Objective: To evaluate the current situation of thermal environment in primary and secondary school classrooms during winter, and to analyze students thermal comfort needs, so as to provide a basis for improving classroom thermal environment. Methods: From December 16 to 26, 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 90 classrooms from 15 primary and secondary schools in centralized/air conditioned heating areas(Liaoning Province, Tianjin City, Shanghai City) and naturally ventilated areas(Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province)for on site environmental measurement. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 743 students. The differences between groups using the χ 2 test were compared. Based on actual measurement data, a predicted mean vote prepared percentage of dissatisfied (PMV-PPD) model for centralized/air conditioned classrooms and an adaptive model for naturally ventilated classrooms were established, and the thermal neutral temperature and comfort interval were calculated. Results: The average outdoor temperature during on site measurement was 4.00(0.20，7.00)℃. In classrooms with centralized or air conditioned heating systems, the measured average temperature was (19.33±2.59)℃, with a thermal comfort range of 20.35-25.35 ℃ and a thermal neutral temperature of 22.85 ℃. And 13.92% of students reported feeling cold, while 80.80% felt comfortable. In classrooms with natural ventilation, the measured average temperature was (12.26±1.83)℃, with a thermal neutral temperature of 19.67 ℃ and a thermal comfort range of 16.17-23.17 ℃. About 48.33% of students reported feeling cold, and 49.81 % felt comfortable.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in shoe thickness, temperature sensation, relative humidity sensation and wind speed sensation between centralized/air conditioned heating areas ( χ 2= 7.01 , 31.47, 13.57, 13.80,all P <0.05). There were also statistically significant differences in school stage for primary and secondary school students, body mass index, classroom location for seat, temperature sensation, relative humidity sensation and wind speed sensation between naturally ventilated areas ( χ 2=42.13, 11.13, 11.04, 60.39, 29.27, 38.46,all P <0.05). Conclusions There are differences in thermal environment and students subjective thermal comfort in primary and secondary schools under different ventilation modes in winter. The temperature standards for heated classrooms should be revised, and differentiated environmental regulation strategies should be adopted based on different ventilation methods to improve students health and comfort levels.

Objective To explore the role of neogambogic acid in the characteristics of colorectal cancer stem cells (CRC-CSCs) through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods The colorectal cells SW480 and HCT166 were divided into control group and neogambogic acid groups (1.5, 3, 6, and 12 μmol/L). The viability of CRC-CSCs was determined by MTT method, and spheroid and clone formation assays were used to assess the capacity of spheroid formation and self-renewal ability of the cells. The effects of neogambogic acid on the apoptosis and cell cycle of CRC-CSCs were evaluated by flow cytometry assays. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of relative markers (CD133, CD44, ALDH1, Oct4, and Nanog) of CRC-CSCs, and the protein expression levels of the self-renewal marker (PCNA), apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway markers (p-GSK3β, GSK3β, β-catenin, and Wnt) were analyzed using Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, after neogambogic acid treatment, the viability of SW480 and HCT116 cells decreased (P<0.05), the spheroid forming ability and the clone numbers of CRC-CSCs decreased (P<0.001, P<0.01) but the cell apoptosis rate increased (P<0.01), and cell cycle was arrested in G₀/G₁ phase. Moreover, neogambogic acid downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of relative markers of CRC-CSCs (CD133, CD44, ALDH1, Oct4, and Nanog), PCNA, p-GSK3β, β-catenin, and Wnt (P<0.05) and upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and GSK3β (P<0.01). Conclusion Neogambogic can inhibit the stem cell properties of colorectal cells via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. As a result, neogambogic acid may be an attractive agent against colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the targeting effect of folic acid-modified crebanine nanoparticles （FA-Cre@PEG- PLGA NPs， hereinafter referred to as “NPs”） combined with ultrasound irradiation on M109 cells in vitro and in vivo after administration， and explore the anti-tumor mechanism. METHODS CCK-8 assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation on the proliferation of M109 cells， and the best