrapping procedure involving 5 000 replicates was employed to confirm the statistical significance. ResultsA total of 1 016 （82.47%） valid completed questionnaires were gathered. The CTQ-SF scores of medical students were positively correlated with PSS scores， IGD scores， and BSMAS scores （r=0.583， 0.474， 0.465， P<0.01）. PSS scores were positively correlated with IGD scores and BSMAS scores （r=0.369， 0.479， P<0.01）. Childhood trauma in medical students was found to positively predict perceived stress （β=0.191， P<0.01）， social media addiction （β=0.160， P<0.01）， and internet gaming disorder （β=0.106， P<0.01）. Perceived stress played a significant mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and internet gaming disorder， indirect effect value was 0.018 （95% CI： 0.009~0.027）， accounting for 16.98%. Perceived stress also exhibited a significant mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and social media addiction， indirect effect value was 0.063 （95% CI： 0.048~0.079）， accounting for 39.38%. ConclusionChildhood trauma in medical students may affect internet gaming disorder and social media addiction through perceived stress. ［Funded by 2022 Annual Research Project of Sichuan Applied Psychology Research Center，（number，CSXL-22102）］

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

BACKGROUND: Insufficient angiogenesis and the lack of skin appendages are critical challenges in cutaneous wound healing. Stem cell-fabricated cell sheets have become a promising strategy, but cell sheets constructed by a single cell type are inadequate to provide a comprehensive proregenerative microenvironment for wound tissue. METHODS: Based on the communication between cells, in this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) were cocultured to fabricate a composite cell sheet (H/M–CS) for the treatment of fullthickness skin wounds in mice. RESULTS: Experiments confirmed that there is cell–cell communication between BMSCs and HFSCs, which enhances the cell proliferation and migration abilities of both cell types. Cell–cell talk also upregulates the gene expression of proangiogenic-related cytokines in BMSCs and pro-hair follicle-related cytokines in HFSCs, as well as causing changes in the properties of secreted extracellular matrix components. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the composite cell sheet is more conducive for cutaneous wound healing and promoting the regeneration of blood vessels and hair follicles.

Objective: To understand the similarities and differences in different dosage forms of tuberculin test for college students having close contact with tuberculosis in Nanning colleges and universities in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Methods: A total of 7 771 students were screened for symptoms and tuberculin skin test(TST)、X radiographs from 2018 to 2019 in Nanning.The used doses of Purified Protein Derivative of Tuberculin (TB-PPD) in 2018 and 2019 were 2 IU and 5 IU respectively. Results: A total of 916 positive cases were detected in 2 years, with the total positive rate of 11.79%. Total strong positive number was 184 and the strong positive rate was 2.37%. The number of tuberculosis patients was 17. Positive rate of the students from grade one to grade four was 13.88%, 8.57%, 10.59%, 10.29%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant(χ 2=46.30，P＜0.01). The positive rates of male and female in the past two years were 13.24%(500/3 777) and 10.42%(416/3 994), respectively (χ 2=17.84, P<0.01)，and there was no significant difference in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among TST positive patients (χ 2=0.29,P=0.59). The positive and strong positive rates of 2 IU dose and 5 IU dose were 7.57%, 15.04%, respectively, the difference in dosage forms were statistically significant (χ 2=114.41,P<0.01). The tuberculosis case detection rate (CDR) of moderate & above positive subjects of 2 IU and 5 IU dose was 6.92% and 2.07%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant(χ 2=6.60，P=0.02). Conclusion More positive tuberculosis cases (including moderate & strong positive) can be detected by using 5 IU dose, though it is may not have advantage over discovering tuberculosis patients comparing to 2 IU dose. However, it is more critical to minimize the following cases and control the outbreak in university.

Objective:To report four male COL4A5 mutation mosaicism patients with X-linked Alport syndrome, and to provide evidence for diagnosis, genetic counseling, and reproduction in the respective families and improve our knowledge of mosaicism in Alport syndrome. Methods:Suspected male mosaic patients for COL4A5 who met the following criteria: clinical diagnosis of Alport syndrome, harbored COL4A5 mutations detected using next generation sequencing or Sanger sequencing, heterozygosity for the mutant and normal COL4A5 alleles in the DNA demonstrated by Sanger sequencing, registered in the on-line registry of hereditary kidney diseases, and admitted to Peking University First Hospital during the period of April 2018 to April 2019 were enrolled. Clinical data and karyotypes were retrospectively analyzed. Genetic DNA isolated from multiple tissues was analyzed for COL4A5 gene mutations by using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Related literatures published in PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang databases were reviewed. Results:Four COL4A5 somatic and germline mosaic male patients with Alport syndrome were included in the study. Patient 1 was characterized by hematuria and proteinuria. His karyotype of peripheral blood was normal. COL4A5 c.3455-1G>A mosaicism was detected in multiple tissues (peripheral blood, saliva and urine). Patient 2 presented with hematuria and microalbuminuria. His karyotype of peripheral blood was normal. COL4A5 c.4994+1G>A mosaicism was detected in multiple tissues (peripheral blood, saliva and skin fibroblasts). Patients 3 showed hematuria without proteinuria. COL4A5 c.3535G>A mosaicism was found in genomic DNA of peripheral blood and hair. Laboratory and physical examinations of patient 4 showed hematuria and normal renal function, without proteinuria, megasoma or small testes. COL4A5 c.3106G>A mosaicism was detected in genomic DNA of skin fibroblasts. Although without karyotype analysis due to unavailable specimens, 47,XXY or 46,XY/47,XXY mosaicism was not considered according to the reproductive history and lack of clinical manifestations of megasoma and small testes in patients 3 and 4. Renal disease in 8 published male cases with mosaicism for COL4A5 was affected by mutant allelic fractions and genotype. Conclusions:Compared with hemizygous males with X-linked Alport syndrome, the renal phenotype of mosaic males was milder, and associated with mutant allelic fractions and mutation type.