Objective To understand the current status of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) control in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods Clinical data of patients who underwent isolated CABG in Beijing Anzhen Hospital in 2023 were collected. All patients returned to our hospital approximately one year after surgery (10-13 months) for a lipid level recheck. We analyzed their LDL-C attainment status and influencing factors. Patients were categorized into two groups based on whether their LDL-C met the target: a LDL-C attainment group and a LDL-C non-attainment group. Results This study included 1456 patients who underwent CABG, including 320 females and 1136 males, with an average age of (61.41±9.12) years. One year post-surgery, 234 patients achieved the LDL-C target, with an attainment rate of 16.07%. The proportion of patients in the LDL-C attainment group who were ultra-high risk (77.35% vs. 92.06%, P＜0.001), female (16.24% vs. 23.08%, P=0.021), and those with comorbid hypertension (55.98% vs. 63.18%, P=0.038) was significantly lower than those in the LDL-C non-attainment group. Additionally, the baseline body mass index (BMI) [(25.37±3.24) kg/m2 vs. (26.03±3.56) kg/m2, P=0.017], total cholesterol levels [(3.30±0.84) mmol/L vs. (4.01±1.03) mmol/L, P＜0.001], LDL-C [(1.62±0.63) mmol/L vs. (2.25±0.85) mmol/L, P＜0.001], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [(0.98±0.26) mmol/L vs. (1.02±0.24) mmol/L, P=0.049] upon admission in the attainment group were all lower than those in the non-attainment group. Moreover, the lipid-lowering drug usage rate in the attainment group (100.00% vs. 96.24%, P=0.003) and the proportion using two types of drugs together (25.21% vs. 10.72%, P＜0.001) were both higher than those in the non-attainment group, while the statin monotherapy rate was lower than that in the non-attainment group (74.79% vs. 85.19%, P＜0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline BMI (OR=0.928, P=0.012) and baseline LDL-C levels (OR=0.207, P<0.001), patient cardiovascular risk stratification (OR=0.155, P<0.001) and lipid-lowering drug treatment regimen (OR=3.758, P<0.001) are significant factors affecting the LDL-C control status. Conclusion The LDL-C compliance rate of patients undergoing CABG is at a relatively low level 1 year after surgery. Patients with very high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, high baseline LDL-C levels, and overweight or obesity should be strengthened lipid management. For these patients, the intensity of lipid-lowering drug use or combination medication should be increased upon discharge.

Objective The pathophysiological process of acute high-altitude hypoxia-induced lung injury affects protein expression levels,which are mainly evaluated by Western blot.No systematic study has investigated changes in internal control proteins as calibration loading amounts.Methods Lung injury at an altitude of 6000 m was induced in a low-pressure,low-oxygen chamber for 8,24,and 72 h using C57BL/6J mice.Establishment of the model was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Expression levels of various internal control proteins,including vinculin,α-tubulin,eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5(EIF5),β-actin,and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)were detected by Western blot,and total protein expression was detected by Coomassie blue staining.Furthermore,the lung injury model in vitro was establised by using,Bronchial epithelial cell(BZAS-2B)andhunman umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECS)confirmed by TUNEL staining.Expression levels of internal control proteins were detected by Western blot,and total protein expression was detected by Coomassie Blue staining.Results Acute 8,24,and 72 h hypoxic models were successfully established in lung tissue,demonstrating consistent total protein expression and stable levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,andβ-actin.GAPDH expression was elevated in the HH8 h,HH24 h,and HH72 h groups compared with the normoxia(Nor)group,but only the increase at HH72 h groups was significant.Similarly,8,24,and 48 h hypoxic models were successfully established in BEAS-2B cells and HUVECs,with consistent total protein expression.In BEAS-2B cells,expression levels of the internal reference proteins β-actin and GAPDH were consistent with the normoxic control(NC)group,while vinculin,α-tubulin,and EIF5 expression levels were significantly reduced under hypoxic conditions for up to 24 h.In HUVECs,vinculin and α-tubulin expression levels were also consistent with the NC group,while EIF5,β-actin,and GAPDH expression levels were significantly reduced at 8 h and increased at 48 h.Conclusions Acute hypoxia induces lung tissue injury,and protein expression levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,and β-actin are stable,making them suitable internal references for Western blot.Additionally,Western blot detected differential expression levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,β-actin,and GAPDH in BEAS-2B cells and HUVECs,as the most important in vitro lung tissue models of hypoxia-induced injury.