ultrasound time was selected. Using human lung cancer A549 cells as a control， the targeting of NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation to M109 cells was evaluated by free folic acid blocking assay and cell uptake assay. The effects of NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation on the migration， invasion， apoptosis， cell cycle and reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels of M109 cells were detected by cell scratch test， Transwell chamber test and flow cytometry at 1 h after 958401536@qq.com administration； the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） were observed by fluorescence inverted microscope. A mouse subcutaneous tumor model of M109 cells was constructed， and the in vivo tumor targeting of NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation was investigated by small animal in vivo imaging technology. RESULTS NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation could significantly inhibit the proliferation of M109 cells， and the optimal ultrasound time was 1 h after administration. The free folic acid could antagonize the inhibitory effect of NPs on the proliferation of M109 cells， and combined with ultrasound irradiation could partially reverse this antagonism. Compared with A549 cells， the uptake rate of NPs in M109 cells was significantly higher （P＜0.01）， and ultrasound irradiation could promote cellular uptake. NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation could inhibit the migration and invasion of M109 cells and block the cell cycle in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases. Compared with control group， the apoptosis rate of M109 cells and ROS level were increased significantly （P＜0.01）， while the MMP decreased significantly （P＜0.01） in the different concentration （100， 200， 300 μg/mL） groups of M109 cells. Compared with the mice in non-ultrasound group， the fluorescence intensity and tumor-targeting index of the tumor site in the 0 h ultrasound group were significantly enhanced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation have a strong targeting effect on M109 cells in vitro and in vivo， the anti-tumor mechanism includes inhibiting cell migration and invasion， blocking cell cycle， and inducing apoptosis.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of folic acid-modified crebanine polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid hydroxyacetic acid copolymer（PEG-PLGA） nanoparticles（FA-Cre@PEG-PLGA NPs， hereinafter referred to as NPs） combined with ultrasonic irradiation on subcutaneous tumor of liver cancer in Kunming（KM） mice. MethodsEighty-four healthy male KM mice were utilized to establish a subcutaneous tumor model of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma with H22 cells， then mice were randomly divided into model group， placebo group， hydroxycamptothecin group（8 mg∙kg^-1）， low， medium and high dose crebanine raw material groups（2， 2.5， 3 mg∙kg^-1， hereinafter referred to as the low， medium and high dose crebanine groups， respectively）， low， medium and high dose NPs groups（2， 2.5， 3 mg∙kg^-1）， and low， medium and high dose NPs combined with ultrasonic irradiation groups（2， 2.5， 3 mg∙kg^-1， hereinafter referred to as the low， medium and high dose combination groups， respectively）. The corresponding doses of drugs were administered via tail vein injection， the model group received no treatment， while the placebo group was injected with an equivalent amount of normal saline. Dosing was conducted for a total of 10 times on alternate days. The body mass of the mice was monitored， and parameters such as body mass change rate， thymus index， spleen index， tumor volume， tumor weight， relative tumor growth rate（T/C）， and tumor inhibition rate（TGI） were calculated. Pathological changes in liver and kidney tissues as well as the tumor were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining. Additionally， the levels of aspartate aminotransferase（AST）， alanine aminotransferase（ALT）， blood urea nitrogen（BUN） and creatinine（CREA） in serum of mice were detected by biochemical method. Furthermore， the effect of ultrasound on the distribution of NPs in subcutaneous tumors of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma was observed by in vivo imaging technique. ResultsAmong different treatment methods， the combination of NPs and ultrasound irradiation had the best therapeutic effect. Compared with the model group， the body mass growth rates of mice in the medium and high combination groups decreased， while the thymus index and spleen index increased， but there was no statistically significant difference in serum AST， ALT， BUN and CREA levels， indicating that NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation had little effect on the normal physiological state of the body， oth groups had TGI>40% and T/C<60%， indicating a clear anti-tumor effect. Pathological analysis showed that compared with the NPs groups， the combination groups exhibited varying degrees of necrosis in tumor cells， accompanied by less damage to the liver and kidneys. In vivo imaging of small animals showed that compared with the high dose NPs group， the high dose combination group had stronger tumor targeting ability（P<0.01）. ConclusionNPs combined with ultrasonic irradiation can not only effectively targeted the drug to the tumor site， inhibit the subcutaneous tumor growth of mouse liver cancer， but also decrease damage to liver and kidney tissues.