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors for excessive microbial contamination level tested for repaired endoscopes before reuse and to formulate targeted management strategies,providing a reference for handling such events.METHODS A total of 54 repaired endoscopes reused in the Digestive Endoscopy Room of a hospital in Shanxi Province from Oct.2021 to Jun.2024,with a total of 105 repairs,were selected as the study subjects.Mi-crobial contamination levels were tested for all repaired endoscopes before reuse,and they were divided into a posi-tive group(colony count＞20 CFU/item)and a negative group(colony count ≤20 CFU/item)based on the test results.The risk factors for excessive microbial contamination levels of repaired endoscopes before reuse were summarized.The positive rates of microbial contamination level tests for repaired endoscopes before reuse were compared between the pre-intervention period(from Oct.2021 to Jun.2024)and the post-intervention period(from Jul.2024 to Dec.2024).RESULTS The results of microbial contamination level tests of endoscopes with 105 repairs before reuse showed a positive rate of 27.62％(29/105).Shortening duration between cleaning and disin-fection before and after repair(OR=0.285)was a protective factor,scratches/grooves/leak repairs in the endo-scope tubes(OR=3.211),improper cleaning and disinfection(OR=5.257)and the less number of enzymatic brushing washes(OR=2.438)were identified as risk factors for excessive microbial contamination levels of re-paired endoscopes before reuse(P＜0.05).Before the intervention,the positive rate of microbial contamination level tests for repaired endoscopes was higher than that for non-repaired endoscopes(27.62％vs.3.45％,P＜0.001).After the intervention,there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of microbial con-tamination level tests between repaired and non-repaired endoscopes(5.26％vs.4.17％,P=0.681),but the posi-tive rate for repaired endoscopes was lower than that before the intervention(5.26％vs.27.62％,P=0.004).CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of excessive microbial contamination levels of repaired endoscopes before reuse frequemly occur.Formulating and implementing targeted management strategies may guarantee the qualified rate of cleaning and disinfection of endoscopes before the reuse,and enhance the safety for the reuse of repaired endoscopes.

Objective The pathophysiological process of acute high-altitude hypoxia-induced lung injury affects protein expression levels,which are mainly evaluated by Western blot.No systematic study has investigated changes in internal control proteins as calibration loading amounts.Methods Lung injury at an altitude of 6000 m was induced in a low-pressure,low-oxygen chamber for 8,24,and 72 h using C57BL/6J mice.Establishment of the model was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Expression levels of various internal control proteins,including vinculin,α-tubulin,eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5(EIF5),β-actin,and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)were detected by Western blot,and total protein expression was detected by Coomassie blue staining.Furthermore,the lung injury model in vitro was establised by using,Bronchial epithelial cell(BZAS-2B)andhunman umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECS)confirmed by TUNEL staining.Expression levels of internal control proteins were detected by Western blot,and total protein expression was detected by Coomassie Blue staining.Results Acute 8,24,and 72 h hypoxic models were successfully established in lung tissue,demonstrating consistent total protein expression and stable levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,andβ-actin.GAPDH expression was elevated in the HH8 h,HH24 h,and HH72 h groups compared with the normoxia(Nor)group,but only the increase at HH72 h groups was significant.Similarly,8,24,and 48 h hypoxic models were successfully established in BEAS-2B cells and HUVECs,with consistent total protein expression.In BEAS-2B cells,expression levels of the internal reference proteins β-actin and GAPDH were consistent with the normoxic control(NC)group,while vinculin,α-tubulin,and EIF5 expression levels were significantly reduced under hypoxic conditions for up to 24 h.In HUVECs,vinculin and α-tubulin expression levels were also consistent with the NC group,while EIF5,β-actin,and GAPDH expression levels were significantly reduced at 8 h and increased at 48 h.Conclusions Acute hypoxia induces lung tissue injury,and protein expression levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,and β-actin are stable,making them suitable internal references for Western blot.Additionally,Western blot detected differential expression levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,β-actin,and GAPDH in BEAS-2B cells and HUVECs,as the most important in vitro lung tissue models of hypoxia-induced injury.