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with common pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation and fibrosis, in both the heart and the kidney. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive these processes are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study focused on the molecular mechanism of heart and kidney injury in CKD. METHODS: We generated an microRNA (miR)-26a knockout (KO) mouse model to investigate the role of miR-26a in angiotensin (Ang)-II-induced cardiac and renal injury. We performed Ang-II modeling in wild type (WT) mice and miR-26a KO mice, with six mice in each group. In addition, Ang-II-treated AC16 cells and HK2 cells were used as in vitro models of cardiac and renal injury in the context of CKD. Histological staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blotting were applied to study the regulation of miR-26a on Ang-II-induced cardiac and renal injury. Immunofluorescence reporter assays were used to detect downstream genes of miR-26a, and immunoprecipitation was employed to identify the interacting protein of LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domain 1 (LIMS1). We also used an adeno-associated virus (AAV) to supplement LIMS1 and explored the specific regulatory mechanism of miR-26a on Ang-II-induced cardiac and renal injury. Dunnett's multiple comparison and t -test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Compared with the control mice, miR-26a expression was significantly downregulated in both the kidney and the heart after Ang-II infusion. Our study identified LIMS1 as a novel target gene of miR-26a in both heart and kidney tissues. Downregulation of miR-26a activated the LIMS1/integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling pathway in the heart and kidney, which represents a common molecular mechanism underlying inflammation and fibrosis in heart and kidney tissues during CKD. Furthermore, knockout of miR-26a worsened inflammation and fibrosis in the heart and kidney by inhibiting the LIMS1/ILK signaling pathway; on the contrary, supplementation with exogenous miR-26a reversed all these changes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that miR-26a could be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiorenal injury in CKD. This is attributed to its ability to regulate the LIMS1/ILK signaling pathway, which represents a common molecular mechanism in both heart and kidney tissues.
Animals ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Angiotensin II/toxicity* ; Mice ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced* ; Mice, Knockout ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Signal Transduction/genetics* ; LIM Domain Proteins/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Cell Line ; Humans

The rapid emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that evade immunity elicited by vaccination has posed a global challenge to the control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, developing countermeasures that broadly protect against SARS-CoV-2 and related sarbecoviruses is essential. Herein, we have developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA-LNP) encoding the full-length Spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 (termed RG001), which confers complete protection in a non-human primate model. Intramuscular immunization of two doses of RG001 in Rhesus monkey elicited robust neutralizing antibodies and cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 variants, resulting in significantly protected SARS-CoV-2-infected animals from acute lung lesions and complete inhibition of viral replication in all animals immunized with low or high doses of RG001. More importantly, the third dose of RG001 vaccination elicited effective neutralizing antibodies against current epidemic XBB and JN.1 strains and similar cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants (BA.1, XBB.1.16, and JN.1) were observed in immunized mice. All these results together strongly support the great potential of RG001 in preventing the infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs).

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of acupuncture intervention at different time during the acute phase of ischemic stroke on limb motor dysfunction 6 months after onset. MethodsThe enrolled ischemic stroke patients from four tertiary hospitals all received western basic treatment for ≥14 days； additionally， they were given the cleaning-mind and opening-orifices acupuncture method， with acupuncture at bilateral Neiguan （PC 6）， Shuigou （GV 26）， and Sanyinjiao （SP 6） of the affected side， once a day for at least 2 times. Three cohorts were formed by the timing of acupuncture intervention of the onset of the disease within 10 days， namely， the acupuncture group of 1-3 days after onset of the disease （195 cases）， the acupuncture group of 4-7 days after onset of the disease （171 cases）， and the acupuncture group of 8-10 days after onset of the disease （96 cases）. Propensity score matching was performed using R4.3.3 software， and there were 89 patients in each of the three groups after matching. Modified Rankin Scale （mRS） score， Fugl-Meyer Scale （FMA） score， EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level （EQ-5D-5L） score and the proportion of good functional outcome were observed in the 3 groups of patients before treatment and 6 months after onset. A logistic regression model was constructed to analyse the effect of the timing of acupuncture intervention on the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for limb motor dysfunction in ischaemic stroke. ResultsCompared with the pre-treatment of this group， mRS and EQ-5D-5L scores decreased and FMA increased in all three groups 6 months after onset （P＜0.01）， and all the indexes of the onset 1-3 days acupuncture group and the onset 4-7 days acupuncture group were better than those of the onset 8-10 days acupuncture group （P＜0.05）. The proportions of good functional outcome in the onset 1-3 days acupuncture group， the onset 4-7 days acupuncture group， and the onset 8-10 days acupuncture group were 76.40%， 80.90%， and 57.30%， respectively， and the proportions of good functional outcome in the onset 1-3 days acupuncture group and the onset 4-7 days acupuncture group were significantly higher than those in the onset 8-10 days acupuncture group （P＜0.05）. Multifactorial logistic analysis showed that compared with the group with 8-10 days of onset， the group with 1-3 days of onset （OR=2.796， 95%CI： 1.340~5.836， P = 0.006）， and the group with 4-7 days of onset （OR=3.482， 95%CI： 1.647~7.362， P = 0.001） increased the likelihood that patients would be nondisabled 6 months after onset. ConclusionThe intervention of cleaning-mind and opening-orifices acupuncture within 1-7 days of onset for patients with acute ischemic stroke can reduce the rate of disability 6 months after onset， improve limb motor function， and enhance the quality of life.

The 18th National Postgraduate Symposium on Environmental and Occupational Medicine, co-sponsored by the Editorial Board of Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and the School of Public Health of Sun Yat-sen University, was successfully held on August 22 to 25, 2024 in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Adhering to the theme of “Research and practice: Healing the schism”, the symposium aims to enliven academic thinking, expand research horizons, encourage innovation, enhance inter-university exchanges, and strengthen talent cultivation, especially to promote the close integration of academic research and public health practice. A total of 105 papers were received from 38 universities. The symposium also gathered about 160 participants, mainly authors postgraduates from universities and experts and professors in the field of environmental and occupational medicine. All the participants discussed the latest research advances and future development trends of environmental and occupational medicine, and endeavor to apply the research results in public health practice.

Objective To analyze the clinical outcomes of early invasive fungal disease(IFD)in patients after allogenetic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HCST)with metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients undergoing allo-HCST in our Bone Marrow Transplantation Center between July 2021 and October 2022.These patients experienced one of the following conditions within 100 d after transplantation:① Patients with persistent fever and negative blood culture after empiric antimicrobial therapy for 72 h or longer;② Hyperpyrexia of unknown origin occurred again after effective anti-infection in the past;③ Symptoms in lower respiratory tract associated with lung lesions on CT scan,and empiric anti-infective therapy was ineffective.Peripheral blood or bronchoscopic alveolar lavage fluid were tested with mNGS,and overall survival(OS)and non-relapse mortality(NRM)were analyzed.Results There were 60 patients enrolled in this study.For the peripheral blood samples of 47 cases and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples of 13 cases,mNGS found that 19 cases were negative to pathogens,30 cases were non-fungal positive,and 11 case were fungal positive,including 3 cases of aspergillus,5 cases of mucor,2 cases of Candida tropicalis,and 1 case of Trichosporon asahii.Of the 11 patients with fungal positive,8 achieved complete remission after antifungal therapy according to the mNGS results.The 1-year OS and NRM of the 60 patients were 70.0％(95％CI:64.1％～75.9％)and 20.0％(95％CI:11.9％～32.5％),respectively,while those of the fungal infection patients were 54.5％(95％CI:49.5％～69.5％)and 36.4％(95％ CI:15.5％～70.3％),respectively.No significant differences were seen in 1-year OS(P=0.487)and 1-year NRM(P=0.358)among the negative,fungal infection and non-fungal infection patients,neither OS(P=0.238)and NRM(P=0.154)between the fungal infection and the non-fungal infection patients.Conclusion mNGS can rapidly diagnose the early IFD after allo-HSCT,which is helpful for timely and effective treatment and improves the prognosis of patients.