To improve Party members management quality in public hospitals,this study established a comprehensive system based on the five core elements of system management theory.The system includes subsystems for target value,organiza-tional structure,education and training,performance assessment,supervision and review,and information technology.Further-more,the practical implementation of this system in a public hospital has highlighted three key characteristics:integrity,hierar-chy,and openness.These features underscore its potential for wider adoption in the management of Party members within public hospitals.

Objective The myocardial injury was induced by hypobaric hypoxia through regulating the expression of various proteins.The expression of proteins was mainly detected by western blot,but the selection of internal reference proteins and their variations have not been systematically studied.Methods Myocardial injury was induced in a low-pressure,low-oxygen chamber simulating an altitude of 6000 m,for 24 and 72 h.Establishment of the myocardial injury model was confirmed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining.Expression levels of internal control proteins,including vinculin,α-tubulin,eukaryotic translation initiation factor-5(EIF5),β-actin,glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),cyclophilin B,and cofilin,were detected by Western Blot and total protein expression was detected by Ponceau S and Coomassie Blue staining.An adult mouse cardiomyocytes(AMCMs)injury model was induced by hypoxia for 12 and 24 h and confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL staining).Internal control proteins were detected by Western Blot,as in the in vivo model,and total protein expression was detected by Ponceau S and Coomassie Blue staining.Results A myocardial injury model was established by hypobaric hypoxia for 24 and 72 h,the total protein expression levels remained consistent.The expression of internal control proteins including vinculin,EIF5,β-actin,cyclophilin B,and cofilin was consistent between the control and model groups.Expression levels of α-tubulin were similar in the plain control and 24 h hypobaric hypoxia group,but were significantly lower in the 72 h hypobaric hypoxia group compared with the plain control group.GAPDH expression was significantly higher in the 24 and 72 h hypobaric hypoxia groups than in the plain control group.An AMCM injury model was established by hypoxia for 12 and 24 h.Total protein levels and expression levels of the internal control proteins EIF5 and β-actin were consistent,but vinculin,α-tubulin,GAPDH,cyclophilin B,and cofilin expression levels were higher in both hypoxia groups compared with the normoxic control group.Conclusions EIF5 and β-actin may be the suitable loading control proteins for studies of hypobaric hypoxia-induced myocardial injury using Western Blot.Total protein is also a good choice for hypobaric hypoxia studies.

Objective To explore the effect of Yinchenhao Decoction plus Zexie Decoction on ferroptosis mediated by IRE1 signaling pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress in NASH mice.Methods Fifty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into blank control group,model group,Yinchenhao decoction group,Zexia decoction group and Hefang group,with 10 mice in each group.Except the blank control group,the other groups were fed with high-fat diet.After 20 weeks,Yinchenhao Tang group,Zexia Tang group and Hefang group were respectively given the corresponding drug by intragastric administration,once a day for 8 weeks.HE staining,oil red O staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissue,automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect blood lipid and liver function indexes,and RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of TFR1,FPN,XBP1,Xbp1s and XBP1-dependent UPR target genes.The expressions of GRP78,P-IRE1α,GPX4,TFR1 and FPN proteins in liver were detected by Western Blot,the contents of Fe2+and MDA were detected by colorimetry,SOD activity was detected by WST-8,ROS content was detected by ELISA,and TG content in mouse liver tissue was detected by GPO-PAP.Results Compared with the model group,the NAS scores of Yinchenhao Tang group,Zexia Tang group and Hefang group were significantly reduced,and the effect of Hefang group was more significant.Compared with the blank control group,the liver lipid deposition of model mice was obvious,and the liver lipid deposition of Yinchenhao Tang group,Zexia group and Hefang group were improved to varying degrees,and the effect of Hefang group was more significant.Masson staining results showed that compared with blank control group,liver fibrosis was obvious in model group,Yinchenhao Decoction group,Zexia group and Hefang group,the degree of liver fibrosis was improved,and the effect of Hefang group was more significant.Compared with the blank control group,the levels of serum TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,AST and ALT in the model group were significantly increased,the contents of TG,Fe2+,MDA and ROS in the liver were significantly increased,and the activity of SOD was significantly decreased.The mRNA expression levels of Xbp1,Xbp1s,Dnajb9,Edem1,Sec61a1,Bip,Chop and TFR1were significantly up-regulated,the mrna expression levels of FPN were significantly down-regulated,and the protein expression levels of GRP78,P-IREα,GPX4 and TFR1 in liver were significantly increased.The expression level of FPN protein decreased significantly.Compared with model group,the serum levels of TG,TC,LDL-C,AST and ALT in the combined formula group were significantly decreased,the contents of TG,Fe2+,MDA and ROS in the liver of the combined formula group were significantly decreased,and the activity of SOD was significantly increased.The mRNA expression levels of Xbp1,Xbp1s,Dnajb9,Edem1,Sec61a1,Bip,Cho and TFR1 in liver were significantly decreased,the mrna expression level of FPN was significantly increased,and the protein expression levels of GRP78,P-IRE1α,GPX4 and TFR1 in liver were significantly down-regulated.The expression level of FPN protein was significantly up-regulated.Conclusion Yinchenhao Decoction plus Zexie Decoction may ameliorate NASH by inhibiting ferroptosis of hepatocytes through IRE1α pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective:To explore the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis (PM) receiving programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody therapy, and investigate the biomarkers that affect the prognosis of anti-PD-1 therapy.Methods:This restrospecific study collected the clinic-pathological data of 56 patients with peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer who received first-line treatment in the Nanjing Drum Town Hospital from March 2020 to September 2023, among which 41 had received anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and 15 hadn't. The relationship between overall survival (OS) and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The relationship between baseline peripheral blood indicators and treatment response of patients with anti-PD-1 treatment was analyzed using unpaired t-test. Subsequently, the Cox proportional risk regression model was used to explore the clinical prognostic factors that may affect anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by univariate and multivariate analysis. The clinical prognostic factors included baseline data and baseline peripheral blood indexes such as anti-PD-1 treatment lines, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), combined positive score (CPS), expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2), EBER status, pathological types, other metastatic lesions, ascites content before immunotherapy, with or without abdominal drainage during anti-PD-1 treatment, blood lipid indicators, inflammatory indicators, and tumor indicators. Results:Kaplan-Meier survival statistics showed similar OS (15.9 vs. 15.2 months, P=0.600) in patients with anti-PD-1 therapy compared to those without anti-PD-1 therapy. Patients with baseline high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ≥0.97 mmol/L ( n=22) demonstrated a significantly longer median OS compared to those with HDL＜0.97 mmol/L (15.2 vs. 13.5 months; P=0.018). Similarly, the cohort with apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) levels ≥0.86 g/L ( n=21) showed superior survival outcomes, with a median OS of 17.7 months versus 12.3 months in the ApoA1＜0.86 g/L group ( n=20; P=0.006). In contrast, elevated baseline alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels ( n=2) were associated with markedly reduced survival (median OS: 5.7 vs. 15.2 months in normal AFP group, n=37; P=0.005). Notably, elevated pretreatment ApoA1 levels correlated with enhanced immunotherapy response ( P=0.017). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that ApoA1 deficiency (≥0.86 g/L) independently predicted better OS following PD-1 antibody therapy ( HR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.12-0.98, P=0.046) in gastric cancer patients with PM. Conclusions:In our study, it is first proposed that ApoA1 could be a significant predictor of the survival advantages of immunotherapy in gastric cancer patients with PM.

Background and purpose:Human papilloma virus(HPV)infection status is crucial for diagnosing cervical precancerous lesions and classifying cervical cancer.High-risk(HR)HPV is often linked to P16 protein overexpression,so P16 detection via immunohistochemistry(IHC)is commonly used to assess HPV infection.However,the differences between HPV status and P16 expression remains unclear.An in-depth study of the correlation between HPV and P16 is essential for clinical guidance.Methods:We retrospectively collected clinical and pathological data of cervical lesions from 618 patients diagnosed at the Department of Pathology,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2020 to December 2023(Ethical number:050432-4-2307E).Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)reverse dot hybridization was used to detect HPV including HR and low-risk(LR)subtypes,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect P16 for comparative analysis.Based on different clinical and pathological diagnoses,the sensitivity and specificity of P16 expression in evaluating HPV infection were evaluated.Among the 618 cases of cervical lesions,there were 92 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma,257 cases of cervical adenocarcinoma,79 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(HSIL),105 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(LSIL),and 85 cases of chronic cervical inflammation.Results:According to clinical diagnosis,the HR-HPV positive rate in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 88.0%(81/92),the P16 positive rate was 91.3%(84/92),and the overall consistency rate between P16 and HPV detection was 90.2%(88/92);for HR-HPV infection,the sensitivity and specificity of P16 were 96.3%and 45.5%.The positive rate of HR-HPV in adenocarcinoma was 54.5%(140/257),the positive rate of P16 was 58.8%(151/257),and the overall consistency rate between P16 and HPV detection was 82.5%(212/257);for HR-HPV infection,the sensitivity and specificity of P16 were 87.9%and 76.1%.In HSIL,the HR-HPV positive rate was 75.9%(60/79),the positive rate of P16 was 70.9%(56/79),and the overall consistency rate between P16 and HR-HPV detection was 82.2%(65/79);for HR-HPV infection,the sensitivity and specificity of P16 were 85.0%and 73.7%.In LSIL,the HR-HPV positive rate was 73.3%(77/105),the positive rate of P16 was 8.5%(9/105),and the overall consistency rate between P16 and HR-HPV detection was 33.3%(35/105);for HR-HPV infection,the sensitivity and specificity of P16 were 10.4%and 96.4%.In chronic cervical inflammation,the HR-HPV positive rate was 20%(17/85),the positive rate of P16 was 0.0%(0/85);for HR-HPV infection,the sensitivity and specificity of P16 were 0.0%and 100.0%.There was a significant positive correlation between P16 positivity and HPV16/18 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma,adenocarcinoma,and HSIL(P=0.000),while there was no significant correlation in LSIL and chronic cervical inflammation(P＞0.05).Conclusion:In cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma,the consistency of P16 expression and HPV DNA positivity are high,especially in HPV16/18 subtype.There is a good concordance between HR-HPV positivity and P16 protein overexpression.The positive expression of P16 in HSIL may initially reflect HPV infection status.However,in LSIL and chronic cervicitis,P16 expression may not accurately correlate with HPV infection.The inconsistency between P16 and HPV DNA testing could be influenced by multiple factors,including HPV subtypes,histopathological categories,specimen quality,and technical limitations.In clinical practice,it is recommended to conduct comprehensive analysis or employ multiple diagnostic methods to confirm HPV infection status for precise evaluation.

To explore the interaction between ASFV capsid protein M1249L and host from the host cellular perspective,M1249L was selected for constructing the bait plasmid(pGBKT7-M1249L)to screen the bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs)cDNA library.After again co-transform and sequence alignment,20 candidate interacting host proteins were screened,such as IL-1β,CTSB and DNAJA3.And then,co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed to verify the interaction be-tween M1249L and host proteins.GO ontology(GO)and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses re-vealed that biological regulation,cellular communication and response to stimulus and others were enriched in biological processes.And these host proteins could share some pathways,including toll-like receptor signaling pathway and Nod-like receptor signaling pathway.Therefore,the results provides the theoretical basis for further research on the mechanism of ASFV M1249L in viral in-fection and immune regulation.